Role of Toll-like receptor 4 and Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription signal transduction pathway in sepsis-induced brain damage

The Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signal transduction pathway is involved in sepsis-induced functional damage to the heart, liver, kidney, and other organs. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced brain damage remain elusive. In the present study, we found severe loss of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats with sepsis-induced brain damage following intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin, The expression of toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor a, and interleukin-6 was significantly increased in brain tissues following lipopolysaccharide exposure. AG490 （JAK2 antagonist） and rapamycin （STAT3 antagonist） significantly reduced neuronal loss and suppressed the increased expression of toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor a, and interleukin-6 in the hippocampal CA1 region in sepsis-induced brain damaged rats. Overall, these data suggest that blockade of the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway is neuroprotective in sepsis-induced brain damage via the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor a, and interleukin-6 exoression.

Janus激酶抑制剂在皮肤病中应用的研究进展

Janus激酶(JAK)抑制剂是一种抑制JAK/信号转导和转录激活因子(STAT)信号通路的药物,可选择性抑制JAK家族,近几年已成为治疗许多炎症性皮肤病的新方案。JAK/STAT通路是一种细胞内信号通路,细胞因子通过该通路引起疾病。使用JAK抑制剂可能是治疗此类疾病的有用策略。本文对JAK抑制剂治疗皮肤病的机制、疗效及不良反应进行综述。

Jianpi Qutan Fang(健脾祛痰方)induces anti-atherosclerosis and ameliorates endothelial cell injury in high-fat diet rats via an anti-inflammatory and inhibiting Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE:To investiage the possible mechanism underlying the effect of the Jianpi Qutan Fang(健脾祛痰方,JPQT)on Atherosclerosis(AS)which is the main pathological process of most cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of adults worldwide.METHODS:In the present study,rats were fed with a high-fat-diet(HFD)with vitamin D3 for 16 weeks and were orally administered atorvastatin treatment and different doses of JPQT.Histopathological changes and ultrastructural changes in the aorta were evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),respectively.Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1)/Janus kinase 1(JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)signaling pathways were detected through Western blotting.RESULTS:JPQT treatment decreased the lipid levels of triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein,and cholesterol,the inflammatory cytokine levels of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),IL-6 and IL-8 in rat serum,but increased high-density lipoprotein and IL-10 serum levels.JPQT treatment ameliorated pathological changes in the aorta of AS model rats.Moreover,JPQT upregulated SOCS1 protein expression and down-regulated phosphorylated protein expression levels of p-JAK1 and p-STAT1.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that JPQT induces anti-atherosclerosis effects through anti-inflammatory and inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling pathways in HFD fed rats.

Gossypol acetic acid regulates leukemia stem cells by degrading LRPPRC via inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling or resulting mitochondrial dysfunction

BACKGROUND Leukemia stem cells(LSCs)are found to be one of the main factors contributing to poor therapeutic effects in acute myeloid leukemia(AML),as they are protected by the bone marrow microenvironment(BMM)against conventional therapies.Gossypol acetic acid(GAA),which is extracted from the seeds of cotton plants,exerts anti-tumor roles in several types of cancer and has been reported to induce apoptosis of LSCs by inhibiting Bcl2.AIM To investigate the exact roles of GAA in regulating LSCs under different microenvironments and the exact mechanism.METHODS In this study,LSCs were magnetically sorted from AML cell lines and the CD34+CD38-population was obtained.The expression of leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein(LRPPRC)and forkhead box M1(FOXM1)was evaluated in LSCs,and the effects of GAA on malignancies and mitochondrial RESULTS LRPPRC was found to be upregulated,and GAA inhibited cell proliferation by degrading LRPPRC.GAA induced LRPPRC degradation and inhibited the activation of interleukin 6(IL-6)/janus kinase(JAK)1/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)3 signaling,enhancing chemosensitivity in LSCs against conventional chemotherapies,including L-Asparaginase,Dexamethasone,and cytarabine.GAA was also found to downregulate FOXM1 indirectly by regulating LRPPRC.Furthermore,GAA induced reactive oxygen species accumulation,disturbed mitochondrial homeostasis,and caused mitochondrial dysfunction.By inhibiting IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling via degrading LRPPRC,GAA resulted in the elimination of LSCs.Meanwhile,GAA induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell damage by causing mitochondrial damage.CONCLUSION Taken together,the results indicate that GAA might overcome the BMM protective effect and be considered as a novel and effective combination therapy for AML.

