The Jewish narratives in Shakespearean drama can be seen as a reflective projection of the playwright’s thoughts on the country’s maritime industry. In the latter half of the 16th century, the government adopted an ...The Jewish narratives in Shakespearean drama can be seen as a reflective projection of the playwright’s thoughts on the country’s maritime industry. In the latter half of the 16th century, the government adopted an expansion policy in the economy, and the Elizabethan government established trade relations with Turkey, which secured the Mediterranean’s irreplaceable position in English trade. As a result, English playwrights of the time started to focus on the Mediterranean trade circle to cater to England’s trade policy. At the same time, as Jews played a crucial role in the Mediterranean trade circle during this period, these playwrights affirmed the positive role of the maritime industry by endowing Jews with wealthy merchant identities, which alleviated the anxiety of the public towards the maritime industry and catering to the state’s trade expansion policy.展开更多
Ever since the establishment of Israeli statehood in 1948, the United States has been its staunch supporter. This is because of their common beliefs in values, political system and ideology, and America’s interests i...Ever since the establishment of Israeli statehood in 1948, the United States has been its staunch supporter. This is because of their common beliefs in values, political system and ideology, and America’s interests in the Middle East. However one important factor cannot be ignored., the influence of Jewish Americans’ political forces on U. S. Middle East policy. Since few articles deal with such a topic systematically in China, this essay tries to make a preliminary study on it.展开更多
As one of the most significant American Jewish writers in the 20th century, Saul Bellow was influenced by the Jewish tradition and American mainstream thoughts in his writing creations. The conflicts and amalgamation ...As one of the most significant American Jewish writers in the 20th century, Saul Bellow was influenced by the Jewish tradition and American mainstream thoughts in his writing creations. The conflicts and amalgamation between these two different cultures in his novels indicate that Bellow not only adheres to the Jewish traditional culture, but also breaks through the narrowmindedness of it.展开更多
This paper will focus on Judeo-Chirstian Value and its significant influence on American culture throughout American history,such as in American Revolution,Declaration of Independence,and World War II.The Judeo-Christ...This paper will focus on Judeo-Chirstian Value and its significant influence on American culture throughout American history,such as in American Revolution,Declaration of Independence,and World War II.The Judeo-Christen Value reveals how America makes use of the Hebrew cultural heritage to shape itself and stand firm throughout the history.Meanwhile this essay will explore what is the relationship between Jews and Americans.After paragraphs,it can be concluded that,Americans favor Judeo-Christian Value and they are friendly to be Jews in history,from all the evidence following.展开更多
The Yiddish language originated in Ashkenazi culture and is spoken by Ashkenai Jewish who are thought to be the descendants of Rhineland Jews. For years, it was carried to many parts of the world with the migration of...The Yiddish language originated in Ashkenazi culture and is spoken by Ashkenai Jewish who are thought to be the descendants of Rhineland Jews. For years, it was carried to many parts of the world with the migration of these Ashkenazi Jewish and a real version of ups and downs of the people. It was once considered as a dialect of German rather than an independent language, which many scholars of Ashkenazi Jewish origin managed to get rid of. It aims to give a brief introduction to this language and try to trace back its origin and development so as to bring a brief senario of the Ashkenazi Jewish's striving for their identity. Having read and study literatures about this language, a conclusion can be reached that Yiddish language means"the mother tongue of Jewish people"which reflects Jewish cultural life and finally prove its value that it deserved in fields of linguistics and literature through centuries-long wax and wane.展开更多
This research aims to check the assumption that the cultural icons of Jewish communities in Islamic countries,in the Mediterranean Basin during the early Middle-Ages,were Jewish poets,or at least rhyming experts and p...This research aims to check the assumption that the cultural icons of Jewish communities in Islamic countries,in the Mediterranean Basin during the early Middle-Ages,were Jewish poets,or at least rhyming experts and poetry“technicians”.Through vast study of Genizah documents,in the purpose of outlining the shape of the leadership of Jewish communities in these Islamic countries,I realized that all leaders whose portraits I have studied,out of hundreds of letters and documents—were poem writers.Some of them were real poets,who created poems and liturgics of rare poetic qualities,and some were mere“technicians”who joined rhymes according to accepted rules of their time.By looking at those“technicians”poems,it seems that the writing has cost them a considerable mental effort,and yet they continued with the poem writing.The assumption is that in order to become a role model or a cultural hero,as we call it today,the leaders had to write poems and use them as a means for political and social advancement.展开更多
