杀菌剂Triadimefon和Cd对水生生物的联合毒性

采用静态试验方法研究了Triadimefon和Cd对水生生物浮萍和彭泽鲫的毒性作用。结果表明,Triadimefon和Cd对浮萍的联合毒性IC50值为9.19mg·L-1,对浮萍叶绿素a含量的影响随浓度增加显著增强。联合作用对彭泽鲫LC50值为18.78mg·L-1,说明浮萍要比彭泽鲫更为敏感。在模拟的3种水生环境中,联合毒性影响顺序如下:浮萍为自来水>河水>蒸馏水,彭泽鲫为蒸馏水>自来水>河水。

Degradation Dynamics of Triadimefon and Difenoconazole Residues in Strawberry and Soil

A field experiment was employed to study the degradation of triadimefon and difenoconazole residues in strawberry and soil. The results showed that the degradation of both the two kinds of pesticides was in accordance with the first order kinetic equation. The half-lives of difenoconazole in strawberry fruit, strawberry stem leaf and soil were 4.09, 8.21 and 13.38 d, respectively; and the half-lives of triadimefon in strawberry fruit, strawberry stem and leaf and soil were 3.38, 5.31 and 15.64 d, respectively. The maximum residue limit （MRL） of difenoconazole in strawberry was recommended as 0.5 mg/kg, and 10% difenoconazole WG and 20% triadimefon EC should be applied four times with a safety interval of 7 d according to the amounts of 100 and 60 g a. i./hm2,respectively.

Photochemical Degradation of Triadimefon in Seawater

The photochemical degradation of triadimefon in seawater was investigated under different reaction conditions in this study. The results showed that triadimefon could be effectively degraded by the irradiation of a high-pressure mercury lamp and the photodegradation rates were influenced by aquatic media, heavy metal ions and photosensitizers. The photochemical degradation of triadimefon followed the first-order reaction kinetic behavior, with the rate constants ranging from 0.0027 to 0.0128 min-1 under the studied conditions. The photolysis of triadimefon was slower in natural seawater than in distilled water or synthetic seawater. All the heavy metal ions studied in this paper had inhibition effects on the photolysis of triadimefon. Acetone, as a common photosensitizer, could accelerate the photolysis of triadimefon. Three photoproducts were identified by GC-MS analysis. Our study confirmed that photochemical degradation is an effective pathway to remove triadimefon in seawater.

Changes in biochemical constituents and induction of early sprouting by triadimefon treatment in white yam(Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) tubers during storage

The ability of triadimefon （TDM）, a triazolic fungicide, to alter the biochemical constituents and thereby minimizing the days required for sprouting in white yam （Dioscorea rotundata Poir.） tubers during storage under （30±2） ℃ in the dark, was studied. TDM at 20 mg/L was given to tubers by dipping the tubers in treatment solution containing 20 mg/L TDM on 10, 25 and 40 d after storage （DAS）. Starch, sugars, protein, amino acid contents as well as protease and a-amylase activities were estimated on 15, 30 and 45 DAS from two physiological regions viz., apical and basal regions of the tubers. In normal conditions （control） sprouting occurred on 70 to 80 DAS. The starch content decreased, while protein, amino acid, sugar contents and protease and a-amylase activities were increased due to TDM treatment and led to early sprouting.

Control Efficiency of 36% Carbendazim Triadimefon SC on Wheat Powdery Mildew and Pink Mold

This paper explored the control efficiency of 36% Carbendazim triadimefon SC on wheat powdery mildew, wheat pink mold and rope sclerotinia, and the impact on rape yield through field experiment. The results showed that the control efficiency was the best on the 7th and 14th day after the application of 36% Car- bendazim triadimefon SC in the dosage of 2 250 mL/hm2, and rope yield was improved by 32%.

Involvement of triadimefon induced early ABA-dependent H2O2 accumulation in soybean against water stress

The present study showed that pretreatment of triadimefon(TDM),a triazole compound,could improve tolerance of soybean seedlings to subsequent water stress.TDM pretreatment resulted in early and late rise in superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities,and upregulation of ascorbate(As A)content in non-stressed and water-stressed seedlings,leading to late increase in net photosynthetic rate(Pn),late decrease in hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)and electrolyte leakage in stressed ones.These TDM-induced changes were blocked by application of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis inhibitor tungstate,which inhibited early rise of ABA and H2O2contents in non-stressed and stressed seedlings.However,ABA pretreatment overcomed the effects of this inhibitor.Application of NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium(DPI),polyamine oxidase(PAO)inhibitor 2-hydroxyethylhydrazine(2-HEH)and H2O2scavenger dimethylthiourea(DMTU)prevented early TDM-induced rise of H2O2content.DPI,2-HEH and DMTU also decreased SOD,CAT and As A levels,but did not affect ABA content during early and late phases in both seedlings pretreated with TDM.In addition,these chemicals decreased Pn,and increased H2O2content and electrolyte leakage during late phase in TDM-pretreated stressed seedlings.Overall,these results indicated that TDM pretreatment alleviated adverse effects of water stress on soybean seedlings,which was at least in part,due to increase of antioxidant capacity and decrease of oxidative damage induced by early ABA-dependent H2O2generation.