Galectin 2 regulates JAK/STAT3 signaling activity to modulate oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and migration in vitro

Background:Galectin 2(LGALS2)is a protein previously reported to serve as a mediator of disease progression in a range of cancers.The function of LGALS2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),however,has yet to be explored,prompting the present study to address this literature gap.Methods:Overall,144 paired malignant tumor tissues and paracancerous OSCC patient samples were harvested and the LGALS2 expression levels were examined through qPCR and western immunoblotting.The LGALS2 coding sequence was introduced into the pcDNA3.0 vector,to enable the overexpression of this gene,while an LGALS2-specific shRNA and corresponding controls were also obtained.The functionality of LGALS2 as a regulator of the ability of OSCC cells to grow and undergo apoptotic death in vitro was assessed through EdU uptake and CCK-8 assays,and flow cytometer,whereas a Transwell system was used to assess migratory activity and invasivity.An agonist of the Janus Kinase 2(JAK2)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3)pathway was also used to assess the role of this pathway in the context of LGALS2 signaling.Results:Here,we found that lower LGALS2 protein and mRNA expression were evident in OSCC tumor tissue samples,and these expression levels were associated with clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival outcomes.Silencing LGALS2 enhanced proliferation in OSCC cells while rendering these cells better able to resist apoptosis.The opposite was instead observed after LGALS2 was overexpressed.Mechanistically,the ability of LGALS2 to suppress the progression of OSCC was related to its ability to activate the JAK/STAT3 signaling axis.Conclusion:Those results suggest a role for LGALS2 as a suppressor of OSCC progression through its ability to modulate JAK/STAT3 signaling,supporting the potential utility of LGALS2 as a target for efforts aimed at treating OSCC patients.

Mechanism of Yanghe Pingchaun granules on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats based on IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling axis

Objective: To investigate the effects of Yanghe Pingchuan Granules on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and to explore the mechanism of Interleukin-6/Janus kinase 2/ Signal transducing activator of transcription 3(IL-6/JAK2/STAT3) signal axis. Methods: We separated 42 healthy male SD rats into two groups, a control group (7) and a model group (35).The model group was sensitized with a combination of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide for 2 weeks, while the control group was given an equal amount of physiological saline.After 2 weeks, the modeling group was randomly divided into Model group, Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, medium and low dose groups and Dexamethasone group, each group consisted of 7 animals. After 4 weeks, OVA atomization and gavage were used for stimulation and treatment. Yanghe Pingchuan Granules high, middle and low groups were given 15.48, 7.74, 3.87 g∙kg-1 Yanghe Pingchuan Granules daily, dexamethasone group was given 0.0625 mg∙kg-1 dexamethasone daily, and the other groups were given the same amount of normal saline. HE, PAS and Masson staining were used to observe the lung histopathological changes in rats. The levels of interleukin-6, IL-23 and IL-17A were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 in lung tissues were detected by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in rat lung tissue. Results: The lung tissue structure of the model group was severely damaged compared to the control group, accompanied by a great many of inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were more obvious. The expressions of IL-6, IL- 23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly increased (P<0.01), the protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01);Compared with the model group, inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell proliferation, subepithelial collagen fiber deposition and airway epithelial thickening were significantly reduced in each administration group, and the expressions of IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17A in serum were significantly decreased (P< 0.01). The protein expression levels of JAK-2, P-JAK2, STAT3 and P-STAT3 and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Yanghe Pingchuan Granules can significantly alleviate airway remodeling in asthmatic rats, and its mechanism may be through inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signal axis.

