Therapeutic Effect of Intragastric Administration of Jiangtang Shuxin Recipe Suspension on Diabetic Heart Failure in Rats and Its Mechanism

[Objectives]To observe the therapeutic effect of intragastric administration of Jiangtang Shuxin recipe on diabetic heart failure(DHF)in rats and to explore its mechanism.[Methods]Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups,with 10 rats in each group.DHF models were prepared in the low-dose group,high-dose group,Western medicine group,and model group except the control group.Rats in the low-dose and high-dose groups were given 1.0 and 1.5 g/(kg·d)Jiangtang Shuxin recipe suspension by gavage,respectively.Rats in the Western medicine group were given gliquidone and benazepril by gavage for 2 months,and were fed with high-fat diet.Rats in the control group were fed with ordinary diet.Fasting blood glucose(FBG),serum triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),pathological morphology of myocardial tissue,NF-κB p65 protein and IκBαprotein were compared among groups.[Results]Compared with the control group,the levels of FBG,serum TG,LDL-C,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,CK-MB and LDH increased,while the level of serum HDL-C decreased.The myocardial tissue was seriously damaged,and the expression of NF-κB p65 protein increased,while the expression of IκBαprotein decreased in the other four gruops(all P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the levels of FBG,serum TG,LDL-C,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,CK-MB and LDH decreased,while the serum HDL-C level increased.The myocardial tissue damage was alleviated,and the expression of NF-κB p65 protein decreased,while the expression of IκBαprotein increased in the low-dose group,high-dose group and Western medicine group(all P<0.05).Compared with the Western medicine group,the levels of FBG,serum TG,LDL-C,CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,CK-MB and LDH decreased,and the level of serum HDL-C increased in the high-dose group(all P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jiangtang Shuxin recipe has a therapeutic effect on DHF in rats,with the best effect in the high-dose group.It can not only alleviate high glucose and high fat state,but also reduce myocardial injury and inflammation,and improve the pathological morphology of myocardial cells.The mechanism may be related to its inhibition of NF-кB signaling pathway.

Effect of Jiangtang Bushen Recipe (降糖补肾方) in Intervention Treatment of Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Objective:To evaluate the intervention effect of diet, exercise and Jiangtang Bushen Recipe (JBR, 降糖补肾方), a Chinese herbal recipe, in preventing the progress of patients with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) to diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. Methods: Fifty-one IGT patients with their diagnosis conformed to the diagnosis standard of WHO, 1999, were randomly divided into the control group (n = 26) and the TCM group (n=25). Patients in the control group attended to the educational course for DM and received dietotherapy and kinetotherapy, and to those in the TCM group, under these treatments, JBR was given additionally. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), body weight index (BWI), levels of blood lipids and fasting insulin of all the patients were examined after 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of treatment. The total observation time was 1 year. Results:Except the 6 cases out of the 51 patients (11.7%), on whom the observa-tion discontinued, in the control group, as compared with before treatment, levels of fasting insulin and fasting blood glucose after treatment were not changed significantly ( P > 0. 05 ) , also insignificant difference was shown in levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), thoughthe two indexes lowered slightly after treatment (P>0. 05), but significant difference was shown in comparison of OGTT/2h, blood glucose and BWI (P<0. 05). While in the TCM group, fasting blood glucose was changed insignificantly (P> 0. 05) , but there was significant difference in comparison of fasting insulin, TC, BWI, OGTT/2h and plasma glucose levels (P<0. 01) respectively before and after treatment. At the end of the stud-y, the cumulative cases with conversion to diabetes were 3 (13. 6%) in the control group, and 1 (4. 3%) in the TCM group, x2 test showed insignificant difference in comparison of diabetes conversion rate between the two groups (P>0. 05), however, the TCM group showed a better year conversion rate of normal glucose tolerance than that in the control group (x2 = 8. 31, P<0. 01). Conclusion: TCM intervention is possibly effective in delaying the conversion of IGT to DM type 2, and plays integrative effeciency in impelling IGT patients to health. The favorable education and treatment of DM controlling, including dieto- and kineto-therapy may also be advantageous in IGT intervention, but could not be effective in blocking the advance of IGT.Original article on CJITWM (Chin) 2004 ;24 (4): 317