三唑酮对离体水稻叶片衰老的延缓作用

用质量浓度为 2 0mg/L的三唑酮溶液处理提高叶片的蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量 ,表明三唑酮能延缓水稻叶片的衰老 叶片衰老过程中 ,超氧物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性和抗坏血酸 (AsA)、还原型谷光甘肽 (GSH)含量降低 ,三唑酮处理抑制了它们的降低 过氧化物酶 (POD)活性和丙二醛 (MDA)含量提高 ,三唑酮处理抑制它们的提高 结果表明 。

三唑酮对绿豆幼苗叶片衰老的延缓作用

三唑酮处理可提高离体绿豆（ＰｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｒａｄｉａｔｕｓＬ．）幼苗叶片叶绿素和蛋白质含量。叶片衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡｓＡＰＯＤ）活性及抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）和还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量降低。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮可提高ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量，对ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性无影响。丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高，并与ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量呈显著负相关，三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮有提高植物对膜脂过氧化作用的保护能力，延缓叶片的衰老作用。

木霉菌与三唑酮配合对西瓜生长的影响和对枯萎病的防效

研究了木霉菌与微量三唑酮配合使用对西瓜枯萎病的防效和对寄主生长、根系发育及根分泌物的影响。木霉菌与微量三唑酮配合对防治西瓜枯萎病有增效作用。在药砂培处理的西瓜根分泌物作用下 ,尖孢镰刀菌厚垣孢子萌发率较水砂培处理低 ,两处理的根分泌物对木霉菌的分生孢子萌发较对尖孢镰刀菌的厚垣孢子萌发更有利。三唑酮对西瓜生长和根系发育有抑制作用 ,在播种时施用尤为严重 ,该不利因素可通过减少用药量。

抽穗期喷肥和杀菌剂对强筋小麦徐麦27产量及品质的影响

以徐麦27为试验材料,研究了抽穗期喷肥和杀菌剂对强筋小麦产量及品质的影响,以期为高产优质高效栽培措施的选择提供依据。结果表明:喷肥和杀菌剂对小麦千粒重、产量和品质有显著影响。其中喷有氮磷钾或微肥的处理比没有喷的千粒重、产量和品质都有所提高;不同的杀菌剂对小麦千粒重、产量和品质影响不同。杀菌剂和肥料混喷可能产生相互作用,因此建议在混喷时应该更加慎重。试验中,氮磷钾、微肥和青霉素混合液混喷效果最好,对产量和品质提高幅度较大。

杀菌剂三唑酮在我国农业中的应用研究进展

对三唑酮在我国小麦、水稻、玉米、水果、蔬菜、草坪、花卉、树木等方面的应用进行了综述。三唑酮可用于防治小麦的纹枯病、全蚀病、白粉病、根腐病和水稻的稻瘟病、稻叶尖枯病、稻曲病、黑粉病等多种病害。另外,三唑酮还是一种甾醇抑制剂和植物生长调节剂,在与一些农药混配后具有协同增效作用。

三唑酮在甘蓝及土壤中的残留动态研究

利用气相色谱法测定了20%三唑酮乳油在甘蓝和土壤中的残留动态,改进了样品前处理方法和分析方法,土壤和甘蓝样品分别用丙酮─水和甲醇─水溶液提取,二氯甲烷萃取,土壤样品的二氯甲烷相浓缩后用正己烷定容,甘蓝样品则经过弗罗里硅土柱净化后用正己烷定容,用毛细管柱分离,电子捕获检测器(μ-ECD)测定。研究结果表明:该方法对三唑酮的最小检出量为8 9×10-13g,在土壤和甘蓝中的最低检出浓度为2 23×10-4mg/kg,收获时甘蓝和土壤中三唑酮的残留量均未检出。土壤和甘蓝空白样品的平均添加回收率为83 36%～95 50%,变异系数为4 38%～17 70%,符合残留分析要求。

三唑酮对木霉根际竞争定殖的影响

在粘壤土中施用 4～ 12μg/ g土三唑酮能提高耐药木霉菌株在西瓜根尖 4～ 1cm处根际土中的种群密度。4 μg三唑酮处理的木霉根际竞争定殖指数、以及在 4～ 8cm和 10～ 14cm根段的根际木霉种群密度均高于不施药对照。土壤接种量为 1× 10 3cfu/ g土时木霉菌在西瓜根际增殖的比例较接种量为 1× 10 6cfu/ g土时大 ,2种接种量下三唑酮处理的根际木霉种群密度分别高于相应的不加药对照。在质地较好、C/ N比值较高的粘壤土中木霉菌在西瓜根际的种群密度较砂壤土和粘土大 。

