Applying the vantage PDMS to jack-up drilling ships

The plant design management system （PDMS） is an integrated application which includes a database and is useful when designing complex 3-D industrial projects. It could be used to simplify the most difficult part of a subsea oil extraction project-detailed pipeline design. It could also be used to integrate the design of equipment, structures, HVAC, E-ways as well as the detailed designs of other specialists. This article mainly examines the applicability of the Vantage PDMS database to pipeline projects involving jack-up drilling ships. It discusses the catalogue （CATA） of the pipeline, the spec-world （SPWL） of the pipeline, the bolt tables （BLTA） and so on. This article explains the main methods for CATA construction as well as problem in the process of construction. In this article, the authors point out matters needing attention when using the Vantage PDMS database in the design process and discuss partial solutions to these questions.

Study on General Performance of Jack-up Under Elevated Condition

Method of checking for jack-up elevated performance including leg structure strength, fixation system or jacking system beating capacity, pre-load requirements, spud can beating capacity and overturning stability is suggested in this paper. As an example, a jack-up with truss legs is analyzed by finite element analysis method. This paper may be helpful to the rig owners, operators and designers.

Dynamic Analysis Method of Offshore Jack-up Platforms in Regular and Random Waves

A jack-up platform, with its particular structure, showed obvious dynamic characteristics under complex environmental loads in extreme conditions. In this paper, taking a simplified 3-D finite element dynamic model in extreme storm conditions as research object, a transient dynamic analysis method was proposed, which was under both regular and irregular wave loads. The steps of dynamic analysis under extreme conditions were illustrated with an applied case, and the dynamic amplification factor （DAF） was calculated for each response parameter of base shear, overturning moment and hull sway. Finally, the structural response results of dynamic and static were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that the static strength analysis of the Jack-up Platforms was not enough under the dynamic loads including wave and current, further dynamic response analysis considering both computational efficiency and accuracy was necessary.

Soil-Structure Interaction Analysis of Jack-up Platforms Subjected to Monochrome and Irregular Waves

As jack-up platforms have recently been used in deeper and harsher waters, there has been an increasing demand to understand their behaviour more accurately to develop more sophisticated analysis techniques. One of the areas of significant development has been the modelling of spudean performance, where the load-displacement behaviour of the foundation is required to be included in any numerical model of the structure. In this study, beam on nonlinear winkler foundation （BNWF） modeling--which is based on using nonlinear springs and dampers instead of a continuum soil media--is employed for this purpose. A regular monochrome design wave and an irregular wave representing a design sea state are applied to the platform as lateral loading. By using the BNWF model and assuming a granular soil under spudcans, properties such as soil nonlinear behaviour near the structure, contact phenomena at the interface of soil and spudcan （such as uplifting and rocking）, and geometrical nonlinear behaviour of the structure are studied. Results of this study show that inelastic behaviour of the soil causes an increase in the lateral displacement at the hull elevation and permanent unequal settlement in soil below the spudcans, which are increased by decreasing the friction angle of the sandy soil. In fact, spudeans and the underlying soil cause a relative fixity at the platform support, which changes the dynamic response of the structure compared with the case where the structure is assumed to have a fixed support or pinned support. For simulating this behaviour without explicit modelling of soil-structure interaction （SSI）, moment- rotation curves at the end of platform legs, which are dependent on foundation dimensions and soil characteristics, are obtained. These curves can be used in a simplified model of the platform for considering the relative fixity at the soil- foundation interface.

Design of A Bionic Spudcan and Analysis of Penetration and Extraction Performances for Jack-up Platform

The mechanisms of soil structure interaction have drawn much attention in the past years in the installation and operation of jack-up platform. A bionic spudcan produced by biomimetic of egg and snail shell is proposed, and the performance of the penetration and extraction are analyzed by numerical method. The geometric contour of egg and snail shell is measured, and its mathematical model is established respectively. According to the structure of existing spudcan of jack-up platform, three kinds of typical biomimetic spudcan are designed. Furthermore, numerical analysis models of biomimetic spudcan are established respectively to study the soil structure interaction mechanism in the process of penetration and extraction, and contrastive analysis of resistance characteristics are carried out. To conclude, the results show that the biomimetic spudcan facilitates the platform installation, and it is also beneficial to the improvement of the bearing capacity of spudcan.

