Fufang E’jiao Jiang’s effect on immunity,hematopoiesis,and angiogenesis via a systematic“compound-effect-target”analysis

Fufang E’jiao Jiang(FEJ)as a healthy food consisting of medicine food homology materials approved by China’s Ministry of Health has been extensively applied to replenish qi and nourish blood,and it has a positive impact on women’s health.To find out the material basis and mechanism of FEJ,a systematic“compoundeffect-target”analysis including chemical composition resolution,zebrafish,network pharmacology,molecular docking,transcriptome,and bibliometric analysis was adopted.124 chemical components including ginsenosides,and phenylethanoid glycosides in FEJ were discovered,and effects of FEJ on promoting the generation of immune cells,erythropoiesis and angiogenesis in zebrafish were exhibited.Based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and in vivo activity assay,6 compounds including jionoside A1,isoacteoside,echinacoside,acteoside,lobetyolin,and rehmannioside D were identified as active components of FEJ.Transcriptome data showed that several pathways such as complement and coagulation cascades,ECM-receptor interaction,and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were associated with proangiogenic effect of FEJ.19 common targets were obtained through combined analysis of network pharmacology and transcriptomics,and 5 targets of them were verified by PCR.The bibliometric analysis of these common targets revealed that FEJ was related to energy metabolism,pathway in cancer,etc.,which was consistent with the results of network pharmacology and transcriptome.The studies suggested that FEJ could replenish qi and nourish blood through multi-compound and multi-targets.

A Study of the Treatment of Disfiguring Diseases in the “Qian Jin Fang”

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been passed down for more than 2,000 years.TCM beauty products driven by the principles of identification and treatment with various dosage forms and exhibit mild and safe efficacy are bound to become a main component of the beauty industry in the future.Xu once commented that“Qian Jin Fang”is different from the traditional prescription system,which emphasizes the use of medicines.In this paper,we mainly selected the prescriptions for the treatment of disfigurement diseases such as acne,scarring,black dryness,face hyperpigmentation,black mole,and rosacea from the article titled,“Upper Seven Orifices Disease-Facial Medicine IX”in the Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang[1].By studying and analyzing the original composition of the formula,understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease,and exploring the characteristics of the formula concerning the efficacy of TCM,their properties,flavors,and meridians,we summarized the characteristics of the Qian Jin Fang.It is based on the external treatment of disfigurement diseases,with a wide variety of drugs,flexibility,and accuracy.This method draws upon analogies while utilizing excipients and harmonizers to focus on the combined healing approach of treatment and nourishment.

Clinical Study on the Effectiveness of Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin for Treating Cutaneous Infections and Promoting Wound Healing in Patients with Perianal Abscess

Objective:To explore the effect of the Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin(XFHM)for treating cutaneous infections and promoting wound healing in patients with perianal abscesses.Methods:Sixty-one patients with perianal abscesses who were admitted to our hospital(Xinghua City People’s Hospital)from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,a control group(30 cases)and a study group(31 cases).Both groups received surgical treatment.The control group received conventional treatment and warm water fumigation,sitz bath,and surgical dressing change after surgery,while the research group received XFHM based on the control group.XFHM was taken orally and replaced with warm water for fumigation and sitz bathing.Both groups received treatment for 4 weeks but discontinued sitz bathing after 2 weeks.Various clinical indicators between the two groups were compared.Results:The total clinical effective rate and wound recovery rate of the study group were higher than that of the control group.There were differences in the wound pain scores,surrounding tissue edema,and wound secretions at different time points.Both groups experienced wound pain.The scores of wound pain,surrounding tissue edema,and wound secretions of the study group were lower than those of the control group,7 and 14 days after surgery.The serum interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)levels,and pH values of the study group were lower than those of the control group 10 days after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of XFHM for treating cutaneous infections and promoting wound healing in patients with perianal abscesses improved the treatment outcome,alleviated clinical symptoms,and promoted healing.