Liuwei Dihuang Pill(六味地黄丸)Treats Postmenopausal Osteoporosis with Shen(Kidney) Yin Deficiency via Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signal Pathway by Up-regulating Cardiotrophin-Like Cytokine Factor 1 Expression

Objectives： To investigate the mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pill （六味地黄丸, LDP） in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP） with Shen （Kidney） yin deficiency. Methods： In this study, 205 cases of PMOP were divided into the PMOP Shen-yin deficiency group （Group A）, PMOP Shen-yang deficiency group （Group B）, PMOP without Shen deficiency group （Group C）, and control group （Group N）. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot techniques were used to observe the effects of LDP treatment on the cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 （CLCF1）, ankyrin repeat and SOCS box containing 1 （ASB1）, and proldneticin 2 （PROK2） genes and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT） signaling pathway. Results： The mRNA （P〈0.05） and protein （P〈0.01） expression levels of the CLCF1 gone in Group A were significantly lower than the corresponding levels in Group N. After LDP treatment for 3 months, the mRNA expression levels of the CLCF1 gone were obviously up-regulated （P〈0.01）. After 6-month treatment, the expression levels of CLCF1 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated （both P〈0.01）, and the average bone density of the top femur had significantly increased （P〈0.05）. In vitro, CLCF1 overexpression resulted in a significant increase in the total protein and phosphorylated protein levels of JAK2 and STAT3. Conclusions： The CLCF1 gone is an important gone associated with PMOP Shen-yin deficiency and the therapeutic effects of LDP may be mediated by up-regulation of CLCF1 gone expression and activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

高迁移率族蛋白B1诱导巨噬细胞Janus激酶/信号转导及转录激活子通路活化的研究

目的 初步探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)致炎效应的信号转导机制。方法 清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠,取其腹腔巨噬细胞,培养3 d后以10 mg/L HMGB1刺激。刺激完毕后直接在培养瓶中裂解细胞,分别采用免疫沉淀、免疫印迹法和凝胶阻滞分析等技术观察不同时间点Janus激酶2(JAK2)、信号转导及转录激活子-1(STAT1)以及STAT3的活化情况。结果 HMGB1可诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞STAT1、STAT3在短时间内(2 h)活化,其中STAT3活化最为迅速,10 min即可达到活化高峰。但:HMGB1不能在短时间内(2 h)诱导JAK2活化。结论 JAK/STAT途径可能参与了HMGB1致炎效应的信号转导机制。

疏风宣肺解毒方药对流感病毒性肺炎小鼠Janus激酶信号转导与转录激活因子通路的影响

目的：观察疏风宣肺解毒方对流感病毒性肺炎小鼠肺组织Janus激酶信号转导与转录激活因子（JAK-STAT）通路的调控作用。方法将60只小鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、达菲对照组和疏风宣肺方高、中、低剂量组，每组10只。应用0.05 mL的4LD50流感病毒肺适应株FM1滴鼻感染小鼠，建立小鼠流感病毒性肺炎模型；正常组以0.05 mL生理盐水滴鼻。制模成功2 h后，正常组、模型组灌服蒸馏水；达菲对照组灌服达菲（磷酸奥司他韦）2.5 g·mL-1·d-1；疏风宣肺方高、中、低剂量组分别灌服疏风宣肺解毒方药（由菊花、桑叶、杏仁、桔梗、连翘、柴胡等组成，颗粒剂），按照人与小鼠体表面积换算给药剂量，以加倍量为高剂量，折半量为低剂量，每日1次，每次0.2 mL。连续给药4 d后取小鼠肺组织，采用基因芯片技术检测小鼠JAK-STAT通路相关差异基因的表达，筛选差异表达基因的标准为：上调基因P＜0.05，且log2比值＞1，下调基因P＜0.05，且log2比值＜-1。应用实时荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）测定肺组织Janus激酶（JAK）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）的mRNA表达水平。结果与正常组比较，模型组差异表达基因STAT5〔log2（正常组/模型组）＝2.32〕、白细胞介素-4受体亚单位〔IL4RA，log2（正常组/模型组）＝4.77〕、白细胞介素-12受体〔IL12R， log2（正常组/模型组）＝1.58〕、 JAK〔log2（正常组/模型组）＝2.41〕均明显上调，干扰素（IFN）明显下调〔log2（正常组/模型组）＝-1.45〕；与模型组比较，达菲对照组〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝1.51〕、方药各组〔log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝1.46，log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝1.72，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝1.40〕差异表达基因IFN明显上调，STAT5〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝-2.06，log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝-1.41， log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝-2.10，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝-1.89〕、IL4RA〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝-2.52，log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝-1.85，log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝-2.74，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝-1.39〕、IL12R〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝-1.48，log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝-0.10，log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝-1.58，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝-0.53〕、JAK〔log2（达菲对照组/模型组）＝-1.44， log2（方药低剂量组/模型组）＝-0.88，log2（方药中剂量组/模型组）＝-1.74，log2（方药高剂量组/模型组）＝-0.53〕明显下调，模型组JAK mRNA表达较对照组明显升高（2-ΔΔCt：3.17±0.94比1.01±0.13，P＜0.05）， IFN-γ mRNA表达较对照组明显降低（2-ΔΔCt：0.15±0.48比1.01±0.12，P＜0.05）；与模型组比较，达菲对照组和疏风宣肺方高、中剂量组JAK mRNA表达均明显降低（2-ΔΔCt：2.02±0.63、1.19±0.30、1.59±0.67比3.17±0.94，均P＜0.05），达菲对照组和疏风宣肺方高、中、低剂量组IFN-γ mRNA表达升高（2-ΔΔCt：0.61±0.12、0.41±0.13、0.85±0.14、0.78±0.20比0.15±0.48，均P＜0.05）。结论疏风宣肺解毒方可通过调节JAK-STAT通路和升高IFN-γ水平，调节辅助性T细胞1/2（Th1/2）的平衡，减轻肺组织免疫病理损伤。

