Objective： The objective was to provide a brief history of J wave molecular, ionic, cellular mechanisms, and clinical features. We will clinical research for J wave syndromes. syndromes and to summarize our current u...Objective： The objective was to provide a brief history of J wave molecular, ionic, cellular mechanisms, and clinical features. We will clinical research for J wave syndromes. syndromes and to summarize our current understanding of their also discuss the existing debates and further direction in basic and Data Sources： The publications on key words of＂J wave syndromes＂, ＂early repolarization syndrome （ERS）＂, ＂Brugada syndrome （BrS）＂ and ＂ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）＂ were comprehensively reviewed through search of the PubMed literatures without restriction on the publication date. Study Selection： Original articles, reviews and other literatures concerning J wave syndromes, ERS, BrS and STEMI were selected. Results： J wave syndromes were firstly defined by Yah et al. in a Chinese journal a decade ago, which represent a spectrum of variable phenotypes characterized by appearance of prominent electrocardiographic J wave including ERS, BrS and ventricular fibrillation （VF） associated with hypothermia and acute STEMI. J wave syndromes can be inherited or acquired and are mechanistically linked to amplification of the transient outward current （I ）-mediated J waves that can lead to phase 2 reentry capable of initiating VF. Conclusions： J wave syndromes are a group of newly highlighted clinical entities that share similar molecular, ionic and cellular mechanism and marked by amplified J wave on the electrocardiogram and a risk of VF. The clinical challenge ahead is to identify the patients with J wave syndromes who are at risk for sudden cardiac death and determine the alternative therapeutic strategies to reduce mortality.展开更多
The possibility of driving poloidal flows by use of ion Bernstein wave is assessed for Heliotron J and EAST devices by means of ray tracing analysis. Sheared poloidal flow is expected to suppress plasma turbulences du...The possibility of driving poloidal flows by use of ion Bernstein wave is assessed for Heliotron J and EAST devices by means of ray tracing analysis. Sheared poloidal flow is expected to suppress plasma turbulences due to the decorrelation of the waves. In Heliotron J and EAST plasma, the rays of Ion Bernstein Wave travel into the central region with oscillations along the magnetic lines of force and their power is absorbed by ions at the cyclotron resonance layers. The momentum input has been estimated by calculating the momentum change of rays and the poloidal flow has been estimated using neoclassical viscosities. The wave momentum changes its sign as it propagates inward, depositing sheared momentum to the plasma, and therefore causes sheared poloidal flows.展开更多
基金grants from the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China，the PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20120001120131). The authors of this article do not have potential conflicts of interest
基金Sharpe-Strumia Research Foundation, and National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81400258, 81370289, 81270236）.
文摘Objective： The objective was to provide a brief history of J wave molecular, ionic, cellular mechanisms, and clinical features. We will clinical research for J wave syndromes. syndromes and to summarize our current understanding of their also discuss the existing debates and further direction in basic and Data Sources： The publications on key words of＂J wave syndromes＂, ＂early repolarization syndrome （ERS）＂, ＂Brugada syndrome （BrS）＂ and ＂ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）＂ were comprehensively reviewed through search of the PubMed literatures without restriction on the publication date. Study Selection： Original articles, reviews and other literatures concerning J wave syndromes, ERS, BrS and STEMI were selected. Results： J wave syndromes were firstly defined by Yah et al. in a Chinese journal a decade ago, which represent a spectrum of variable phenotypes characterized by appearance of prominent electrocardiographic J wave including ERS, BrS and ventricular fibrillation （VF） associated with hypothermia and acute STEMI. J wave syndromes can be inherited or acquired and are mechanistically linked to amplification of the transient outward current （I ）-mediated J waves that can lead to phase 2 reentry capable of initiating VF. Conclusions： J wave syndromes are a group of newly highlighted clinical entities that share similar molecular, ionic and cellular mechanism and marked by amplified J wave on the electrocardiogram and a risk of VF. The clinical challenge ahead is to identify the patients with J wave syndromes who are at risk for sudden cardiac death and determine the alternative therapeutic strategies to reduce mortality.
基金supported in part by the JSPS-CAS Core University Program in the field of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion
文摘The possibility of driving poloidal flows by use of ion Bernstein wave is assessed for Heliotron J and EAST devices by means of ray tracing analysis. Sheared poloidal flow is expected to suppress plasma turbulences due to the decorrelation of the waves. In Heliotron J and EAST plasma, the rays of Ion Bernstein Wave travel into the central region with oscillations along the magnetic lines of force and their power is absorbed by ions at the cyclotron resonance layers. The momentum input has been estimated by calculating the momentum change of rays and the poloidal flow has been estimated using neoclassical viscosities. The wave momentum changes its sign as it propagates inward, depositing sheared momentum to the plasma, and therefore causes sheared poloidal flows.
