Literature and Time:On Jiao Xun’s Concept of Literary Transformation

Jiao Xun’s concept of the succession of literary genres according to each generation’s strengths clearly establishes the interrelationship between historical time and literary genres.Jiao Xun’s idea of the transformation of literary styles differs from the prevailing notion at that time,which advocated prioritizing poetry and prose that conveyed aspirations and ideals while considering other literary genres such as ci(a form of lyric poetry),qu(drama),and novels as inferior.Instead,Jiao Xun advocated using the“nature”and“events”of objects as criteria and awakened a more traditional“poetic teaching tradition”characterized by metaphorical expression and emotional resonance,which aligned with the concept of literature conveying aspirations and ideals.This enabled the standard of“nature”to transcend the boundaries of literary genres,establishing new criteria for the hierarchy of genres and encapsulating Jiao Xun’s intention to summon emerging literary genres that were in harmony with the“present”.

The early Proterozoic metamorphic geodynamics of the Jiao-Liao Massif, east China

Considering the mineral evolution and tectonic deformational history of the early Proterozoic metamorphic sequences in the Jiao Liao Massif, very similar CCW PTt D paths were established in east Liaoning and east Shandong district within this massif. Their style displays the process of developing and closing of some rifted depression belts within the rather stable continental crust of the Jiao Liao Massif during early Proterozoic, and they may be treated as a common kind of metamorphic geodynamic model.

A Brief Discussion on the Concept of Location San Jiao

San Jiao is one of the most controversial concepts in traditional Chinese medicine.With the changes of history,the concept of San Jiao was developed into another concept,"Location San Jiao",on the basis of"Liu Fu San Jiao".However,the appearance of"Location San Jiao"makes the concept of San Jiao more complicated and controversial.This paper will explore from the origin of"Location San Jiao",analyze the origin of its argument,and discuss the problems in it,so as to preliminarily clarify the connotation of San Jiao conception.Through investigation,it is found that the"Location San Jiao"is actually the dissimilation of"Liu Fu San Jiao",and the three parts of"Liu Fu San Jiao"should be divided by functional features rather than anatomical structure.

Structure and Distribution of the San Jiao and Cou Li-Recognized Interstitium in Human Tissues

Since the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon(c.200 bce),Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has held that the san jiao system is the largest anatomical structure in the human body,and that it consists of a network comprising the large cavities in the body trunk and the small interstitial spaces between the tissues and cells throughout the body.More than 2000 years later,and according to recent scientific reports in America,this network of structures has been recognized by modern medicine.The two theories,TCM’s san jiao and its system of spaces(腠còu),and the recent scientific discovery of an interstitial network in the human body,are quite similar in structure,distribution and function.

Discussion on "Wei Qi Chu Shang Jiao"

Due to the different versions of Nei Jing have been published in the past,variant of records have shown the different explanation of the original source of Wei Qi,thus there are two popular options are still under debate,Shang Jiao and Xia Jiao.Our research has found that the core reason of above dispute is caused by the vague understanding of the meaning of"Chu".Based on the analysis of relevant text of Nei Jing and the character of Chu with the meaning of leaving,it is concluded that"Wei Qi Chu Shang Jiao".And it means Wei Qi has left Shang Jiao of Zang Fu system and following into Meridian system,according to Wei Qi's connotation of following and protecting.Shang Jiao is the original starting point of Wei Qi in circulation just as it is born.And Shang Jiao is the place where"the slippery and tough Qi of water and grain"has transformed its name into"Wei Qi",which is also the conjunction point that Wei Qi changing from Ti(ontology)into Yong(methodology).And it explains the theory of clinical application based on this view.

The Idea of Edification in Jiao Xun’s Conception of Drama

Jiao Xun’s drama edification concept emphasizes“morality”and“emotion”at the same time,which expresses his tendency for drama conception to move closer to classics.Jiao Xun thinks that drama creation values the audience’s acceptance,which also makes drama an effective testing ground for re-processing the relationship between“morality”and“emotion”in Confucianism;and Jiao Xun respects folk daily life in popular literary forms to promote moral enlightenment,which shows that drama research has become one of his practical methods of“changing customs”.