三唑酮的酸性、中性和碱性水解动力学研究

三唑酮在不同pH值和温度条件下水解动力学的测定结果表明:三唑酮在酸性条件下比较稳定,不易水解,但随体系pH值的升高,水解速度加快。温度升高有利于三唑酮的水解反应,酸性条件下水解活化能最大,温度升高对反应速率的影响最大。

烯效唑和三唑酮调节水稻秧苗生长的增效作用及机理

用烯效唑、三唑酮和烯效唑 +三唑酮浸种或苗期喷施的结果表明 ,烯效唑能有效地调节水稻秧苗的生长 ,使苗高降低、分蘖增加。三唑酮对水稻秧苗的生长也有一定的调节作用。烯效唑和三唑酮协同调节秧苗生长 ,控制苗高和促进分蘖有明显的增效作用。与此同时 ,烯效唑和烯效唑 +三唑酮协同作用使内源激素水平发生明显变化 ,GAS和 IAA含量明显降低 ,i PAs和 ABA含量显著增加。根据烯效唑和烯效唑 +三唑酮协同作用调节水稻秧苗生长与内源激素水平变化的关系 ,明确使内源 GAS、IAA含量降低和 i PAs、ABA含量增加是烯效唑和烯效唑

五种农药对三唑酮光解的影响

本文研究了氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、多菌灵、r-六六六及辛硫磷等五种农药对杀菌剂三唑酮光化学降解的影响.当三唑酮分别与这五种农药以等剂量混合光照后,三唑酮的光解速度加快1.44—2.42倍,表现了较强的光敏降解效应,其敏化光解效率随光照时间延长而逐渐提高;当三唑酮分别与这五种农药以2:1剂量比混合光照后,仅溴氰菊酯、多菌灵表现敏化降解效应,而氯氰菊酯、r-六六六及辛硫磷则显示光猝灭降解效应.五种农药对三唑酮的光敏降解效率与其剂量成正相关.

戊唑醇和三唑酮对映体的手性拆分

以纤维素 三 ( 3,5 二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯 ) (CDMPC)高效液相色谱手性固定相 (CSP)成功地拆分了戊唑醇和三唑酮对映异构体 ,通过考察流动相中异丙醇的含量、柱长及温度对手性拆分的影响 ,优化色谱分离条件。结果显示 :该固定相对两种手性农药有较好的拆分效果 ,使用 2 5 0mm色谱柱 ,流动相中含 5 %异丙醇时戊唑醇得到最佳分离 ,分离度为 1.2 2 ;三唑酮在异丙醇含量为 2 %时有最大分离度 1.4 7。减少异丙醇含量对两种农药均有利于增大分离度 。

戊唑醇、丙环唑和三唑酮的GC和HPLC分析方法

采用气相色谱法和液相色谱法2种方法分别对戊唑醇、丙环唑和三唑酮进行定性定量分析,气相色谱法中都以邻苯二甲酸二戊酯为内标物,色谱柱都采用3%OV-101chromosorbAWDMCS150￣177μm1m×3mm玻璃柱,柱温为200～205℃,汽化温度和检测温度均为230℃,戊唑醇、丙环唑和三唑酮的回收率分别为99.1%～100.3%,98.5%～99.8%和99.3%￣100.7%;方法变异系数分别为0.34%,0.51%和0.37%。高效液相色谱法中使用Nova-PaKC18250mm×4.6mm色谱柱,以甲醇+水=85+15为流动相,检测波长为225nm。戊唑醇、丙环唑和三唑酮的回收率分别为99.1%～100.7%,98.9%￣99.6%和99.9%～101.2%;方法变异系数分别为0.74%,0.43%和0.58%。

2007年我国部分麦区小麦白粉菌对三唑酮的抗药性监测

采用拌种离体叶段法测定了我国9个省(市)的112个小麦白粉菌株对三唑酮的抗性。结果表明,供试菌株的平均EC50为57.25mg/L,平均抗性水平为27.39倍,其中86.61%供试菌株已经产生抗性,抗药性比敏感菌株高出10～40倍的菌株占47.32%,四川、山东、甘肃和贵州等地菌株的抗性高于其他地区。此结果可为三唑类杀菌剂在我国的推广应用和制定合理的抗药性治理措施提供依据。

气相色谱法测定葱中百菌清和三唑酮残留量

提出了气相色谱法、氮磷检测器测定葱中百菌清和三唑酮的残留量。葱样经磷酸酸化的乙腈提取,提取液通过弗罗里硅土柱浓缩净化后,用石油醚-丙酮(1+1)混合溶液洗脱,洗脱液经氮气吹干,正己烷定容至5.0 mL供气相色谱测定,外标法定量。百菌清和三唑酮的质量浓度在0.05～5.0,0.1～5.0 mg·L^(-1)范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均为0.02 mg·kg^(-1)。百菌清和三唑酮的回收率分别在84.5%～90.2%和92.1%～101.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5.5%。