Dear Editor,In this letter, a finite-time convergent analysis of continuous action iterated dilemma(CAID) is proposed. In traditional evolutionary game theory, the strategy of the player is binary(cooperation or defec...Dear Editor,In this letter, a finite-time convergent analysis of continuous action iterated dilemma(CAID) is proposed. In traditional evolutionary game theory, the strategy of the player is binary(cooperation or defection), which limits the number of strategies a player can choose from.展开更多
Let X be a Banach space and let P:X→X be a bounded linear operator.Using an algebraic inequality on the spectrum of P,we give a new sufficient condition that guarantees the existence of(I-P)^(-1) as a bounded linear ...Let X be a Banach space and let P:X→X be a bounded linear operator.Using an algebraic inequality on the spectrum of P,we give a new sufficient condition that guarantees the existence of(I-P)^(-1) as a bounded linear operator on X,and a bound on its spectral radius is also obtained.This generalizes the classic Banach lemma.We apply the result to the perturbation analysis of general bounded linear operators on X with commutative perturbations.展开更多
By introducing the Carathéodory metric,we establish the Schwarz lemma at the boundary for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit p-ball B_(p)^(n) of C^(n).Furthermore,the boundary rigidity theorem for holomorphic ...By introducing the Carathéodory metric,we establish the Schwarz lemma at the boundary for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit p-ball B_(p)^(n) of C^(n).Furthermore,the boundary rigidity theorem for holomorphic self-mappings defined on B_(n)^(p) is obtained.These results cover the boundary Schwarz lemma and rigidity result for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit ball for p=2,and the unit polydisk for p=∞,respectively.展开更多
The grass spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that determines grain size.Although many genetic factors have been well characterized for grain size and glume development,the underlying molecular mechanisms in ...The grass spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that determines grain size.Although many genetic factors have been well characterized for grain size and glume development,the underlying molecular mechanisms in rice are far from established.Here,we isolated rice gene,AGL1 that controlled grain size and determines the fate of the sterile lemma.Loss of function of AGL1 produced larger grains and reduced the size of the sterile lemma.Larger grains in the agl1 mutant were caused by a larger number of cells that were longer and wider than in the wild type.The sterile lemma in the mutant spikelet was converted to a rudimentary glume-like organ.Our findings showed that the AGL1(also named LAX1)protein positively regulated G1 expression,and negatively regulated NSG1 expression,thereby affecting the fate of the sterile lemma.Taken together,our results revealed that AGL1 played a key role in negative regulation of grain size by controlling cell proliferation and expansion,and supported the opinion that rudimentary glume and sterile lemma in rice are homologous organs.展开更多
In this paper,by choosing some appropriate test functions,we prove the Weyl’s lemma for triharmonic functions based on the new type of mean value formulas.
A review of the history of human development shows that every major technological revolution brings new challenges to national security.With the advent of the information technology revolution represented by the Inter...A review of the history of human development shows that every major technological revolution brings new challenges to national security.With the advent of the information technology revolution represented by the Internet,cybersecurity has become an issue of paramount importance,and the digital intelligence revolution with digital technology innovations such as big data and cloud computing has further expanded the connotation and extension of cybersecurity.展开更多
This article offers a simple but rigorous proof of Brouwer’s fixed point theorem using Sperner’s Lemma.The general method I have used so far in the proof is mainly to convert the n-dimensional shapes to the correspo...This article offers a simple but rigorous proof of Brouwer’s fixed point theorem using Sperner’s Lemma.The general method I have used so far in the proof is mainly to convert the n-dimensional shapes to the corresponding case under the Sperner’s Labeling and apply the Sperner’s Lemma to solve the question.展开更多
In this paper,we review the development of a phase theory for systems and networks in its first five years,represented by a trilogy:Matrix phases and their properties;The MIMO LTI system phase response,its physical in...In this paper,we review the development of a phase theory for systems and networks in its first five years,represented by a trilogy:Matrix phases and their properties;The MIMO LTI system phase response,its physical interpretations,the small phase theorem,and the sectored real lemma;The synchronization of a multi-agent network using phase alignment.Towards the end,we also summarize a list of ongoing research on the phase theory and speculate what will happen in the next five years.展开更多
The proof by Andrew Wiles of Fermat’s Last Theorem in 1995 resolved the existence question for non-trivial solutions in integers x,y,zto the equation xn+yn=znfor n>2. There are none. Surprisingly, there are infini...The proof by Andrew Wiles of Fermat’s Last Theorem in 1995 resolved the existence question for non-trivial solutions in integers x,y,zto the equation xn+yn=znfor n>2. There are none. Surprisingly, there are infinitely many solutions if the problem is recast in terms of modular arithmetic. Over a hundred years ago Issai Schur was able to show that for any n there is always a sufficiently large prime p0such that for all primes p≥p0the congruence xn+yn≡zn(modp)has a non-trivial solution. Schur’s argument wasnon-constructive, and there is no systematic method available at present to construct specific examples for small primes. We offer a simple method for constructing all possible solutions to a large class of congruences of this type.展开更多
With the help of the classical Abel’s lemma on summation by parts and algorithm of q-hypergeometric summations, we deal with the summation, which can be written as multiplication of a q-hypergeometric term and q-harm...With the help of the classical Abel’s lemma on summation by parts and algorithm of q-hypergeometric summations, we deal with the summation, which can be written as multiplication of a q-hypergeometric term and q-harmonic numbers. This enables us to construct and prove identities on q-harmonic numbers. Several examples are also given.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholarship of China (62025602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11931915, U22B2036)+2 种基金Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundationm China (171105)Technological lmnovation Team of Shaanxi Province (2020TD013)the Tencent Foundation and XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Dear Editor,In this letter, a finite-time convergent analysis of continuous action iterated dilemma(CAID) is proposed. In traditional evolutionary game theory, the strategy of the player is binary(cooperation or defection), which limits the number of strategies a player can choose from.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12001142).