A Review on Ben Cao Gang Mu Ying Jiao Dui Zhao(《本草纲目影校对照》A Contrast between the Photocopy and Collation of Compendium of Materia Medica)

Ben Cao Gang Mu Ying Jiao Dui Zhao(《本草纲目影校对照》A Contrast between the Photocopy and Collation of Compendium ofMateria Medica),completed by Zhang Zhibin and Zheng Jinsheng,is the latest variorum on Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium ofMateria Medica).Adopting five different Jinling editions as the master copy,the book carefully collates the complex contents on the original book by contrasting the photocopies with the supplement and correction,which makes it easy to use.What is more,full-form punctuation is used to mark the reference books and proper nouns,which is a big success feat in the research history of Ben Cao Gang Mu.

Acupuncture at the San Jiao meridian affects brain stem tissue G protein content in a rat migraine model

BACKGROUND:G protein is closely associated with vasomotion.Vasomotor dysfunction accompanies migraine attack.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of the San Jiao meridian acupuncture on G protein content in a rat migraine model.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The present randomized grouping,cellular and molecular biological level trial was performed at the Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University & Key Laboratory for Tumor Proteomics of Ministry of Health between October 2003 and June 2004.MATERIALS:Forty healthy,male,Sprague Dawley rats were included in this study.The G6805-2A electro-acupuncture apparatus was a product of Shanghai Huayi Medical Instrument Factory,China.Nitroglycerin was produced by Guangzhou Mingxing Pharmaceutical Factory,China.Antibodies against inhibitory and stimulatory G proteins were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company,USA.METHODS:All 40 rats were randomly and evenly divided into 4 groups.In the blank control group,the rats remained untouched.Rats from the normal control group were subcutaneously administered 2 mL/kg physiological saline.In the model group,migraine was induced with a subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg nitroglycerin(5 g/L),and the rats received no further treatment.In the acupuncture-treated group,30 minutes after migraine induction,acupuncture was performed at the bilateral Waiguan(SJ 5) and Yifeng(SJ 17) points,with an acupuncture depth of 1 mm.Electric-stimulation parameters of 20 Hz for low frequency,40 Hz for high frequency,and 0.5-1.0 mA for current intensity were set.Ten acupuncture sessions were applied,with 20-minute low-frequency and 20-minute high-frequency stimulation and 3 seconds of interval time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Inhibitory and stimulatory G protein contents were detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:At 4 hours after migraine induction,compared with the blank control and normal control groups,stimulatory G protein concentration was significantly increased,while inhibitory G protein levels were significantly decreased in the model group(P < 0.01).In the acupuncture-treated group,both stimulatory and inhibitory G protein concentrations were significantly increased following acupuncture treatment(P < 0.01),but stimulatory G protein levels were less and the inhibitory G protein concentrations were greater compared to the model group(P < 0.01).There was no significant difference in stimulatory and inhibitory G protein levels between the blank control and normal control groups(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:Dysfunctional G protein signal transductions in the rat brain stem may be responsible for migraine attack.Acupuncture at the San Jiao meridian ameliorates migraines by mediating the G protein signal transduction pathway.

Rong Shuan Jiao Nang in the treatment of acute mountain sickness and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in Yushu

