New onset atrial fibrillation following sub-Tenon's anaesthesia

Dear Sir,We write to report a case of new onset atrial fibrillation following sub-Tenon’s block.Cataract surgery is nowadays mostly performed as a day case procedure with 95.5%of surgery performed under local anaesthesia.This can be done with sub-Tenon’s,retrobulbar,peribulbar,intracameral or topical anaesthesia[1].Sub-Tenon’s anaesthesia involves opening the conjunctiva and tenon’s

Measures and Strategic Conception of Japan to Deal with the Russia–Ukraine Crisis

After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring countries of Ukraine around sanctions against Russia based on strategic considerations and the goal of maximizing national interests. Japan regarded this conflict as an important opportunity for an international strategic game, in an attempt to move and overturn the postwar international order and reconstruct the new global order with the U.S., Europe, and Japan as the core countries dominating the military, science and technology, and economic spheres. In response to the crisis, Japan made a brief policy adjustment—from the initial hesitation to the imposition of active sanctions and pressure on Russia—to reverse the passive situation on the issue of the Four Northern Islands and weaken Russia’s strength. Japan also took the opportunity to promote the “China threat theory”;strengthen the quadrilateral mechanism between the U.S., Japan, India, and Australia;provoke regional confrontation;and try to gain a new Cold War dividend.

Outcomes of administrative involuntary hospitalization: A national retrospective cohort study in Japan

BACKGROUND Treatment for offenders with mental disorders is a key concern in public mental health.Provision of adequate psychiatric treatment is important for the offender and their community.An approach used in Japan to address this issue is administrative involuntary hospitalization.Under this scheme,a person at risk for harming themselves or others because of a mental disorder can be involuntarily hospitalized in a designated psychiatric hospital.However,this scheme does not include tracking of these patients after discharge.Although some data for administrative involuntary hospitalizations are available,it remains unclear what happens to these patients after discharge.AIM To evaluate follow-up of patients under administrative involuntary hospitalization after discharge and obtain data for later comparisons with outcomes.METHODS We used a retrospective design and conducted a national survey of administrative involuntary hospitalizations.Questionnaires were distributed to 939 facilities across Japan.The questionnaire collected data for selected involuntary hospitalization cases in the hospital on June 30,2010(census date),and the prognoses of each patient on a specified date in 2011 and 2012.We also asked about the treatment provided to each patient.We stratified patients by prognosis(good or poor),and used logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between treatment and prognosis.RESULTS We received completed questionnaires from 292 facilities(response rate 31.1%);105 facilities had no relevant patients.Our analysis included data for 394 patients with valid data.Official statistics indicated 1503 patients were under administrative involuntary hospitalization as at June 30,2012,meaning the capture rate was 27.2%.Approximately a fourth(104/394)at 1 year,and a third(137/294)at 2 years after the census had unknown prognosis.Treatment content included multi-disciplinary team meetings(78.2%of patients),counseling by public workers(59.9%),and discussion with external specialists(32.5%).Overall,116 patients were categorized as having a good prognosis at 1 year,and 168 had a poor prognosis.At the 2-year point,102 patients had a good prognosis and 150 had a poor prognosis.“Discussion with external specialists”was positively associated with a good prognosis at both 1 year(P=0.016)and 2 years(P=0.036).CONCLUSION We found that facilities in Japan currently have limited ability to track the prognoses of patients who were hospitalized involuntarily.Discussion with external specialists is associated with a good prognosis.

Japan’s Politics and Diplomacy after DPJ Took Power

Great changes occurred to the Japanese power structure as DPJ had taken power. The new government in Japan is now headed by DPJ and its alliance–Social Democratic Party and People's New Party, substituting for LDP-Komeito coalition government, an alternation of two conservative parties, though not in a strict sense of the two-party alternation. The election intensified the conservative politics in general, though different from the hawk conservative force in the post-cold war period. The Japanese political currents see a trend of 'de-rightwardization'. This will help to improve Japan’s relations with its Asian neighbors. Yukio Hatoyama calls for building 'fraternity society' and fostering 'fraternity' spirit in diplomatic affairs. He is for the view of attaching equal importance to U.S. and Asia.

Japan's Military Transformation and Sino-Japanese Military Relations

Military reform, which is led by the U. S. and sweeping its way to the rest of the world, has now become one of the hottest topics in inter- national military arena. Japan makes no exception. The reconstruction of its military forces, which is still in progress, is concentrated on the following two aspects. One is the enlargement of the functions of the Self-Defense Forces (SDF). Participation in overseas operations is in-

Reform of Japan’s Land Planning and Implications to China

This paper first briefly summarized the current state of exploration and construction of China’s land space planning.Then,it analyzed Japan’s land planning reform,studied its spatial planning process and explored relevant reform paths to obtain relevant experience.Through analyzing and summarizing the experience in the exploration of Japan’s land space planning in combination with China’s specific national conditions,it is intended to draw implications for China’s land space planning in the new era,in order to provide references for the future operation of related actual projects of land planning and exploration of related strategic theories.