Effect of Sanhuang Jiangtang (三黄降糖) Recipe on Insulin Peripheral Resistance in Type Ⅱ Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To observe the effect of Sanhuang Jiangtang recipe (三黄降糖, SAT) on insulinperipheral resistance in Type Ⅱdiabetes mellitus (DM). Methods:Ninety-five patients with type Ⅱ DM wererandomly divided into two groups. Fifty-three cases of SHJT group were given decoction and tablets of SAT orally for 4 -- 6 months. The efficacy was compared with that of 42 cases treated with Glipizide as the control.Before and after treatment standard steamed bread meal test was performed to measure the insulin peripheralsensitivity, insulin release to glucose and insulin sensitivity index. Results: (1 ) The total effective rates of improving insulin peripheral resistance and reducing blood sugar in SHJT group were 79. 2 % and 80. I %, whichwas equivalent to levels in the control group, but SAT recipe was more effective in relieving symptoms of Qideficiency and signs of blood stasis. (2) In SalT group, the insulin peripheral sensitivity and insulin sensitivityindex were significantly increased (P < 0. 05 and 0. of ), meanwhile the fasting blood sugar and blood sugar areawere reduced (P < 0. 05), but the change of insulin release to glucose was blunted. (3 )The lowering of bloodsugar in SHJT group was significantly negative correlated with the changing of degree of insulin peripheral sensitivity and index of insulin sensitivity (P < 0. 01 and 0. 05), but not with that of insulin area. Conclusion: Itsuggested that the treatment of SHJT recipe might decrease insulin peripheral resistance (partial reversal) bymeans of reducing hyperinsulinemia and improving insulin sensitivity.

Jiangtang Xiaozhi Recipe(降糖消脂方)Prevents Diabetic Retinopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Objective： To evaluate the prevention effect of diabetic retinopathy of Jiangtang Xiaozhi Recipe （降糖消脂方, JXR） in streptozotocin （STZ）-induced diabetic rats. Methods： Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group and diabetic group. Rats in the diabetic group were induced by intraperitoneal administration of STZ （50 mg/kg）, and subdivided into 5 groups. Rats in the diabetic control group were given saline; four treatment groups were given metformin （300 mg/kg）, JXR （2, 4 and 8 g/kg） respectively for 8 weeks, while rats in the normal control group were injected with citrate buffer and given the same volume of vehicle. Body weight and food intake were measured every week. The hypoglycaemic effects were determined by testing fasting blood glucose （FBG） every other week, and hemoglobin Alc （HbAlc）, insulin, and glucagon at the end of the treatment. The preventive effects of JXR on STZ-induced diabetic rats were determined by histopathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and periodic acid-schiff staining. The effects were further evaluated by serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA）. Results： High-dose JXR significantly reduced FBG and HbAlc level at the 8th week of administration （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. JXR significantly increased insulin level （P〈0.05）, and decreased glucagon level （P〈0.05）. JXR showed the antioxidant defense with increased SOD activity and decreased MDA contents in diabetic rats. Histopathological studies revealed that there were no basement membrane thickening and mild destruction in the treated groups. Morphometric measurements of retina microvascular showed that acellular capillary and capillary density decreased in treated rats while pericyte and endothelial cell increasing after the treatment. Conclusion： JXR have protective effect of diabetic retinopathy and its mechanism may be associated with the obvious hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect.

Antioxidant capacity of extract from Jiangtang Xiaozhi recipe in vitro

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the extract from Jiangtang Xiaozhi recipe(JXR) of in vitro.METHODS: JXR extract was prepared according to previously reported method. In vitro antioxidant assays were used in this experiment, including 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical(DPPH) radical scavenging ability, 2-2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sul phonate(ABTS) radical scavenging ability, reducing power assay, fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching assay, β-carotene bleaching assay, ferric thiocyanate assay, and thiobarbituric acid method.RESULTS: DPPH, ABTS assay showed that JXR extract had distinct effect on scavenging free radicals;reducing power and ferricreducing-antioxidant power assay showed that JXR extract possessed redox ability;β-Carotene bleaching assay and antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid system using ferric thiocyanate method, thiobarbituric acid assay indicated that JXR extract could effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation, and the effect was better than that of Vitamin C.CONCLUSION: JXR extract has significant antioxidant capacity in vitro.