Prediction Methods of Spudcan Penetration for Jack-up Units

Jack-up units are extensively playing a successful role in drilling engineering around the world, and their safety and efficiency take more and more attraction in both research and engineering practice. An accurate prediction of the spudcan penetration depth is quite instrumental in deciding on whether a jack-up unit is feasible to operate at the site. The prediction of a too large penetration depth may lead to the hesitation or even rejection of a site due to potential difficulties in the subsequent extraction process; the same is true of a too small depth prediction due to the problem of possible instability during operation. However, a deviation between predictive results and final field data usually exists, especially when a strong-over-soft soil is included in the strata. The ultimate decision sometimes to a great extent depends on the practical experience, not the predictive results given by the guideline. It is somewhat risky, but no choice. Therefore, a feasible predictive method for the spudcan penetration depth, especially in strata with strong-over-soft soil profile, is urgently needed by the jack-up industry. In view of this, a comprehensive investigation on methods of predicting spudcan penetration is executed. For types of different soil profiles, predictive methods for spudcan penetration depth are proposed, and the corresponding experiment is also conducted to validate these methods. In addition, to further verify the feasibility of the proposed methods, a practical engineering case encountered in the South China Sea is also presented, and the corresponding numerical and experimental results are also presented and discussed.

The Calculating Model of Structural Analysis for Jack-Up Rig Legs

The selection or establishment of structural calculating model is a matter of primary importance in structural analysis. By analysing the irrationality of the calculating models used by some research organizations at home and abroad in structural analyses for truss jack-up rig legs, this paper introduces a new calculation model which is more reasonable. This model can simulate better the load situation of a rig reflecting more precisely the effects of the leg loads caused by the spring support of gearboxes of the jacking system and the secondary bending moment raised by hull displacement under extreme conditions. The rig conversion was completed in 1989. In July 1991 the rig safely stood the frontal hitting of Typhoon with the wind speed of 52 m / s, which shows that the checking on the structure is correct.

Study on the Design Method of the Jack-up＇s X-Type Cantilever Allowable Load Nephogram

The extending of a cantilever and transverse moving of a drilling floor enable the jack-up to operate in several well positions after the Jack-up has pitched. The cantilever allowable load nephogram is the critical reference which can evaluate the jack-up's drilling ability, design the cantilever structure and instruct a jack-up manager to make the operations safe. The intent of this paper is to explore the interrelationships between the cantilever position, drilling floor and the loads including wind force, the stand set-back weight etc., through analyzing the structure and load characteristics of the x-type cantilever and the simplified mechanics model with the restriction of the maximum moment capacity of the cantilever single side beam. Referring to several typical position designs load values, the cantilever allowable load nephogram is obtained by using the suitable interpolation method. The paper gives a method for cantilever allowable load design, which is proved reliable and effective by the calculation example.

Discussion on Key Points of Wind Load of Jack-up Unit

The anti-overturning ability and structure safety of jack-up unit in in-place condition are often affected by environment loads, especially wind load. According to the MODU rule, the projected area method is used for calculating the wind load. However, the calculated results are conservative and not good for structure optimization design. In this paper, a 400 ft jack-up is studied as an example. Based on the wind tunnel test and numerical simulation method, some key points of wind load calculation, such as shielding effect, lift effect and shape coefficient of component, are discussed. The study shows that the points mentioned above, which are ignored in the MODU rule calculation, result in the conservative result.