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Rong Shuan Jiao Nang (RSJN) on treatment of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in workers in Yushu,three groups were studied: group A (60 patients with AMS,given RSJN),group B (15 patients with altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome, given RSJN),and group C (control,without drugs). All studied subjects were lowland workers who were first time entry to Yushu for work at an altitude of 4 250 m. During the course of treatment,a routing physical examination was performed,AMS Lake Louise Scores were estimated,arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2),electrocardiography and hemoglobin concentration were measured before and after using RSJN for 10 days. In group A,the effective rate was 68 %,symptomatic improvement in 54 cases (90 %) within 5 days. In group B,the effective rate was 93 %,episodes of angina pectoris stopped in 12 patients within 3 ~ 7 days,one lasted 8 days. After treatment, the level of SaO2 increased 15.5 %,21.8 % and 5.6 % in group A,group B and group C,respectively. RSJN taken at the start of the arrival at Yushu can decrease AMS scores and facilitate cure. If taken after the illness has begun,RSJN may help lessen symptoms,especially effectively improved angina pectoris of the high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome. Symptoms usually subside after 3 ~ 8 days. RSJN should be continually used for at least 7 days after ascent.

ChronologicalInferenceofPuSongling。SPoems＂TOBeIII，SicknessFoot，andNiannujiao

路编《蒲松龄年谱》谓蒲氏《抱病》等诗写于康熙十八年，盛编《蒲松龄年谱》谓《病足》等诗写于康熙二十五年，袁世硕先生谓蒲袁酬答词全在康熙二十四年。其实，蒲氏《抱病》、《病足》、《念奴娇·新秋月夜，病中感赋，呈袁宣四孝廉》等作品，均有可能写于康熙十八年，“抱病”和“病足”说的实际是一回事。因此，有关聊斋诗词的编年问题，应该重新考虑。

针刺关元-三阴交对DOR患者卵巢储备功能及卵巢血流灌注的影响

目的探究针刺关元-三阴交对卵巢储备功能下降(DOR)患者卵巢储备功能及卵巢血流灌注的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月我院收治的DOR患者80例进行研究。将80例患者均分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组:基础治疗。观察组:基础治疗+针刺关元-三阴交。观察卵巢储备功能、卵巢血流灌注及不良反应。结果两组治疗前后的AFC比较差异均不显著(P>0.05),治疗前,两组FSH、FSH/LH、AMH差异不显著,P>0.05,治疗后的FSH、FSH/LH均降低,AMH增加,P<0.05,且观察组FSH(9.32±2.15)U/L、FSH/LH(1.81±0.21)低于对照组(10.77±2.22)U/L、(1.98±0.23),AMH(1.75±0.50)ng/mL高于对照组(1.51±0.54)ng/mL,差异显著,P<0.05。两组治疗前后的卵巢直径比较差异均不显著(P>0.05),治疗前,两组DOR患者PI、RI差异不显著,P>0.05,治疗后,PI、RI均降低,观察组PI(0.80±0.11)、RI(0.53±0.10)低于对照组(0.86±0.14)、(0.58±0.12),差异显著,P<0.05。两组均无血肿、感染、疼痛、晕针、滞针等不良反应。结论针刺关元-三阴交能够显著改善DOR患者卵巢储备功能及卵巢血流灌注,且安全性高。

Structure, evolution and regional tectonic implications of the Queshan metamorphic core complex in eastern Jiaodong Peninsula of China

The Queshan MCC is an important example of a crustal extensional structure in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula along the southeastern margin of the NCC in the Early Cretaceous. The MCC is a typical Cordilleran-type core complex with a three-layered structure:(1) the upper plate is constituted by the Cretaceous supradetachment basin and Paleoproterozoic basement;(2) the lower plate comprises the Neoarchean high-grade metamorphic complexes and late Mesozoic granitic intrusions; and(3) the two plates are separated by a master detachment fault. A series of late NEN-oriented brittle faults superimposed on and destructed the early MCC. Petrology, geometry, kinematics, macro- and micro-structures and quartz c-axis fabrics imply that the MCC has a progressive exhumation history from middle-lower to subsurface level(via middle-upper crustal level) under the nearly WNW-ESE regional extensional regime. We present structural and geochronological evidence to constrain the exhumation of the Queshan MCC from ca. 135 to 113 Ma. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the different patterns of extensional structures in the Jiaodong and Liaodong Peninsula, we have defined the Jiao-Liao Early Cretaceou extensional province and further divided the crustal extension of it into two stages: the first stage was the intense flow of the middle-lower crust and the second stage was the extension of the middle-upper crust. Combining the tectonic setting, the lithosphere thinning in the Jiao-Liao Early Cretaceous extensional province can be considered a typical model for the response of crust-mantle detachment faulting under regional extension in East Asia.