The research literature on the topic of leisure indicates that leisure is perceived variably by different sectors and cultures.In Israel,affiliation with a certain religious group affects one’s perception of leisure....The research literature on the topic of leisure indicates that leisure is perceived variably by different sectors and cultures.In Israel,affiliation with a certain religious group affects one’s perception of leisure.The uniqueness of the current study involves the function of the synagogue as an influential element in Jewish leisure culture.The synagogue is not only a place of prayer,rather also a place of convening and gathering where many varied activities take place,beyond prayer.In practice,over the generations,the synagogue served as a site of leisure activities and as a means of enhancing unity and communal life in Jewish society both in Israel and elsewhere.The current study examines differences in perceptions of the synagogue as a place of prayer and as a place of leisure by worshippers and others.The study included 387 participants,who defined themselves as secular,traditional,religious,or ultra-Orthodox.The research findings indicate no difference between secular and religious participants with regard to their perception of the synagogue as a place of leisure,namely,the synagogue is not perceived as a place of leisure rather as a place of prayer.Moreover,a negative association was found between religiosity and participant’s perception of the synagogue as a place of leisure;the more religious the participants the more they thought that the synagogue is utilized less as a place of leisure(and more as a place of prayer).Finally,the study showed a different gender-related attitude to the synagogue as a place of leisure,where men more than women perceive the synagogue as a place of leisure.The current study illuminates a site of leisure activity that has undergone an essential change from a religious place to one that bears communal-cultural-national significance,although it is not perceived as such by the various sectors within Israeli society.A discrepancy was found between actual practices and perception of the synagogue as a place of worship,where in practice the synagogue is used to celebrate dates with collective significance(for example,Jewish holidays)and to note events that are meaningful to the individual(such as marriages,bar mitzvahs,and births).This is an initial study that can lead to further research,which will continue to explore the perceptions of the Jewish population regarding the synagogue as a place with communal and personal significance,during leisure time as well.The synagogue as a site of leisure culture has the potential to unite the various sectors.展开更多
Mendel, a survivor of Auschwitz who lives in Israel, remains silent for 40 years after his traumatic experiences. However, Mendel, for no reason that his daughter Bella, also a survivor, can discern, begins to testify...Mendel, a survivor of Auschwitz who lives in Israel, remains silent for 40 years after his traumatic experiences. However, Mendel, for no reason that his daughter Bella, also a survivor, can discern, begins to testify to his horrific ordeals during the Holocaust at putatively inopportune times, such as religious holidays and family celebrations. When his granddaughter Hayuta plans an engagement party, the social and historical incongruities of the Holocaust in the context of contemporary Israeli society become apparent. Ordinary pleasures are matters of moral obloquy in the face of the unfathomable black hole of the Holocaust. While critics have charged Mendel＇s daughter with preoccupation with invidious social climbing and his granddaughter Hayuta with moral reprehensible compartmentalization of her historical and familial existences, Liebrecht unwittingly implies that historical trauma has very diverse and inexplicable effects on different family members： Some, like the daughter Bella, eventually wish to hear more about the experiences of her father （while feeling that his words will “ruin” her social life）, while Hayutaand Shifra his danghter-in-law react by shunning the speech of Mendel, which they experience as ruining their quotidian happiness.展开更多