Collision Analysis Between Spudcan and Seabed During the Process of Jack-up Platform Lowering Jack-up Legs

In the leg-lowering process,the offshore jack-up platform is in a floating state,and the spudcan may collide with the seabed due to the platform motion in waves,thereby threatening the safety and stability of the platform.This paper first analyzed the hydrodynamic response of a jack-up platform under different sea states.Then a finite-element model was established which considered the material and geometrical nonlinearity in the structure and the nonlinear interaction between soil and structure to investigate the collision response between the spudcan and seabed during lowering jack-up legs.The results show that the dynamic response of the platform decreases and gradually tends to be stable as the wave period increases.The motion response of the platform reach the largest value when the wave period is 8 s and the wave direction is 0°.The collision angle between the spudcan and seabed has a large influence on the collision response,while the velocity of leg-lowering has little influence on the collision response.The collision response is also significantly affected by soil conditions.For clay,the increase in undrained shear strength and Young’s modulus will increase the impact force.

Comparative Analysis of a Jack-up Drilling Unit with Different Leg Systems

The jack-up unit is one of the best drilling platforms in offshore oil fields with water depth shallower than 150 meters.As the most pivotal component of the jack-up unit,the leg system can directly affect the global performance of a jack-up unit.Investigation shows that there are three kinds of leg structure forms in the world now:the reverse K,X,and mixing types.In order to clarify the advantage and defects of each one,as well as their effect on the global performance of the jack-up unit,this paper commenced to study performance targets ofa deepwater jack-up unit with different leg systems(X type,reverse K type,and mixing type).In this paper a typical leg scantling dimension and identical external loads were selected,detailed finite element snalysis(FEA)models were built to simulate the jack-up unit's structural behavior,and the multi-point constraint(MPC)element together with the spring element was used to deal with the boundary condition.Finally,the above problems were solved by comparative analysis of their main performance targets(including ultimate static strength,dynamic response,and weight).

Uplift Resistance Calculation and Sensitive Analysis of Jack-up Wind Installation Vessels

The uplift resistance calculation is an important basis for the construction decisions of the jack-up wind installation vessel and the design of the jacking system,and determines the operation risk and reliability in the installation process of the wind turbine. The influence factors of the pile shoe's penetration depth and uplift resistance are analyzed,and the calculation model and flow of the uplift resistance are given. Based on a construction example,the influence rules are analyzed for the change of the pile shoe's structural parameters on the penetration depth and uplift resistance.The analysis results show that the penetration depth is more sensitive to the width of the pile shoe,and the height has greater influence on the uplift resistance than the length and width of the spud. With the increase of the height,the uplift resistance may increase rapidly.Although the decreases of the length,width and height of the pile shoe may reduce the uplift resistance,the penetration depth may increase in the meantime. This will increase the pulling pile time and reduce the construction efficiency. So the parameters of the pile shoe should be optimized according to the adaptable geology condition so as to obtain the optimal uplift resistance and working efficiency.

基于实际预压载作业的自升式平台环境载荷图谱绘制新思路

The environmental load chart is an important technical support required for the jack-up drilling platform to facilitate its adaptation to different operating waters and ensure the safety of operation.This chart is a crucial part of the platform operation manual.The chart data are closely related to external factors such as water depth,wind,wave,and current conditions of the working water,as well as to the structural characteristics of the platform itself and the number of variable loads.This study examines the platform state under extreme wind,wave,and current conditions during preloading.In addition,this study focuses on the difference between the ultimate reaction force of the pile leg during preloading and the reaction force of the pile leg without considering any environmental load before preloading.Furthermore,the relationship between the difference and the new reaction force of the pile leg caused by the combination of different environmental conditions is established to facilitate the construction of a new form of environmental load chart.The newly formed chart is flexible and simple;thus,it can be used to evaluate the environmental adaptability of the platform in the target well location and provides the preloading target demand or variable load limit according to the given environmental constraints.Moreover,the platform can perform personalized preloading operations,thereby improving its capability to cope with complex geological conditions,such as reducing punch-through risks.This condition reduces the load on jacking system devices and increases its service life.