Janus激酶抑制剂AG490对人视网膜母细胞瘤HXO-RB_(44)细胞JAK2/STAT3信号通路的影响

目的:研究Janus激酶(Janus kinase,JAK)抑制剂AG490对人视网膜母细胞瘤HXO-RB44细胞株体外抗增殖及细胞周期的作用,探讨其对JAK2/信号转导与转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)信号通路蛋白表达的影响。方法:本实验分为实验组和对照组,实验组又根据不同浓度(6.25,12.50,25.00,50.00,100.00,200.00μmol/L)的AG490处理分为6个不同浓度的实验组。采用细胞的活力测定法检测各组细胞增殖状态。应用流式细胞术对各组中细胞凋亡及周期进行分析。采用Western印迹检测处理后STAT3,p-STAT3及血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)蛋白的表达。结果:AG490处理HXO-RB44细胞株48 h后,随着药物浓度的增加,细胞抑制率增加,细胞存活率下降(均P<0.05)。除6.25μmol/L实验组外,其余5组与对照组两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。流式细胞术显示:随着AG490药物浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率呈逐渐增高趋势,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。其中,50.00和100.00μmol/L实验组G1期细胞比例显著增多,相应地处于S期的细胞比例减少。Western印迹显示:随着AG490药物浓度的增加,STAT3和p-STAT3蛋白的表达量逐渐下降,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);VEGF表达量逐渐下降,与对照组相比,6.25和12.50μmol/L实验组的VEGF差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),其余各实验组差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:JAK抑制剂AG490能抑制HXORB44细胞株生长及增殖,促进细胞的凋亡增加;并通过阻断JAK2/STAT3信号通路而下调STAT3,p-STAT3和VEGF的表达,从而抑制HXO-RB44细胞株的增殖,加速其凋亡。

益气养阴方对糖尿病肾病气阴两虚大鼠肾组织Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活子通路的影响

目的通过检测大鼠肾组织Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活子(Janus kinase/signal transducerand activator of transcription,JAK/STAT)的表达,探讨益气养阴方干预糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropa-thy,DN)气阴两虚证的机制。方法将33只大鼠随机分为正常组、DN组、DN气阴两虚组、西药组和中药组,采用链脲佐菌素复制DN模型,采用青皮、枳实、附子耗气伤阴复制气阴两虚模型,采用免疫组织化学法检测肾组织JAK1/3、STAT1的表达。结果与正常组比较,DN组和DN气阴两虚组JAK1/3和STAT1表达水平显著升高(P<0.01);中药组和西药组JAK1/3表达水平低于DN组和DN气阴两虚组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中药组和西药组STAT1表达水平显著低于DN组和DN气阴两虚组(P<0.05)。结论益气养阴中药可通过调节DN气阴两虚证大鼠肾组织JAK/STAT信号的异常表达,而发挥对早期肾脏损伤的防治作用。