In medieval times,translators of Judaeo-Arabic literature living in Islamic lands were fluent in Arabic as this was the lingua franca and,in many cases,their mother tongue.This is only rarely the case for the contempo...In medieval times,translators of Judaeo-Arabic literature living in Islamic lands were fluent in Arabic as this was the lingua franca and,in many cases,their mother tongue.This is only rarely the case for the contemporary scholar.This creates enormous challenges for the modern translators of their works.However,this challenge is an opportunity to bridge cultural and historical gaps by increased accuracy the hallmark of modern scholarship.This interdisciplinary discourse establishes the co-religious Dasein.The research tools which demand knowledge not only of Jewish sources but rather of Islamic texts allow for greater appreciation of contacting influences.Rav Y.al-Barceloni of the 12th century,among others,translated into Hebrew several works of the Geonim with his own halakhic interpretations,interpolations,and expansions.When scholars come today to comprehend anew,these compilations they paradoxically are more reflective of the original text than scholars of the middle ages who were contemporaneous with these texts.Nonetheless insofar as the translations are into Hebrew,they produce insular affect on the cultural product,leaving it within the Jewish fold.This fact forces scholars who desire to communicate with the broader audience to publish their results in European languages.In mediaeval studies,this is not as often as one thinks.展开更多
Based on rhetorical research methods of the unreliability,the paper intends to explore the unreliable narrative strategies of the narrator in Grace Paley's The Loudest Voice from the perspectives of the Wayne Boot...Based on rhetorical research methods of the unreliability,the paper intends to explore the unreliable narrative strategies of the narrator in Grace Paley's The Loudest Voice from the perspectives of the Wayne Booth's criterion of the distance between the narrator and the implied author and James Phelan's extension of unreliability on the basis of classical rhetorical narratology,point⁃ing out that the unreliability serves as the narrative trap which is set up to reveal the inner theme of the work:"The loudest voice"-what the protagonist thought she certainly possessed was only her illusion instead of the truth,and Eastern European Jewish com⁃munity was de facto marginalized by the mainstream culture at that time.展开更多
From 1942 to 1945 more than 15,000 Jewish children passed through Terezin,a former military garrison set up as a ghetto.It soon became a transition station for hundreds of thousands of Jews on their way to the gas cha...From 1942 to 1945 more than 15,000 Jewish children passed through Terezin,a former military garrison set up as a ghetto.It soon became a transition station for hundreds of thousands of Jews on their way to the gas chambers of Auschwitz.While most of the children imprisoned at Terezin perished at Auschwitz,some of their stories of life during the Holocaust are preserved in drawings and poems,published in the book,I Never Saw Another Butterfly. When Terezin was liberated in 1945,only about 100 children were alive to return to what was left of their lives.展开更多
Museums commonly adopt storytelling in their interpretive framework by use of audiovisual techniques to convey the meanings contained within artifacts. In addition to audiovisual mediation, this study demonstrates the...Museums commonly adopt storytelling in their interpretive framework by use of audiovisual techniques to convey the meanings contained within artifacts. In addition to audiovisual mediation, this study demonstrates the idea that museum architecture itself can also be re,larded as a medium of spatial storytelling, specifically of historical time, which is manifested spatially and cognitively for museum visitors. The Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum （YVHHM） in Jerusalem is considered a spatial storytelling tool that successfully establishes an architectural dimension and thus displays, reveals, and interprets historical time during the Holocaust. The research method of this study is drawn from a case study of YVHHM and consists of a Literature review of schotarship in museum studies about artifacts and exhibition techniques of storytelling. The study concludes that the architectural space and landscape of YVHHM create a primary example of Jewish space and its specific engaeements with historical time by use of spatial layout and circulation, spatial form and symbolization, and spatial qualities of lighting and material. These components construct a tangjble, sacred, and cultural artifact; such artifact inherits, preserves, and records Yad Vashem, Modern Jerusalem, and the Nation of Israel and is an ideal physical and spiritual ＂home＂ for Jewish people worldwide.展开更多
This paper examines the human relational patterns presented in the philosophical writings of the Confucian thinker Dai Zhen (戴震1724-77) and the Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas’s (1906-95) Totality and Infinity ...This paper examines the human relational patterns presented in the philosophical writings of the Confucian thinker Dai Zhen (戴震1724-77) and the Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas’s (1906-95) Totality and Infinity to uncover the ethical significance of the father-son relationship. I argue that for both thinkers the father-son relation is not just one type of human relationship among other social dyads, but rather, of greater significance, serves as the paradigmatic model of the ethical human relationship in bringing to light the idea of the ethical self as a responsible being in relation to others.展开更多
