Isotropic sintering shrinkage of 3D glass-ceramic nanolattices:backbone preforming and mechanical enhancement

There is a perpetual pursuit for free-form glasses and ceramics featuring outstanding mechanical properties as well as chemical and thermal resistance.It is a promising idea to shape inorganic materials in three-dimensional(3D)forms to reduce their weight while maintaining high mechanical properties.A popular strategy for the preparation of 3D inorganic materials is to mold the organic–inorganic hybrid photoresists into 3D micro-and nano-structures and remove the organic components by subsequent sintering.However,due to the discrete arrangement of inorganic components in the organic-inorganic hybrid photoresists,it remains a huge challenge to attain isotropic shrinkage during sintering.Herein,we demonstrate the isotropic sintering shrinkage by forming the consecutive–Si–O–Si–O–Zr–O–inorganic backbone in photoresists and fabricating 3D glass–ceramic nanolattices with enhanced mechanical properties.The femtosecond(fs)laser is used in two-photon polymerization(TPP)to fabricate 3D green body structures.After subsequent sintering at 1000℃,high-quality 3D glass–ceramic microstructures can be obtained with perfectly intact and smooth morphology.In-suit compression experiments and finite-element simulations reveal that octahedral-truss(oct-truss)lattices possess remarkable adeptness in bearing stress concentration and maintain the structural integrity to resist rod bending,indicating that this structure is a candidate for preparing lightweight and high stiffness glass–ceramic nanolattices.3D printing of such glasses and ceramics has significant implications in a number of industrial applications,including metamaterials,microelectromechanical systems,photonic crystals,and damage-tolerant lightweight materials.

Deep learning for determining pure isotropic proton spectra from solidstate spectra

Recently,an article on ^(1)H solid-state NMR spectra was published,in which the authors proposed a deep learning approach to infer the pure isotropic proton NMR spectra obtained at an infinite magic angle spinning(MAS)rate.This approach even allowed to obtain,by far,the best resolved ^(1)H spectra of molecular solids[1](https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202216607).Deep learning based artificial intelligence is developing rapidly,and its application is deepening.Currently,there are many applications of deep learning in the field of magnetic resonance,such as the reconstruction of the under-sampled multidimensional spectra[2-4],the deconvolution of two-dimensional NMR spectra[5]and noise suppression and weak peak retrial[6],etc.

Three-dimensional isotropic microfabrication in glass using spatiotemporal focusing of high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser pulses

To improve the processing efficiency and extend the tuning range of 3D isotropic fabrication,we apply the simultaneous spatiotemporal focusing(SSTF)technique to a high-repetition-rate femtosecond(fs)fiber laser system.In the SSTF scheme,we propose a pulse compensation scheme for the fiber laser with a narrow spectral bandwidth by building an extra-cavity pulse stretcher.We further demonstrate truly 3D isotropic microfabrication in photosensitive glass with a tunable resolution ranging from 8μm to 22μm using the SSTF of fs laser pulses.Moreover,we systematically investigate the influences of pulse energy,writing speed,processing depth,and spherical aberration on the fabrication resolution.As a proof-of-concept demonstration,the SSTF scheme was further employed for the fs laser-assisted etching of complicated glass microfluidic structures with 3D uniform sizes.The developed technique can be extended to many applications such as advanced photonics,3D biomimetic printing,micro-electromechanical systems,and lab-on-a-chips.

Poroelastodynamic responses and elastic moduli of a transversely isotropic porous cylinder under forced deformation test

Existing transversely isotropic poroelastodynamics solutions are limited to infinite domains and without experimental validation. Furthermore, there is a lack of analytical simulations for the elastic moduli dispersion of fluid-saturated porous cylinders. To address these three limitations and investigate the mechanisms of moduli dispersion, we present the analytical solutions of the poromechanical responses and the elastic moduli dispersion of a transversely isotropic, fluid-saturated, finite porous cylinder subjected to a forced deformation test. Through an example, we demonstrate the effects of loading frequency, boundary conditions, and material's anisotropy, dimension, and permeability on the responses of pore pressure,force, displacement, and dynamic elastic moduli of the cylinder. The specimen's responses are significantly influenced by the frequency of the applied load, resulting in a drained state at low frequencies and an undrained state at high frequencies. At high frequencies, the sample behaves identically for an open or a closed lateral boundary, and permeability has insignificant effects. The dynamic elastic moduli are mainly controlled by the loading frequency and the ratio of the sample's radius to its height. Lastly,we show excellent matches between the newly derived analytical solution and laboratory measurements on one clay and two shale samples from Mont Terri.