Janus激酶/信号转导子和转录激活因子通路与创伤脓毒症的关系

Janus激酶 /信号转导子和转录激活因子 (JAK/STAT )通路因其简单的构成模式和独特的激活方式而备受关注 ,它参与了多种早期细胞因子的信号转导及调控过程 ,其中尤以IFN γ、IL 1、IL 6、IL 10、IL 4与JAK/STAT活化关系密切。新近研究发现 ,JAK/STAT通路对脓毒症晚期介质———高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)表达亦具有明显的调节作用 ,抑制该信号转导途径可下调HMGB1的表达 ,有利于防止创伤脓毒症所致器官功能损伤的发生与发展。深入了解JAK/STAT转导机制对于进一步认识脓毒症时炎症及免疫反应失调具有重要意义 ,可望为脓毒症的防治开辟新的干预途径。

丙泊酚对结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移及Janus激酶2/信号转导与转录激活子3信号通路的影响

目的:探讨丙泊酚对人结肠癌细胞株SW480侵袭、迁移的作用及对Janus激酶2/信号转导与转录激活子3(Janus kinase 2/signal transduction and transcriptional activator 3,JAK2/STAT3)信号通路的调控。方法:人结肠癌细胞株SW480分为空白对照组、丙泊酚处理组(又分为2,4,8μg/mL丙泊酚处理组)和丙泊酚+colivelin组,用乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)活性检测试剂盒检测LDH活性,用噻唑蓝(methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)法检测细胞增殖,用Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭,用蛋白质印迹法检测细胞中JAK2,磷酸化JAK2(p-JAK2),STAT3和磷酸化STAT3(p-STAT3)的蛋白表达量。结果:与空白对照组相比,丙泊酚处理组细胞株SW480的LDH活性显著升高(P<0.05),细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力以及p-JAK2和p-STAT3的表达均显著下降(均P<0.05)。与丙泊酚处理组相比,丙泊酚+colivelin组SW480细胞p-STAT3的表达水平、细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力均显著升高(均P<0.05)。结论:丙泊酚能够通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路而抑制人结肠癌细胞的增殖和转移。

基于Janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子信号通路的乙胺丁醇片对肺结核大鼠模型的作用机制

目的 探讨乙胺丁醇片(EMB)对肺结核(PTB)大鼠的治疗作用及其作用机制是否与Janus激酶(JAK)/信号转导和转录激活因子(STAT)信号通路有关。方法 将60只SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为对照组、PTB组、PTB+EMB组(30 mg/kg)、PTB+EMB+Colivelin(JAK/STAT通路激活剂)组(30 mg/kg+1 mg/kg),每组15只。除对照组外,其他组大鼠均通过注射0.2 ml 5 mg/ml的结核杆菌悬液构建PTB模型。建模成功后,进行连续4周(1次/d)的给药处理,检测大鼠在给药第1、14、28天时的体重变化;计数结核分枝杆菌菌落数;HE染色检测大鼠肺组织病理变化;ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清中白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-1β、γ干扰素水平;流式细胞术检测各组大鼠外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平;16S rRNA测序检测各组大鼠肠道菌群属水平的相对丰度;Western blot检测JAK/STAT通路相关蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,PTB组大鼠体重减轻(第14、28天时)、结核分枝杆菌菌落数增加,肺组织呈现出严重的病理学变化,血清中IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-1β水平、CD8^(+)、肠道菌群中拟杆菌属、消化球菌属、梭状芽孢杆菌属、放线菌属、乳酸杆菌科、疣微菌科、韦荣球菌科相对丰度及肺组织中磷酸化JAK2、磷酸化STAT3蛋白均显著升高,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、γ干扰素水平均显著降低(P均<0.001);与PTB组比较,PTB+EMB组大鼠体重增加(第14、28天时),结核分枝杆菌菌落数减少,肺组织病理损伤减轻,血清中IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-1β水平、CD8^(+)、肠道菌群中拟杆菌属、消化球菌属、梭状芽孢杆菌属、放线菌属、乳酸杆菌科、疣微菌科、韦荣球菌科相对丰度及肺组织中磷酸化JAK2、磷酸化STAT3蛋白均显著降低,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、γ干扰素水平均显著升高(P均<0.001);Colivelin减弱了EMB对肺结核大鼠模型感染的改善作用(P均<0.001)。结论 EMB可通过抑制JAK/STAT信号通路改善肺结核大鼠模型的感染。