This paper explores the main legal aspects of filial piety in Israel.Based on a socio-legal study,it traces a significant gap between the law in the books,which mandates that children support their parents financially...This paper explores the main legal aspects of filial piety in Israel.Based on a socio-legal study,it traces a significant gap between the law in the books,which mandates that children support their parents financially if the latter cannot support themselves,and the law in action,which narrows this obligation to cases in which the parents must be cared for in a State nursing home.The study also highlights the relevance of religious and cultural norms in shaping filial piety in multicultural countries and thus points to the urgent need to tailor filial piety legal policies according to socially constructed,actual,and diverse filial piety perceptions and practices.展开更多
The book under review presently is a pathbreaking achievement in Chinese scholars’ study of Jewish history. It is not a common account of the chronicle of Jewish history, but a profound study of the Jewish historical...The book under review presently is a pathbreaking achievement in Chinese scholars’ study of Jewish history. It is not a common account of the chronicle of Jewish history, but a profound study of the Jewish historical evolvement from the dimensions of state morphology, historical viewpoints and collective memory.展开更多
文摘The Jewish narratives in Shakespearean drama can be seen as a reflective projection of the playwright’s thoughts on the country’s maritime industry. In the latter half of the 16th century, the government adopted an expansion policy in the economy, and the Elizabethan government established trade relations with Turkey, which secured the Mediterranean’s irreplaceable position in English trade. As a result, English playwrights of the time started to focus on the Mediterranean trade circle to cater to England’s trade policy. At the same time, as Jews played a crucial role in the Mediterranean trade circle during this period, these playwrights affirmed the positive role of the maritime industry by endowing Jews with wealthy merchant identities, which alleviated the anxiety of the public towards the maritime industry and catering to the state’s trade expansion policy.
文摘Ever since the establishment of Israeli statehood in 1948, the United States has been its staunch supporter. This is because of their common beliefs in values, political system and ideology, and America’s interests in the Middle East. However one important factor cannot be ignored., the influence of Jewish Americans’ political forces on U. S. Middle East policy. Since few articles deal with such a topic systematically in China, this essay tries to make a preliminary study on it.
文摘As one of the most significant American Jewish writers in the 20th century, Saul Bellow was influenced by the Jewish tradition and American mainstream thoughts in his writing creations. The conflicts and amalgamation between these two different cultures in his novels indicate that Bellow not only adheres to the Jewish traditional culture, but also breaks through the narrowmindedness of it.
文摘This paper will focus on Judeo-Chirstian Value and its significant influence on American culture throughout American history,such as in American Revolution,Declaration of Independence,and World War II.The Judeo-Christen Value reveals how America makes use of the Hebrew cultural heritage to shape itself and stand firm throughout the history.Meanwhile this essay will explore what is the relationship between Jews and Americans.After paragraphs,it can be concluded that,Americans favor Judeo-Christian Value and they are friendly to be Jews in history,from all the evidence following.
文摘The Yiddish language originated in Ashkenazi culture and is spoken by Ashkenai Jewish who are thought to be the descendants of Rhineland Jews. For years, it was carried to many parts of the world with the migration of these Ashkenazi Jewish and a real version of ups and downs of the people. It was once considered as a dialect of German rather than an independent language, which many scholars of Ashkenazi Jewish origin managed to get rid of. It aims to give a brief introduction to this language and try to trace back its origin and development so as to bring a brief senario of the Ashkenazi Jewish's striving for their identity. Having read and study literatures about this language, a conclusion can be reached that Yiddish language means"the mother tongue of Jewish people"which reflects Jewish cultural life and finally prove its value that it deserved in fields of linguistics and literature through centuries-long wax and wane.