Mechanism of anti-arterial thrombosis of Dahuangzhecong Fang screened by Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material

The mechanism of antithrombotic of Dahuangzhechong Fang separated and purified by Ti-Al intermetallic compound porous material (TAICPM) was researched. Dahuangzhechong Fang, which was isolated and screened by TAICPM, was used to oral rats. At the end of study, their blood and thrombus were collected. The results show that TAICPM with the pore size of 1-5 μm can screen Dahuangzhechong Fang well. Dahuangzhechong Fang can increase 6-keto-PGF1α, lower content of TXD2 and platelet. Dahuangzhechong Fang has good effect to resist arterial thrombosis.

基于Fang算法的TDOA室内定位技术

传统基于全球定位系统(GPS)的定位技术应用,已在室外环境下为人们提供了许多便利。随着近年来人们生活水平的不断提高,大众对定位的诉求已不仅限于室外,在智慧商场、企业人员智能管理、校园智能管理等场景,要求对室内用户进行定位监测,而传统的GPS定位精确度有限,在室内已无法应用。目前室内定位常用的技术有红外线、蓝牙、Wi-Fi以及基于室内移动网路的无线定位等,无线定位则是其中的热点。本文介绍了一种基于室内分布式基站,运用Fang算法实现到达时间差(TDOA)定位的技术研究,并对其定位精确度进行了探索。

Fang-1,一个参与血糖调节的新基因

目的克隆血糖调节相关基因。方法按本室以往建立的方法制备大鼠血糖自动调节模型,以灌输生理盐水为对照;取其骨骼肌,采用差异显示技术(DDRT-PCR),获得差异表达基因片段,经狭缝杂交和Northern杂交分析,排除假阳性片段,确定真正的差异表达序列标签(EST),并以其为探针筛选大鼠骨骼肌cDNA文库;将新基因的全长编码区克隆到pEGFP,瞬时转染L-6TG细胞48h后,荧光显微镜观察蛋白质在细胞中定位。结果获得一个新的全长cDNA,命名为Fang-1,GenBank收录号为AF399873。Blast软件(NCBI)分析显示Fang-1是人类基因AK001644在大鼠中的同源物,其编码区核苷酸同源性为82%,表明该家族蛋白具有保守性。高浓度葡萄糖刺激大鼠后与对照大鼠相比,Fang-1的表达上调;Fang-1编码的蛋白质在细胞核和细胞质均存在。结论从大鼠骨骼肌中克隆到一个参与血糖调节的新基因,该基因编码蛋白在细胞质和细胞核均存在,并通过其表达上调控制或部分控制某些目前未知的机制而达到调节血糖水平的作用。

反Dirichlet分布,Fang-xu分布,Dirichlet分布的特征

设 X=(X_1,X_2,…,X_n),Y=(Y_1,Y_2,…,Y_n),Z=(Z_1,Z_2,…,Z_n)分别是随机向量,X_i>0,-∞<Y_i<+∞,0<Z_j<1,sum from i=1 to n Z_i<1(i=1,2,…,n),本文分别给出并证明了 X 服从反 Dirichlet 分布或它的极限,Y 服从 Fang—Xu 分布或它的极限,Z服从 Dirichlet 分布或它的极限的两个等价的充分必要条件。并由此给出了关于齐次条件的一个统计证明。

Tong xie yao fang relieves irritable bowel syndrome in rats via mechanisms involving regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P

AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1 h per day) from days 8 to 21, and the rectum was expanded by angioplasty from days 8 to 12. Ten normal rats were used as normal controls. We examined the effects of TXYF on defection frequency, colonic transit function and smooth muscle contraction, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and substance P(SP) in colonic and hypothalamus tissues by Western blot and RT-PCT techniques in both normal rats and IBS model rats with characterized visceral hypersensitivity.in normal rats and 4.5 ± 1.58 in IBS model rats(P < 0.001). However, the defecation frequency was significantly decreased(3.0 ± 1.25 vs 4.5 ± 1.58, P < 0.05), while the time(in seconds) of colon transit function was significantly increased(256.88 ± 20.32 vs 93.36 ± 17.28, P < 0.001) in IBS + TXYF group rats than in IBS group rats. Increased colonic smooth muscle tension and contract frequency in IBS model rats were significantly decreased by administration of TXYF. Exogenous agonist stimulants increased spontaneous activity and elicited contractions of colon smooth muscle in IBS model rats, and all of these actions were significantly reduced by TXYF involving 5-HT and SP down-regulation. CONCLUSION: TXYF can modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system and alter 5-HT and SP activities, which may contribute to the symptoms of IBS.

Effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on endogenous metabolites in urine of irritable bowel syndrome model rats

BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),is a common functional bowel disease.Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation.There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes.By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals,metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers,analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body.Thus,the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective.This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.AIM To evaluate the effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on IBS rats by using metabolomics method.METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models,and then randomly divided into four groups:A model control group and three Tong Xie Yao Fang treatment groups(high,medium and low doses).A normal,non-IBS group was established.The rats were treated for 2 wk.On days 0 and 14 of the experimental model,urine was collected for 12 h and was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Nine potential biomarkers were identified,and six major metabolic pathways were found to be related to IBS.RESULTS In the study of metabonomics,nine potential biomarkers including L-serine,4-methylgallic acid,L-threonine,succinylacetone,prolyl-hydroxyproline,valylserine,acetyl citrate,marmesin rutinoside and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were identified in urine,which were assigned to amino acids,organic acids,succinyl and glycosides.Furthermore,the metabolic pathway of L-serine,L-threonine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,which mainly involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine,vitamin B6 metabolism,serotonin synapse,tryptophan metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,digestion,absorption of protein and amino acid metabolism.These pathways are related to intestinal dysfunction,inflammatory syndrome,nervous system dysfunction and other diseases.CONCLUSION Tong Xie Yao Fang has pharmacological effects on IBS,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolism of the nine potential biomarkers identified above in urine.

Mechanism underlying the protective effect of Kaixin Jieyu Fang on vascular depression following cerebral white matter damage

The Chinese compound Kaixin fieyu Fang can be used to treat vascular depression; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study established a rat model of chronic cerebral ischemia-caused white matter damage by ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries. Rats received daily intragastric administration of a suspension of Kaixin ]ieyu Fang powder. After 3, 7 and 21 days of treatment, the degree of white matter damage in the cerebral ischemia rat model was alleviated, Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression in brain tissue increased, and Bax protein and mRNA expression decreased. These results indicate that Kaixin Jieyu Fang can alleviate cere- bral white matter damage, and the underlying mechanism is associated with regulation of Bcl-2/ Bax protein and mRNA expression, which is one of possible mechanism behind the protective effect of Kaixin Jieyu Fang against vascular depression.

Acupuncture at the San Jiao meridian affects brain stem tissue G protein content in a rat migraine model

BACKGROUND： G protein is closely associated with vasomotion. Vasomotor dysfunction accompanies migraine attack. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of the San Jiao meridian acupuncture on G protein content in a rat migraine model. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The present randomized grouping, cellular and molecular biological level trial was performed at the Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University ＆ Key Laboratory for Tumor Proteomics of Ministry of Health between October 2003 and June 2004. MATERIALS： Forty healthy, male, Sprague Dawtey rats were included in this study. The G6805-2A electro-acupuncture apparatus was a product of Shanghai Huayi Medical Instrument Factory, China. Nitroglycerin was produced by Guangzhou Mingxing Pharmaceutical Factory, China. Antibodies against inhibitory and stimulatory G proteins were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company, USA. METHODS： All 40 rats were randomly and evenly divided into 4 groups. In the blank control group, the rats remained untouched. Rats from the normal control group were subcutaneously administered 2 mL/kg physiological saline. In the model group, migraine was induced with a subcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg nitroglycerin （5 g/L）, and the rats received no further treatment. In the acupuncture-treated group, 30 minutes after migraine induction, acupuncture was performed at the bilateral Waiguan （SJ 5） and Yifeng （SJ 17） points, with an acupuncture depth of 1 mm. Electric-stimulation parameters of 20 Hz for low frequency, 40 Hz for high frequency, and 0.5-1.0 mA for current intensity were set. Ten acupuncture sessions were applied, with 20-minute low-frequency and 20-minute high-frequency stimulation and 3 seconds of interval time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Inhibitory and stimulatory G protein contents were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS： At 4 hours after migraine induction, compared with the blank control and normal control groups stimulatory G protein concentration was significantly increased, while inhibitory G protein levels were significantly decreased in the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. In the acupuncture-treated group, both stimulatory and inhibitory G protein concentrations were significantly increased following acupuncture treatment （P 〈 0.01）, but stimulatory G protein levels were less and the inhibitory G protein concentrations were greater compared to the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. There was no significant difference in stimulatory and inhibitory G protein levels between the blank control and normal control groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Dysfunctional G protein signal transductions in the rat brain stem may be responsible tor migraine attack. Acupuncture at the San Jiao meridian ameliorates migraines by mediating the G protein signal transduction pathway.