基于“三焦生精”理论治疗成人原发免疫性血小板减少症

原发免疫性血小板减少症是一种免疫介导的以血小板减少为主要特征的疾病,归属于中医“紫癜病”范畴,临床多从火热亢盛、气虚失摄、脾不统血、肾虚火旺等方面论治。三焦理论始于《黄帝内经》,三焦具有通行原气,运化水液两大基本功能,该文首先对“三焦生精”的理论内涵进行阐述,其次基于“三焦生精”理论探讨原发免疫性血小板减少症的病机及治法,最后通过对一则验案进一步分析,以期为临床治疗原发免疫性血小板减少症拓宽思路。

基于肠道菌群代谢产物的变化探讨芪苈强心胶囊改善心肌纤维化的机制

目的从肠道菌群代谢产物氧化三甲胺(TMAO)、脂多糖(LPS)的变化角度探讨芪苈强心胶囊对心肌梗死后大鼠心肌纤维化的影响和作用机制。方法将60只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、芪苈强心高剂量组(1.0 g/kg)、芪苈强心中剂量组(0.5 g/kg)、芪苈强心低剂量组(0.25 g/kg)、培哚普利组(0.84 mg/kg),每组10只。造模时死亡13只,灌胃时死亡5只,最终假手术组8只,模型组8只,芪苈强心高剂量组7只,芪苈强心中剂量组6只,芪苈强心低剂量组7只,培哚普利组6只。超声心动图检测各组大鼠的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVEDS),苏木精-伊红染色检测心肌与回肠组织的病理形态,Masson染色检测心肌纤维化程度,计算心肌胶原容积分数(CVF),液相色谱-质谱法检测血浆TMAO的含量,酶联免疫吸附测定可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(sST2)和LPS的含量。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠LVFS、LVEF显著降低,LVEDD、LVEDS、sST2、TMAO、LPS显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,芪苈强心高、中、低剂量组及培哚普利组大鼠LVFS、LVEF显著升高,芪苈强心高剂量组大鼠血浆sST2浓度[(2025.45±413.13)pg/ml vs(2800.86±208.64)pg/ml]、血浆TMAO含量[(351.68±129.01)ng/ml vs(641.41±188.44)ng/ml]、血浆LPS浓度[(420.22±62.32)EU/L vs(594.62±83.40)EU/L]显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论芪苈强心胶囊可能通过抑制肠道菌群代谢产物TMAO、LPS改善心肌纤维化,具体机制还需进一步探究。

基于“治中焦如衡”探讨胃癌前免疫失衡的中医治疗

目前,胃癌的发生率和病死率显著升高,将防治关口提前至胃癌前阶段的主动策略具有重要意义。胃癌前病变是多因素、多环节、内外因综合作用下免疫失衡的病理过程,中医结合现代免疫思想,认为胃癌前病变的发生与阴阳失衡、气血失和、正邪交争密切相关。文章基于“治中焦如衡”的法则,探讨中医坚持以“衡”为要,以“平”为纲,通过扶阳抑阳、调气和血、固本祛邪对胃癌前免疫失衡的治疗作用。

基于“三焦气化”理论探讨谢春光教授治疗痛风经验

痛风是由单钠尿酸盐沉积所致的晶体相关性关节病,现代医学药物治疗主要以碱化尿液、降尿酸和促尿酸排泄等为主,不良反应较多;而中医药治疗痛风颇具特色,谢春光教授总结30余年临床相关经验,注重三焦气化理论,立足于肺、脾、肾,提出通利三焦以促机体脏腑经络功能恢复,用药灵活,为中医药治疗痛风提供了新的思路。