Solving elastic wave equations in 2D transversely isotropic media by a weighted Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method

Accurate wave propagation simulation in anisotropic media is important for forward modeling, migration and inversion. In this study, the weighted Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method is extended to solve the elastic wave equations in 2D transversely isotropic media. The spatial discretization is based on the numerical flux discontinuous Galerkin scheme. An explicit weighted two-step iterative Runge-Kutta method is used as time-stepping algorithm. The weighted RKDG method has good flexibility and applicability of dealing with undulating geometries and boundary conditions. To verify the correctness and effectiveness of this method, several numerical examples are presented for elastic wave propagations in vertical transversely isotropic and tilted transversely isotropic media. The results show that the weighted RKDG method is promising for solving wave propagation problems in complex anisotropic medium.

Guide and control of thermal conduction with isotropic thermodynamic parameters based on a rotary-concentrating device

A rotary-concentrating device for thermal conduction is constructed to control and guide thermal energy transmitting in elastic plates.The designed device has the ability of concentrating for thermal conduction and controlling the processes of thermal diffusion in a plate.The multilayered isotropic material properties of the rotary-concentrating device are derived based on the transformation and rotary medium method and a rotation parameter to control the thermal diffusion process is introduced.The efficiency of the rotary-concentrating device for thermal conduction is verified.Stability of temperature fields in a plate with the rotary-concentrating device is analyzed to study the performance of rotary-concentrating.Numerical examples show that the constructed rotary-concentrating device for thermal conduction can effectively rotate and focus on the thermal energy into the device for a wide range of diffusion temperatures,which can enhance the thermal conduction.Therefore,this study can provide a theoretical support for potential applications in fields of energy harvesting and thermal conduction control.

Comparisons between Isotropic and Anisotropic TV Regularizations in Inverse Acoustic Scattering

This article compares the isotropic and anisotropic TV regularizations used in inverse acoustic scattering. It is observed that compared with the traditional Tikhonov regularization, isotropic and anisotropic TV regularizations perform better in the sense of edge preserving. While anisotropic TV regularization will cause distortions along axes. To minimize the energy function with isotropic and anisotropic regularization terms, we use split Bregman scheme. We do several 2D numerical experiments to validate the above arguments.

Physical Transformations of Agri-Food Products during Their Convective Drying: Characterization of the Contraction and Isotropicity of Okra

The physical transformations in terms of contraction of okra dimensions during convective drying were examined. During drying, the lateral and longitudinal dimensions of okra decrease over time. The lateral dimensions go from their initial value to around 53%, 65% and 66% of this value after 530 min. The length of the two samples used goes from 8.65 and 9.02 cm to 6.79 and 7.52 cm after 14,300 min, i.e. a variation of 78.50% and 83.37%. All the two directions give variations almost linear depending on the water content. These linear contractions result in a volume contraction of the okra. It considerably decreases in volume during the drying process. The volume goes from 831.32 cm3 to 367.57 cm3 in min, a variation of 44.22%. The isotropic index reveals that okra does not behave the same in the lateral and longitudinal directions. It contracts its diameter more than its length.