Janus激酶/信号传导和转录激活蛋白3通路阻断对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑病的影响

目的探讨Janus激酶/信号传导和转录激活蛋白3(JAK/STAT3)通路阻断对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的影响,为HIE的基因治疗提供依据。方法将70只Wistar新生大鼠随机分为对照组(10只)、HIE组(30只)和干预组(30只)。HIE组和干预组新生大鼠制备HIE模型,对照组新生大鼠不制备HIE模型。干预组新生大鼠于造模前10 min腹腔注射JAK/STAT3信号通路阻断剂AG490 3 mg·kg^(-1)。HIE组和干预组新生大鼠分别于造模后6、48、72 h处死(每组每个时间点处死10只),对照组新生大鼠于48 h时全部处死,取大脑海马组织,采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察新生大鼠海马组织病理学改变,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测大鼠海马组织中微小RNA-21(miR-21)和STAT3 mRNA的表达。结果 HE染色显示,对照组新生大鼠海马组织中神经元和小胶质细胞的大小、形态均正常,未见细胞变性及水肿现象;HIE组新生大鼠海马组织中神经元体积增大,中度水肿,着色不均;干预组新生大鼠海马组织中神经元体积增大,中、重度水肿,着色不均,可见细胞核固缩,并见小胶质细胞轻度增生,间质水肿。造模后6、48、72 h,HIE组和干预组大鼠海马组织中miR-21、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),干预组大鼠海马组织中miR-21、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量显著低于HIE组(P<0.05)。HIE组和干预组大鼠造模后48 h时海马组织中miR-21、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量显著高于造模后6、72 h(P<0.05),HIE组和干预组大鼠造模后6 h与造模后72 h时海马组织中miR-21、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 HIE新生大鼠海马组织中STAT3 mRNA、miR-21表达升高可能对神经细胞起到应激性保护作用,这一作用可以被JAK/STAT3信号传导通路阻断剂AG490阻断。

先天性心脏病心肌肥厚患者心肌组织Janus激酶/信号转导子/转录激活子基因表达的变化及意义

目的:探讨人心室肥厚时心肌酪氨酸(Janus)激酶/信号转导子/转录激活子(JAKsSTATs)基因表达的改变及意义。方法:应用病理检查、放射免疫和蛋白印迹杂交等方法,比较心肌肥厚患者(心肌肥厚组)和正常人(对照组)心肌细胞直径、心肌间质胶原容积分数和心肌血管周围胶原面积、心脏局部血管紧张素II(Ang II)水平和心脏JAK1,2及STAT1,3蛋白表达差异。结果:心肌肥厚组心肌细胞直径、心肌间质胶原容积分数和心肌血管周围胶原面积比均明显比对照组增高(均P<0.01)。心肌肥厚组心肌组织匀浆液Ang II水平为(179.3±36.1)pg/mg心肌组织,对照组为(103.2±13.6)pg/mg心肌组织,与对照组比较,心肌肥厚组心肌组织Ang II水平明显增高(P<0.01)。心肌肥厚组心肌组织JAK1,2及STAT1,3蛋白表达明显增加(均P<0.01)。结论:JAKs-STATs信号通路可能参与了心肌细胞肥大和心肌纤维化过程。