文摘Let X be a Banach space and let P:X→X be a bounded linear operator.Using an algebraic inequality on the spectrum of P,we give a new sufficient condition that guarantees the existence of(I-P)^(-1) as a bounded linear operator on X,and a bound on its spectral radius is also obtained.This generalizes the classic Banach lemma.We apply the result to the perturbation analysis of general bounded linear operators on X with commutative perturbations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071161,11971165)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11971042)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z24A010005)。
文摘By introducing the Carathéodory metric,we establish the Schwarz lemma at the boundary for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit p-ball B_(p)^(n) of C^(n).Furthermore,the boundary rigidity theorem for holomorphic self-mappings defined on B_(n)^(p) is obtained.These results cover the boundary Schwarz lemma and rigidity result for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit ball for p=2,and the unit polydisk for p=∞,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372118,32188102,32071993)the Qian Qian Academician Workstation,Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians in Hainan Province(YSPTZX202303)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C02056)Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory,China(B21HJ0220)。
文摘The grass spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that determines grain size.Although many genetic factors have been well characterized for grain size and glume development,the underlying molecular mechanisms in rice are far from established.Here,we isolated rice gene,AGL1 that controlled grain size and determines the fate of the sterile lemma.Loss of function of AGL1 produced larger grains and reduced the size of the sterile lemma.Larger grains in the agl1 mutant were caused by a larger number of cells that were longer and wider than in the wild type.The sterile lemma in the mutant spikelet was converted to a rudimentary glume-like organ.Our findings showed that the AGL1(also named LAX1)protein positively regulated G1 expression,and negatively regulated NSG1 expression,thereby affecting the fate of the sterile lemma.Taken together,our results revealed that AGL1 played a key role in negative regulation of grain size by controlling cell proliferation and expansion,and supported the opinion that rudimentary glume and sterile lemma in rice are homologous organs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11801006 and 12071489).
文摘In this paper,by choosing some appropriate test functions,we prove the Weyl’s lemma for triharmonic functions based on the new type of mean value formulas.
文摘A review of the history of human development shows that every major technological revolution brings new challenges to national security.With the advent of the information technology revolution represented by the Internet,cybersecurity has become an issue of paramount importance,and the digital intelligence revolution with digital technology innovations such as big data and cloud computing has further expanded the connotation and extension of cybersecurity.
基金by Dr Kemp from National Mathematics and Science College.
文摘This article offers a simple but rigorous proof of Brouwer’s fixed point theorem using Sperner’s Lemma.The general method I have used so far in the proof is mainly to convert the n-dimensional shapes to the corresponding case under the Sperner’s Labeling and apply the Sperner’s Lemma to solve the question.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62073003,72131001)Hong Hong Research Grants Council under GRF grants(16200619,16201120,16205421,1620-3922)Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Fund(SGDX20201103094600006)。
文摘In this paper,we review the development of a phase theory for systems and networks in its first five years,represented by a trilogy:Matrix phases and their properties;The MIMO LTI system phase response,its physical interpretations,the small phase theorem,and the sectored real lemma;The synchronization of a multi-agent network using phase alignment.Towards the end,we also summarize a list of ongoing research on the phase theory and speculate what will happen in the next five years.
文摘The proof by Andrew Wiles of Fermat’s Last Theorem in 1995 resolved the existence question for non-trivial solutions in integers x,y,zto the equation xn+yn=znfor n>2. There are none. Surprisingly, there are infinitely many solutions if the problem is recast in terms of modular arithmetic. Over a hundred years ago Issai Schur was able to show that for any n there is always a sufficiently large prime p0such that for all primes p≥p0the congruence xn+yn≡zn(modp)has a non-trivial solution. Schur’s argument wasnon-constructive, and there is no systematic method available at present to construct specific examples for small primes. We offer a simple method for constructing all possible solutions to a large class of congruences of this type.
文摘With the help of the classical Abel’s lemma on summation by parts and algorithm of q-hypergeometric summations, we deal with the summation, which can be written as multiplication of a q-hypergeometric term and q-harmonic numbers. This enables us to construct and prove identities on q-harmonic numbers. Several examples are also given.