文摘This research aims to check the assumption that the cultural icons of Jewish communities in Islamic countries,in the Mediterranean Basin during the early Middle-Ages,were Jewish poets,or at least rhyming experts and poetry“technicians”.Through vast study of Genizah documents,in the purpose of outlining the shape of the leadership of Jewish communities in these Islamic countries,I realized that all leaders whose portraits I have studied,out of hundreds of letters and documents—were poem writers.Some of them were real poets,who created poems and liturgics of rare poetic qualities,and some were mere“technicians”who joined rhymes according to accepted rules of their time.By looking at those“technicians”poems,it seems that the writing has cost them a considerable mental effort,and yet they continued with the poem writing.The assumption is that in order to become a role model or a cultural hero,as we call it today,the leaders had to write poems and use them as a means for political and social advancement.
文摘The research literature on the topic of leisure indicates that leisure is perceived variably by different sectors and cultures.In Israel,affiliation with a certain religious group affects one’s perception of leisure.The uniqueness of the current study involves the function of the synagogue as an influential element in Jewish leisure culture.The synagogue is not only a place of prayer,rather also a place of convening and gathering where many varied activities take place,beyond prayer.In practice,over the generations,the synagogue served as a site of leisure activities and as a means of enhancing unity and communal life in Jewish society both in Israel and elsewhere.The current study examines differences in perceptions of the synagogue as a place of prayer and as a place of leisure by worshippers and others.The study included 387 participants,who defined themselves as secular,traditional,religious,or ultra-Orthodox.The research findings indicate no difference between secular and religious participants with regard to their perception of the synagogue as a place of leisure,namely,the synagogue is not perceived as a place of leisure rather as a place of prayer.Moreover,a negative association was found between religiosity and participant’s perception of the synagogue as a place of leisure;the more religious the participants the more they thought that the synagogue is utilized less as a place of leisure(and more as a place of prayer).Finally,the study showed a different gender-related attitude to the synagogue as a place of leisure,where men more than women perceive the synagogue as a place of leisure.The current study illuminates a site of leisure activity that has undergone an essential change from a religious place to one that bears communal-cultural-national significance,although it is not perceived as such by the various sectors within Israeli society.A discrepancy was found between actual practices and perception of the synagogue as a place of worship,where in practice the synagogue is used to celebrate dates with collective significance(for example,Jewish holidays)and to note events that are meaningful to the individual(such as marriages,bar mitzvahs,and births).This is an initial study that can lead to further research,which will continue to explore the perceptions of the Jewish population regarding the synagogue as a place with communal and personal significance,during leisure time as well.The synagogue as a site of leisure culture has the potential to unite the various sectors.
文摘Mendel, a survivor of Auschwitz who lives in Israel, remains silent for 40 years after his traumatic experiences. However, Mendel, for no reason that his daughter Bella, also a survivor, can discern, begins to testify to his horrific ordeals during the Holocaust at putatively inopportune times, such as religious holidays and family celebrations. When his granddaughter Hayuta plans an engagement party, the social and historical incongruities of the Holocaust in the context of contemporary Israeli society become apparent. Ordinary pleasures are matters of moral obloquy in the face of the unfathomable black hole of the Holocaust. While critics have charged Mendel＇s daughter with preoccupation with invidious social climbing and his granddaughter Hayuta with moral reprehensible compartmentalization of her historical and familial existences, Liebrecht unwittingly implies that historical trauma has very diverse and inexplicable effects on different family members： Some, like the daughter Bella, eventually wish to hear more about the experiences of her father （while feeling that his words will “ruin” her social life）, while Hayutaand Shifra his danghter-in-law react by shunning the speech of Mendel, which they experience as ruining their quotidian happiness.