Viewing Japan's Trend from "Koizumi Politics"

The words like "Hashimoto Politics" and "Obuchi Politics" are seldom heard since the 1990s. But changes in political and economic areas demonstrate that the existence of "Koizumi Politics" and its impact can be felt indeed in the past couple of years. It is hard to tell whether Koizumi could successfully promote economic reform and pep up the long-depressed economy. However, Koizumi has launched a

Japan's State Strategy vs. Anti-Terrorism

The September 11 event upset Japan’s diplomatic agenda and ushered in a strategic restructuring with the focus on anti-terrorism and the top priority given to ties with Washington. Its new diplomacy against terror stresses three aspects: policy towards Washington for ensuring strategic center

Japanese Stock Price Determination： What Is Important？

This paper analyzes empirically the relationship between recent Japanese stock prices and macroeconomic variables For the Japanese stock prices, the level and rate of that are both used for analysis. The results show that exchange rates have not been a significant determinant of the ＂level＂ of Japanese stock prices, but on the other hand, have been a significant determinant of its ＂rate＂. The ＂rate＂ has been used to analyze determinants of the stock prices. However, it is dangerous to use it without taking into account its level. Many stock traders usually look at the level. Interest rates, especially the domestic interest rate, have not impacted the Japanese stock prices. Japanese interest rates have been quite low as the Bank of Japan has implemented quantitative easing instead of interest-based policies. Recently, the U.S. stock prices, particularly in the first few days after a change, have been significantly influencing the Japanese stock prices.

Agricultural policy reforms and WTO commitments on domestic support in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of Japan＇s agricultural domestic policy since 1995 in the context of the current international negotiations in the WTO Doha Round, which has as one aim further reductions of trade-distorting support among member countries. Apparently, Japan＇s attitude towards agricultural domestic policy reform is one of compliance with the WTO, which requests member countries to reduce their Aggregate Measure of Support （AMS） through trimming trade-distorting （amber box） support and/or transforming traditional-type agricultural subsidies to decoupled-type ones. Japan reduced its amber box support by nearly 80 percent between 1995 and 2000. This drastic reduction is mainly attributable to Japan＇s removal of rice from the amber box in 1998. In addition, following the WTO＇s principle of decoupling, Japan launched an extensive agricultural subsidy reform in 2007. This paper, however, shows the ironical realities of Japanese agricultural policy. Neither a sharp reduction of amber box support nor Japan＇s 2007 reform necessarily means there will be a reduction of trade-distorting effects. On the contrary, the 2007 reform may in fact stimulate domestic rice production.

The Rise of Women’s Education and the Modernity of East Asia:Focusing on the Education of“Virtuous Wives and Worthy Mothers”in China and Japan

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan.Looking back on the past and forward to the future,we realize modernity has become a critical issue that not only China and Japan,but the whole East Asian region should pay attention to.China and Japan are both within the“Circle of Confucius Culture”and are both modern latecomer countries.As they were coerced by western countries to enter the modern age,they shared multiple common features.An exploration of the two countries’respective rising of modern women’s education is an important path to discuss the reconstruction of gender and an important method of the course of the embodiment of east-Asian women into modernization drives.With regards to conclusion,entering the modern age,Chinese and Japanese intellectuals reshaped the female gender in terms of interpersonal relationship,value system,and knowledge structure by advocating the idea of“virtuous wives and worthy mothers”education.In the concept of virtuous wives and worthy mothers in East Asia,the Confucian ethics of“docility and virtue”is the soul,and modern scientific knowledge serves this core value.On the other hand,in the course of localization in China and Japan,this imported concept from the West has encountered a completely different historical fate.

JAPAN＇S READJUSTMENT OF CHINA POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT TREND OF CHINA-JAPAN RELATIONSHIP

China-Japan Relationship is a very special bilateral tie in international relations since it＇s a matter of regional peace and stability. The Abe administration has long pursued a ＂bet-hedging＂ strategy towards China. Although it claims that it attaches great importance to the ties between Japan and China, it pursues ＂Strategic Diplomacy＂ and ＂Value-oriented Diplomacy＂ to hype up the so-called ＂China Threat＂ in international community. It not only makes China-Japan relations to continuously fall into a vicious circle of＂repeated deterioration＂, but also become an uncertainty for peace and stability in East Asia and the regional security. In addition, it reflects the ＂diplomacy dilemma＂ of the Abe administration＇s China policy.

An Analysis of Japanese Economy and Labor Market From Disparities by Gender and Employment Types of Lifetime and Annual Income,Public Pension Benefit and Redistribution

The purpose of this study is the maintenance of Japan’s economy by labor economics and public finance.I analyze(1)considering differences by gender and employment type by labor economics of applied microeconomics,and also(2)considering income,tax and social insurance obligations,and public pension benefits by public finance.1.In Japan,a regular employee has more men than women,and an irregular employee has more women than men.2.Japan’s current significant economic issues are rapidly decreasing population and other.3.All people from 20 years old pay the public pension insurance every month,and all people about from 70 years old can receive public pension benefit every month.4.The average lifespan is 100 years old,and a woman is higher than a man.Using individual data from the Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications'"National Survey of Income and Expenditure",I conducted an analysis on both an annual and lifetime basis of male and female workers from their 20s to 60s who are regular or irregular employees in the labor market.Furthermore,I studied men and women in from their 70s to 100 years old who receive public pension benefits.

Koizumi's Yasukuni Visits,China-Japan Relations And Japan's International Image

Early on the morning of August 15, 2006, which was the 61st anniversary of Japan’s surrender in the Second World War, Junichiro Koizumi dressed himself up in a formal tuxedo jacket with coattails and paid his sixth and also the last visit to the Yasukuni Shrine in his official capacity as Japan’s prime minister. Koizumi’s deliberate action taken amidst the strong protests from people both in and outside Japan has