Quantum Codes Do Not Increase Fidelity against Isotropic Errors

In this article, we study the ability of error-correcting quantum codes to increase the fidelity of quantum states throughout a quantum computation. We analyze arbitrary quantum codes that encode all qubits involved in the computation, and we study the evolution of n-qubit fidelity from the end of one application of the correcting circuit to the end of the next application. We assume that the correcting circuit does not introduce new errors, that it does not increase the execution time (i.e. its application takes zero seconds) and that quantum errors are isotropic. We show that the quantum code increases the fidelity of the states perturbed by quantum errors but that this improvement is not enough to justify the use of quantum codes. Namely, we prove that, taking into account that the time interval between the application of the two corrections is multiplied (at least) by the number of qubits n (due to the coding), the best option is not to use quantum codes, since the fidelity of the uncoded state over a time interval n times smaller is greater than that of the state resulting from the quantum code correction.

盐溶液饱和岩土的本构理论及在黏土中的应用

盐溶液中离子的化学活性会改变饱和岩土的力学性质,诱发其工程性能出现劣化甚至失效等岩土工程问题。为了研究化学活性对饱和岩土水力与变形特性的影响,基于混合物理论与热力学溶液理论,建立了盐溶液饱和岩土材料的本构理论框架。与以往研究不同,该理论将固相应变分解为孔隙率变化引起的骨架应变、固相材料变形引起的基质应变以及化学反应等物质交换引起的质量交换应变,用以凸显孔隙率在水-力-化学多场耦合机制中的关键作用;采用溶质的现时质量分数作为化学状态变量来反映化学活性的影响;利用自由能和耗散势分别建立弹性和塑性本构关系。根据该理论框架建立了NaCl溶液饱和黏土的固相、流相本构关系以及溶质的渗流-扩散方程,并得到了已有试验数据的验证,表明该框架可以指导盐溶液饱和岩土的本构建模工作。

316L不锈钢非比例循环硬化特性的数值模拟

在等效应变范围为0.7%条件下,对316L不锈钢进行室温应变控制拉-扭疲劳试验,研究了比例应变路径(单轴路径和比例路径)和非比例应变路径(十字路径和圆路径)下的循环硬化特性;采用AF-OW随动硬化模型结合Chaboche各向同性硬化准则以及将非比例度嵌入到各向同性硬化准则中的改进模型对各路径下的循环特性进行模拟,并进行试验验证。结果表明:316L不锈钢在各路径下的循环初期均产生了循环硬化现象,在单轴、比例、十字和圆路径下的硬化率分别为5.2%,4.5%,38.2%,44.6%,在非比例应变路径下,该钢产生明显的附加强化;AF-OW模型结合各向同性硬化准则可以准确地模拟单轴和比例路径下的循环硬化特性,但对十字和圆路径下的模拟效果较差,模拟得到的正应力-正应变滞回环与试验结果之间的最大相对误差均大于20%;改进模型可以准确地描述十字和圆路径下的循环硬化特性,正应力-正应变滞回环的最大相对误差分别为1.3%和3.2%,最大等效峰值应力的相对误差分别为1.9%和1.2%。

Navigation Finsler metrics on a gradient Ricci soliton

In this paper,we study a class of Finsler metrics defined by a vector field on a gradient Ricci soliton.We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for these Finsler metrics on a compact gradient Ricci soliton to be of isotropic S-curvature by establishing a new integral inequality.Then we determine the Ricci curvature of navigation Finsler metrics of isotropic S-curvature on a gradient Ricci soliton generalizing result only known in the case when such soliton is of Einstein type.As its application,we obtain the Ricci curvature of all navigation Finsler metrics of isotropic S-curvature on Gaussian shrinking soliton.