花岗岩Kong-Fang流体弹塑性损伤材料模型参数研究

岩石类材料的动态力学模型的建立及相应模型参数的确定,对岩石动态力学性能研究及相关仿真计算具有重要意义。以山东五莲地区花岗岩为例,基于Kong-Fang流体弹塑性损伤材料模型(KF模型),通过准静态单轴压缩、劈裂、常规三轴实验及动态分离式霍普金森杆压缩(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)实验对模型中的强度参数进行了确定,并利用基于分离式霍普金森杆的巴西圆盘(split Hopkinson pressure bar-Brazilian disk,SHPB-BD)实验对应变率相关参数的有效性进行了验证;同时,根据平板撞击实验结果对模型中的状态方程参数进行了拟合。利用实验获得的材料参数值,采用KF模型对花岗岩侵彻实验进行数值模拟,计算得到的弹体侵彻深度及成坑尺寸与实际实验结果误差均小于15%,验证了材料模型及参数值的适用性。

Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang relieves solitary rectal ulcer syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)is a rare rectal disorder characterized by bloody mucus in the stool,difficulty in defecation,pain,and anal swelling.To date,the etiology of this syndrome remains not well understood and the diagnosis is frequently confused with other disorders,making treatment a clinical challenge.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 40-d history of bloody mucus in the stool and anal swelling.SRUS was suspected.Rectoscopy revealed a large,severe ulcerous lesion.Histologically,the lesion was characterized as chronic ulcer without clear tumor cells,and the final diagnosis of SRUS was made.The patient was treated with Chinese medicine therapy,with administration of Tong Xie Yao Fang.After 3 wk of treatment,the symptoms improved significantly.At 2-mo follow-up,rectoscopy in a local hospital showed healed ulcer scars without obvious protrusion 3 cm from the anal verge.CONCLUSION Chinese medicine therapy represents a potential treatment of SRUS with predominant rectal bleeding,mucinous discharge,and anal swelling pain.

Analysis of the action mechanism of Fang Ji Huang Qi decoction in treating rheumatoid arthritis by network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the pharmacological action mechanism of Fang Ji Huang Qi decoction(FHD)in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)by network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical compositions and functional targets of the TCM were retrieved using the systematic pharmacological analysis platform TCMSP,and the gene name of each target protein was obtained from the UniProtKB network platform.The targets of RA were queried through the CTD database.The protein–protein interaction network was constructed in the STRING database,and the network visualization analysis was performed in Cytoscape.The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Gene and Genomic Encyclopedia pathways enrichment analyses of key target proteins were performed using the DAVID data platform.Results:A total of 472 drug active ingredients were screened from the TCMSP database.Seventy-five disease targets from the CTD database were screened.The compound-target network map contained further screened out 98 components and corresponding 75 targets.The key compounds included quercetin and kaempferol.The key targets were prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 and nitric oxide synthase 2.The protein-protein interaction network consisted of 75 proteins,of which 37 were key proteins,including tumor protein 53,JUN and interleukin-6.There were 260 Gene Ontology entries,of which 246 were biological processes.Fifty-five Kyoto Gene and Genomic Encyclopedia pathways were enriched,mainly the cancer pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway,and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,which are involved in the action mechanism of FHD.Conclusion:The results of this study preliminarily verified the basic pharmacological action mechanism of FHD in the treatment of RA,laying a foundation for elucidating its mechanism of action.