生长激素不同刺激方式对肥胖大鼠Janus激酶/信号转导及转录激活因子信号通路的影响

目的比较生长激素不同刺激方式对肥胖大鼠Janus激酶(JAK)/信号转导及转录激活因子(STAT)信号通路的影响。方法将78只大鼠采用超高脂饲料饲养4周建立肥胖模型。将建模成功的60只肥胖大鼠随机分为A、B、C、D组,分别肌肉注射磷酸盐缓冲液、重组人生长激素(rh GH) 0. 1 IU/(g·d)、rh GH0. 2 IU/(g·d)、rhGH 0. 3 IU/(g·d),2周后处死,其中每组选取7只在处死前30 min注射1 IU/g的rh GH。取大鼠肝脏、肾脏及皮下脂肪组织,检测JAK2及STAT5 mRNA表达水平。结果 B、C、D组大鼠的JAK及STAT5 mRNA相对表达水平较A组低(均P <0. 05),并随着rh GH剂量的增加而降低(均P <0. 05)。各组内处死前注射rhGH及未经处理的大鼠间JAK及STAT5 mRNA相对表达水平差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论 RhCH慢性刺激可抑制肥胖大鼠肝细胞的JAK/STAT5信号转导通路,且随着刺激剂量的提高其抑制作用有上升趋势,但在此基础上rhCH快速刺激则无显著作用。

Janus激酶-信号转导及转录激活因子信号转导通路调控神经发生

Janus激酶-信号转导及转录激活因子(JAK-STAT)信号转导通路与细胞生物学活动及许多疾病的发生、发展相关。近年来,在中枢神经系统中发现,JAK-STAT信号转导通路对于神经退行性疾病和神经损伤后神经再生具有一定的调控作用;而促进内源性神经发生作为神经再生研究的新方向,也与JAK-STAT信号转导通路的正负调控密切相关。现就JAK-STAT信号转导通路,神经发生,以及JAK-STAT信号转导通路调控神经发生的研究进展做一综述。

基于Janus激酶2/信号转导和转录激活因子3信号通路探讨参苓白术散对溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠炎症抑制作用研究

目的:探讨基于Janus激酶2(JAK2)/信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号通路探讨参苓白术散对溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠炎症抑制作用研究。方法:选SPF级健康雄性SD大鼠65只,随机分为对照组(n=12)和造模组(n=53)。造模组采用免疫复合法复制溃疡性结肠炎模型,对照组以相同方式给予等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。采用随机数字表法,对成功复制模型的大鼠进行分组,分别是模型组、参苓白术散低、高浓度组及阳性对照组,各12只。模型组及对照组灌胃给予蒸馏水10 ml/kg,1次/d;阳性对照组灌胃给予3 mg/ml美沙拉嗪溶液10 ml/kg,1次/d;参苓白术散低、高浓度组分别灌胃给予1.2 g/ml、2.4 g/ml参苓白术散药液10 ml/kg,1次/d。各组大鼠均给药3周。检测比较各组结肠黏膜损伤指数(CMDI)评分、结肠组织学损伤指数(TDI)评分、血清炎症因子水平,以及结肠组织JAK、STAT3表达水平。结果:与模型组比较,各组大鼠结肠组织CMDI评分较低,TDI评分较低,血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平较低,结肠组织JAK、STAT3表达水平较低,且参苓白术散低浓度组>阳性对照组>参苓白术散高浓度组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与模型组比较,血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平较高,且参苓白术散低浓度组<阳性对照组<参苓白术散高浓度组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:参苓白术散能减轻溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠黏膜损伤,调节炎症相关细胞因子IL-6、IL-10释放,减轻炎症反应,其作用可能与抑制JAK/STAT3信号通路活性有关。

Janus激酶抑制剂治疗特应性皮炎的研究进展

特应性皮炎是一种与表皮屏障功能受损以及免疫功能失衡有关的慢性炎症性皮肤病,其发病与Janus激酶(JAK)-信号转导与转录激活因子(STAT)信号通路密切相关。通过阻断白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-13、IL-31等相关细胞因子介导的JAK-STAT信号通路,影响下游基因的表达,从而对特应性皮炎起治疗作用。本文对近年来JAK-STAT信号通路参与特应性皮炎发病机制的研究以及JAK抑制剂在特应性皮炎中的应用进行综述。