The present study aimed to clarify the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children undergoing medical procedures in pediatric nursing in Japan as compared with that in Germany. An original q...The present study aimed to clarify the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children undergoing medical procedures in pediatric nursing in Japan as compared with that in Germany. An original questionnaire about the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children in hospitals was distributed by mail to nurses’ working on Japanese pediatric wards in 2010. The same questionnaire, translated into German, was distributed to nurses working on German pediatric wards via the internet in 2010. A large majority of respondents strongly agreed that children have a right to informed consent. German nurses expressed a longer-term viewpoint on the effects of preparation than Japanese nurses. Japanese nurses recognized a greater need for improvement in their duties than German nurses. The results suggest that we should consider our own country’s nursing practices and need for improvement, but also learn from studies of other countries to address each culture and medical situation appropriately.展开更多
As shown in the agricultural development experience of various countries in the world,the agricultural operating entity has become an effective means to increase the agricultural production efficiency and establish a ...As shown in the agricultural development experience of various countries in the world,the agricultural operating entity has become an effective means to increase the agricultural production efficiency and establish a scientific management model.Promoting the continuous improvement of the modern agricultural management system is not only an important means for solving the three rural issues in China,but also a key measure to enhance China's agricultural competitiveness.This paper introduced the basic situation of agricultural operating entities in Japan and Germany,summarized their advanced experience,and finally came up with feasible recommendations for enhancing the competitive advantages of agricultural operating entities in China.展开更多
This article deals with reciprocity requirement for recognition of foreign judgments in Japan. Following German law, Japanese law requires reciprocity to the rendering state in addition to the jurisdiction of the stat...This article deals with reciprocity requirement for recognition of foreign judgments in Japan. Following German law, Japanese law requires reciprocity to the rendering state in addition to the jurisdiction of the state, the service of process, and the compatibility with Japanese public policy. Although Japanese courts have rarely refused the recognition of foreign judgments for lack of reciprocity for a long time, some Chinese judgments recently have not been recognized for this reason. The author clarifies first with historical review what was the purpose of the Japanese legislator, when the original law of 1890 required the reciprocity by international treaties, and when later the reform law of 1926 required the simple reciprocity that is similarly provided in the current law. The author surveys then the Japanese case law concerning the reciprocity requirement after the reform of 1926. The author focuses further on the reciprocity between Japan and China and compares the Japanese practice with the German one that led to a different result. Last, it is concluded that the reciprocity requirement is contrary to the protection of human rights under Japanese constitution.展开更多
文摘The present study aimed to clarify the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children undergoing medical procedures in pediatric nursing in Japan as compared with that in Germany. An original questionnaire about the current status and awareness of psychological preparation for children in hospitals was distributed by mail to nurses’ working on Japanese pediatric wards in 2010. The same questionnaire, translated into German, was distributed to nurses working on German pediatric wards via the internet in 2010. A large majority of respondents strongly agreed that children have a right to informed consent. German nurses expressed a longer-term viewpoint on the effects of preparation than Japanese nurses. Japanese nurses recognized a greater need for improvement in their duties than German nurses. The results suggest that we should consider our own country’s nursing practices and need for improvement, but also learn from studies of other countries to address each culture and medical situation appropriately.
基金Supported by 2019 Special Program of Beijing New Countryside Construction Research Base(PXM2019-014207-000016)2020 Connotation Development Quota Project-Talent Training Quality Improvement Fund-Agricultural Economics Course Group Teaching Team Building(5046516642/035)Talent Cultivation Quality Construction-High-level Talent Cross-Cultivation Plan-Practical Training Plan(Municipal Level)(PXM2020-014207-000009).
文摘As shown in the agricultural development experience of various countries in the world,the agricultural operating entity has become an effective means to increase the agricultural production efficiency and establish a scientific management model.Promoting the continuous improvement of the modern agricultural management system is not only an important means for solving the three rural issues in China,but also a key measure to enhance China's agricultural competitiveness.This paper introduced the basic situation of agricultural operating entities in Japan and Germany,summarized their advanced experience,and finally came up with feasible recommendations for enhancing the competitive advantages of agricultural operating entities in China.
文摘This article deals with reciprocity requirement for recognition of foreign judgments in Japan. Following German law, Japanese law requires reciprocity to the rendering state in addition to the jurisdiction of the state, the service of process, and the compatibility with Japanese public policy. Although Japanese courts have rarely refused the recognition of foreign judgments for lack of reciprocity for a long time, some Chinese judgments recently have not been recognized for this reason. The author clarifies first with historical review what was the purpose of the Japanese legislator, when the original law of 1890 required the reciprocity by international treaties, and when later the reform law of 1926 required the simple reciprocity that is similarly provided in the current law. The author surveys then the Japanese case law concerning the reciprocity requirement after the reform of 1926. The author focuses further on the reciprocity between Japan and China and compares the Japanese practice with the German one that led to a different result. Last, it is concluded that the reciprocity requirement is contrary to the protection of human rights under Japanese constitution.