湍流热环境中毫米级木质生物质颗粒燃烧特性

燃煤机组耦合生物质甚至全燃生物质是高效低成本降碳的可行技术。生物质燃料破碎能耗高导致入炉粒径相对较大,部分大粒径颗粒在炉内高温湍流环境中的燃尽问题值得重视。采用四风扇对冲高温湍流实验装置,构造近均匀各向同性湍流流场。以两种粒径的木质生物质颗粒(d_(p,0)=2.5、6.0 mm)为研究对象,通过改变炉温(T_(gas)=500、700、900℃)和湍流脉动速度(u_(rms)=0~1.8 m/s),研究湍流脉动速度urms对毫米级生物质颗粒燃烧特性的影响。试验通过颗粒表面-中心温度测量系统记录了颗粒温度,通过彩色图像测量系统捕捉燃烧全过程,确定不同工况下生物质颗粒的燃烧时间、着火模式、火焰形态及粒径变化。结果表明,生物质颗粒通常倾向于发生均相着火,仅在T_(gas)=500℃时增大u_(rms)使着火模式由均相着火转变为异相着火。u_(rms)增至1.8 m/s,着火前颗粒升温速率提高了近30%,挥发分燃烧阶段颗粒表面温度升高约300℃。u_(rms)增加引起挥发分火焰锋面褶皱变形,均相燃烧强度增加,tvol略微缩短;生物质焦炭的孔隙发展更加迅速,大量氧气扩散进颗粒内发生反应,使焦炭燃尽时间大幅缩短40%以上,焦炭燃烧温度亦随之增加。颗粒湍流雷诺数Re_(p,t)越大,受湍流脉动影响越显著。升高炉温,增大u_(rms)对颗粒温度的影响将减弱,对缩短燃烧时间的影响越强烈。

各向同性磁流变弹性体磁相关非线性动态力学行为的本构模型

各向同性磁流变弹性体是一种将磁性颗粒随机掺入到聚合物基体中制备而成的智能材料。在磁场作用下,其模量发生快速、可逆、连续变化,在振动控制领域显示出良好的应用前景。实验结果表明,各向同性磁流变弹性体的动态力学行为具有很强的频率、应变幅值和磁场相关性。尽管上述行为对于其潜在应用具有重要的影响,但目前关于各向同性磁流变弹性体磁相关非线性动态力学行为的理论研究则关注不够。为准确评价各向同性磁流变弹性体的动态力磁耦合行为,并指导其相关产品的设计,本文建立了一个基于连续介质力学理论,反映各向同性磁流变弹性体磁相关非线性动态力学行为的本构模型。随后,开发了和本构模型对应的数值实现算法,并对模型的预测能力进行了验证。该模型有助于深入理解各向同性磁流变弹性体磁相关非线性动态力学行为的潜在力学机制。此外,该模型有助于指导基于各向同性磁流变弹性体产品的设计和应用。

点状热干扰源诱导的准各向同性高温超导股线失超特性

第二代高温超导带材因其较高的临界电流密度以及良好的机械特性,近年来在超导研究领域得到极大关注。由REBCO带材组成的高温超导导体在液氮温度下的零电阻特性使其在超导输电领域具有巨大的潜力。从安全角度看,高温超导导体的失超保护研究是其获得广泛应用的一个关键。该文建立了准各向同性超导股线的三维失超仿真模型,耦合了电场、磁场和温度场,模拟了不同运行电流以及不同点状热干扰能量下超导股线的失超行为,求解出股线的温度、电流密度以及磁场分布,得到了准各向同性高温超导股线的最小失超能(MQE)以及失超传播速度(QPV),对超导装置的失超保护具有重要意义。该文对准各向同性超导股线建立的三维失超模型,也可以应用到其他结构的高温超导导体的失超研究中。

不同应力养护条件对水泥土力学性能影响试验研究

为更好地了解水泥土在养护时期所受应力大小对其后期力学性能的影响,研发恒温等压或偏压条件下水泥土试样的养护装置和相应的试验方法。基于改制的恒温恒压水泥土试样养护装置,制作等压和偏压养护条件下不同龄期的水泥土试样。通过无侧限压缩试验(UCT),获得等压和偏压养护条件下水泥土试样的应力-应变曲线及其无侧限抗压强度(UCS)和变形模量E_(50)随龄期的演化规律。试验结果表明:等压养护时围压σ_(c)从0.1 MPa增加到0.3 MPa,水泥土试样在龄期为7 d和14 d时的无侧限抗压强度和变形模量E_(50)均随着围压的增加而增大,但28 d龄期水泥土样的UCS和E_(50)随围压σ_(c)的增长而减小,甚至0.3 MPa围压养护试样的UCS已低于无围压养护试样的UCS,水泥土存在“高围压养护长期强度降低效应”;不同轴压比λ下偏压养护的水泥土样,其60 d龄期的UCS在偏压较小(即λ<λ_(c),λ_(c)为临界轴压比)时逐渐增加,而在偏压较大(即λ>λ_(c))时逐渐下降,即水泥土又存在“小偏压养护强度增加,大偏压养护强度降低的效应”。通过对试验结果进行回归分析,分别建立等压养护下计入围压参数σ_(c)的水泥土UCS和E_(50)的演化方程、偏压养护下水泥土UCS和E_(50)与轴压比λ的经验关系式。研究成果对于深刻理解环境条件对水泥土力学性能的影响机制和指导工程实践,具有较好的理论和工程实际意义。