智能控制在自升式平台升降系统的应用研究

升降系统作为自升式平台的核心设备,其性能好坏直接影响整个自升式平台的安全和使用效果。为提高平台的作业效率,减少升降操作时的人工干预,增强设备的安全可靠性,文章对升降系统的一键站桩、远程监测和健康状态检测等智能控制技术进行研究,实现了平台的快速站桩、远程控制和诊断,解决了升降系统操作复杂、不易检修的难题。

自升式钻井平台升降控制系统设计与优化研究

本文探究了自升式钻井平台升降控制系统的设计方法,并对钻井平台的水平控制和桩腿电机的同步控制进行了优化分析。该系统由动力传动、升降控制和传感器三个模块构成,采用DCS分布式结构,以中央工控机作为上位机,PLC控制箱作为下位机。前端传感器采集载荷、速度、水平度等信号后,上传至工控机并完成分析处理,然后生成相应的调控指令并发送给下位机。利用下位机控制桩腿上的电机完成升降操作,保证了钻井平台的水平与稳定。在钻井平台上布置水平仪,将水平方向上的位移偏差转化为速度偏差,对桩腿进行独立调控,达到水平控制优化的目的;对桩腿电机使用耦合控制模式,保证了电机在和均衡、同步运行,达到了同步控制优化的目的。

自升式钻井平台大桩靴改造中冲桩系统设计

结合某自升式钻井平台桩靴加大适用性改造项目,文章分析了平台桩靴加大后的原船冲桩系统改造和冲桩管系布置,并概述了冲桩系统适应性设计原理和要求。通过使用冲桩系统仿真模拟软件,对喷嘴位置进行优化布局,并最终制定出最优生产方案。

海洋复杂气候多塔公铁同层斜拉桥主梁施工控制关键技术

珠海西江公铁大桥为(58.5+116+3×340+116+58.5)m公铁同层斜拉桥,两中塔塔梁墩固结,两边塔塔梁固结、塔墩分离。主梁采用单箱三室截面钢箱梁,总宽49.6 m,梁高4.676 m;全桥钢梁共划分为47个节段,标准节段长24 m;钢梁节段接头除顶板为焊接外,底板、腹板均为高强度螺栓连接。考虑既有施工机具和桥址环境特点,钢梁节段均为超大、超重、超高结构。边跨、次边跨钢梁节段最长80.25 m、最大吊重2600 t,利用大型浮吊吊装,通过“分段顶升(下降)、逐端合龙”的施工控制方法,3个大节段钢梁无折角拼接;中塔两侧主梁采用一侧钢梁节段吊装时另一侧配水袋压重的“小步快走,多轮次平衡”异步悬拼施工,将结构抗倾覆稳定系数控制在1.5以上;利用在中中跨合龙口施加主动顶推力结合改变合龙口结构构造的保障措施,实现大桥在高温条件下的高精度合龙。成桥结构内力、线形状态均达到设计理想状态。

PLC控制液压同步顶升系统在连续钢箱梁悬臂架设施工中的应用

结合上海莘奉金高速公路颛兴路跨线连续钢箱梁悬臂架设施工,重点阐述了PLC控制液压同步顶升系统在钢箱梁“对称悬拼,跨中合龙”中的应用及操作控制要点、技术要求。

基于CAN的分布式顶升控制系统设计

针对大型结构件装配时所用的顶升设备落后,顶升速度、高度、精度难以达到要求,造成系统平稳性不足且效率低下等问题,提出基于CAN总线的分布式控制方法.通过对系统软硬件及通信程序的开发,完成了顶升系统的设计与试验,实现了电液顶升的同步性、稳定性、高效性和安全性.系统试验及结果显示,该顶升系统满足实际的使用要求,同时对工业中大负载和时变负载的同步顶升系统研究提供参考.

自升式海洋平台多桩腿同步控制的研究

该文针对多电机同步控制系统的参数时变、非线性以及容易受负载扰动等因素,提出了基于相邻交叉耦合结构的BP神经网络PID控制算法,在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建了多电机同步控制系统仿真模型。为实现自升式海洋平台升降过程的同步控制,在自升式海洋平台升降控制系统中引入了基于相邻交叉耦合结构的BP神经网络PID控制算法,经试运行表明,海洋平台升降过程中,同步性能好、系统可靠性高、结构简单、完全能够满足海洋平台的平稳升降要求。