文摘In medieval times,translators of Judaeo-Arabic literature living in Islamic lands were fluent in Arabic as this was the lingua franca and,in many cases,their mother tongue.This is only rarely the case for the contemporary scholar.This creates enormous challenges for the modern translators of their works.However,this challenge is an opportunity to bridge cultural and historical gaps by increased accuracy the hallmark of modern scholarship.This interdisciplinary discourse establishes the co-religious Dasein.The research tools which demand knowledge not only of Jewish sources but rather of Islamic texts allow for greater appreciation of contacting influences.Rav Y.al-Barceloni of the 12th century,among others,translated into Hebrew several works of the Geonim with his own halakhic interpretations,interpolations,and expansions.When scholars come today to comprehend anew,these compilations they paradoxically are more reflective of the original text than scholars of the middle ages who were contemporaneous with these texts.Nonetheless insofar as the translations are into Hebrew,they produce insular affect on the cultural product,leaving it within the Jewish fold.This fact forces scholars who desire to communicate with the broader audience to publish their results in European languages.In mediaeval studies,this is not as often as one thinks.
文摘Based on rhetorical research methods of the unreliability,the paper intends to explore the unreliable narrative strategies of the narrator in Grace Paley's The Loudest Voice from the perspectives of the Wayne Booth's criterion of the distance between the narrator and the implied author and James Phelan's extension of unreliability on the basis of classical rhetorical narratology,point⁃ing out that the unreliability serves as the narrative trap which is set up to reveal the inner theme of the work:"The loudest voice"-what the protagonist thought she certainly possessed was only her illusion instead of the truth,and Eastern European Jewish com⁃munity was de facto marginalized by the mainstream culture at that time.
文摘From 1942 to 1945 more than 15,000 Jewish children passed through Terezin,a former military garrison set up as a ghetto.It soon became a transition station for hundreds of thousands of Jews on their way to the gas chambers of Auschwitz.While most of the children imprisoned at Terezin perished at Auschwitz,some of their stories of life during the Holocaust are preserved in drawings and poems,published in the book,I Never Saw Another Butterfly. When Terezin was liberated in 1945,only about 100 children were alive to return to what was left of their lives.
文摘Museums commonly adopt storytelling in their interpretive framework by use of audiovisual techniques to convey the meanings contained within artifacts. In addition to audiovisual mediation, this study demonstrates the idea that museum architecture itself can also be re,larded as a medium of spatial storytelling, specifically of historical time, which is manifested spatially and cognitively for museum visitors. The Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum （YVHHM） in Jerusalem is considered a spatial storytelling tool that successfully establishes an architectural dimension and thus displays, reveals, and interprets historical time during the Holocaust. The research method of this study is drawn from a case study of YVHHM and consists of a Literature review of schotarship in museum studies about artifacts and exhibition techniques of storytelling. The study concludes that the architectural space and landscape of YVHHM create a primary example of Jewish space and its specific engaeements with historical time by use of spatial layout and circulation, spatial form and symbolization, and spatial qualities of lighting and material. These components construct a tangjble, sacred, and cultural artifact; such artifact inherits, preserves, and records Yad Vashem, Modern Jerusalem, and the Nation of Israel and is an ideal physical and spiritual ＂home＂ for Jewish people worldwide.
文摘This paper examines the human relational patterns presented in the philosophical writings of the Confucian thinker Dai Zhen (戴震1724-77) and the Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas’s (1906-95) Totality and Infinity to uncover the ethical significance of the father-son relationship. I argue that for both thinkers the father-son relation is not just one type of human relationship among other social dyads, but rather, of greater significance, serves as the paradigmatic model of the ethical human relationship in bringing to light the idea of the ethical self as a responsible being in relation to others.
文摘This paper explores the main legal aspects of filial piety in Israel.Based on a socio-legal study,it traces a significant gap between the law in the books,which mandates that children support their parents financially if the latter cannot support themselves,and the law in action,which narrows this obligation to cases in which the parents must be cared for in a State nursing home.The study also highlights the relevance of religious and cultural norms in shaping filial piety in multicultural countries and thus points to the urgent need to tailor filial piety legal policies according to socially constructed,actual,and diverse filial piety perceptions and practices.
文摘The book under review presently is a pathbreaking achievement in Chinese scholars’ study of Jewish history. It is not a common account of the chronicle of Jewish history, but a profound study of the Jewish historical evolvement from the dimensions of state morphology, historical viewpoints and collective memory.