相对论变换下的两种量子信息对称态研究

量子态是量子信息论研究的重点之一。近年来,随着量子信息处理技术的不断发展,量子态的制备和控制变得越来越重要。Werner态及isotropic态是量子信息理论中两类重要的量子态,其在非相对论量子力学的背景下得到了广泛的研究。本文主要讨论了两比特Werner态及isotropic态在相对论变换下的性质。结果表明,在相对论变换下,变换后的量子态仍保持原量子态的形式,且其相对参数在速度趋近于光速时不变。

新型CVD金刚石涂层刀具铣削高性能各向同性石墨研究

利用自主研发的新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具对自行研制的高密高强各向同性石墨材料进行了铣削加工试验,对比测试了新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具与PCD刀具的切削性能。试验结果表明,PCD刀具铣削加工25min其后刀面磨损已超过磨钝标准0.3 mm,新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具加工到45 min时,其后刀面磨损量仅为0.25 mm,这说明新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具高速铣削石墨时表现出良好的耐磨性和使用寿命,可以适应高性能各向同性石墨的加工需求。铣削加工试验还发现新型CVD金刚石复合涂层刀具加工的石墨表面质量在初期不如PCD刀具,但在更长时间加工情况下,其加工表面质量优于PCD刀具。

移动荷载作用下层状横观各向同性饱和土中排桩的隔振效应

利用有限元-边界元耦合法评估了移动荷载下层状横观各向同性饱和土体中排桩的隔振效果。利用有限元法将排桩离散成单桩以及桩单元,基于Bernoulli-Euler梁理论得到桩的有限元矩阵方程;在桩-土边界,土体单元与桩单元进行了等节点离散,并以层状饱和地基的解析层元基本解作为核函数,利用边界积分法得到桩-土界面处地基的柔度矩阵;基于两阶段理论,将侧摩阻力响应与移动荷载直接引起的振动进行耦合,结合边界元法得到饱和地基的边界元方程;考虑Bernoulli-Euler梁和土体之间不发生相对滑移和脱开的位移协调条件,耦合有限元和边界元方程,得到排桩的动力响应方程;计算有无排桩隔振下某一观测点的位移,即可结合隔振理论分析排桩的隔振效率。在验证所提方法准确性的基础上,分析了桩长、桩身刚度、移动荷载速度以及横观各向同性参数对排桩隔振效应的影响。结果表明:最优桩长约等于2倍瑞利波长,超过该值隔振效果提高不大;桩与地基的刚度差越大,隔振效果越好;荷载速度超过剪切波速,桩基隔振表现反而更好。

Slip-Line Field Theory of Transversely Isotropic Body

A slip-line field theory of transversely isotropic body is proposed in the presentpaper in order to deal with problems in geology and geotechniques.The Goldenblat-Kopnov failure criterion is employed.The parameters in it are treated as functions of tempperature It is applicable to transverse isotropic media in non-uniform temperaturefield.The basic equtions of plastic deformation are developed while the associated ru-les of flow are derived.By means of characteristic line theory,slip-line slope formulasand laws of variation of stress and velocity along slip lines are obtained,The indenta-tion on semi-infinite media is calculated.The theory developed in this paper may be simplified into many classical theories such as Mises,Hill,and Coulomb ones,This complicated theory may be applied to geotechniques,geological structures,petroleumindustry,mining engineering,etc.