Trying to Explain the Theoretical Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine “Huashi Baidu Fang” in the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 with Western Medical Theory: A Review

Purpose: This work is aimed to explain the theoretical basis of “Huashi Baidu Fang” in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with western medical theory. Methods: We analyze the “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 (Version 1 to Version 7)” made by China, “Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected—Interim guidance” made by World Health Organization (WHO), “Therapeutic Guidelines: Respiratory (Version 5)”, “Therapeutic Guidelines: Gastrointestinal (Version 5)” and “Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic (Version 15)” published by Australia, and the origin of classical prescription of “Huashi Baidu Fang”: “Shanghanlun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases)”, “Jinkui Yaolue (Synopsis of Golden Chamber)” and “Wenyi Lun (The Epidemic Febrile Disease)”. We search the dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine (Version II) manually. And we search literatures from 2001 to 2020 on Wiley online library. We conduct a comparative study among the symptoms of TCM formulations in “Huashi Baidu Fang”, the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of COVID-19 and COPD with acute gastrointestinal inflammation. And we carry out pharmacological inquiry of “Huashi Baidu Fang”. Results: The clinical manifestations of respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal tract of syndrome of lung obstruction due to epidemic toxin and acute exacerbation of COPD are almost the same;The formulations used in “Huashi Baidu Fang” are consistent with the pharmacological activity of the drug recommended in the Therapeutic Guidelines. Conclusion: “Huashi Baidu Fang” may play a positive role in COVID-19.

Gan Shen Fu Fang ameliorates liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the inflammatory response and extracellular signalregulated kinase phosphorylation

BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common health problem worldwide and there is still a lack of effective medicines.The Chinese herbal medicine,Gan Shen Fu Fang(GSFF)is composed of salvianolic acid B and diammonium glycyrrhizinate.In this study,we observed the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro in an attempt to provide some hope for the treatment.AIM To observe the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro and investigate the mechanism from the perspective of the inflammatory response and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation.METHODS Common bile duct-ligated rats were used for in vivo experiments.Hepatic stellate cells-T6(HSC-T6)cells were used for in vitro experiments.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining,biochemical assays,hydroxyproline(Hyp)assays,enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay and western blotting were performed to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis,liver function,the inflammatory response and ERK phosphorylation.The CCK8 assay,immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied to test the effect of GSFF on HSC-T6 cell activation and determine whether GSFF had an effect on ERK phosphorylation in HSC-T6 cells.RESULTS GSFF improved liver function and inhibited liver fibrosis in common bile ductligated rats after 3 wk of treatment,as demonstrated by histological changes,hydroxyproline assays and collagen I concentrations.GSFF alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interlukin-1β]and NF-κB.In addition,GSFF decreased ERK phosphorylation.In vitro,GSFF inhibited the viability of HSC-T6 cells with and without transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)stimulation and decreased the synthesis of collagen I.GSFF had the greatest effect at a concentration of 0.5μmol/L.GSFF inhibited the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a marker of HSC activation,in HSC-T6 cells.Consistent with the in vivo results,GSFF also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and downregulated the expression of NF-κB.CONCLUSION GSFF inhibited liver fibrosis progression in vivo and HSC-T6 cell activation in vitro.These effects may be related to an alleviated inflammatory response and downregulated ERK phosphorylation.

Jiao-tai-wan Up-regulates Hypothalamic and Peripheral Circadian Clock Gene Cryptochrome and Activates PI3K/AKT Signaling in Partially Sleep-deprived Rats

This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of Jiao-tai-wan （JTW） on systemic and tissue-specific inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity-resistant （OR） rats with chronic partial sleep deprivation （PSD）. OR rats with PSD were orally given JTW and Estazolam for 4 weeks. The amount of food intake and metabolic parameters such as body weight increase rate, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, fasting insulin （FINS）, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） and plasma inflammatory markers were measured. The expression levels of circadian proteins cryptochrome 1 （Cryl） and cryptochrome 2 （Cry2） in hypothalamus, adipose and liver tissues were also determined. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of inflammatory markers, activity of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） p65 protein, as well as the expression levels of insulin signaling pathway proteins in hypothalamus, adipose and liver tissues were measured. Additionally, cyclic adenosine 3＇, 5＇-monophosphate （cAMP） and activity of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein （VASP） in hypothalamus tissue were measured. JTW significantly decreased the body weight increase rate and food intake, ameliorated systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. JTW effectively ameliorated inflammation and increased PI3K/AKT signaling activation in hypothalamus, adipose and liver. Interestingly, all these changes were associated with the up-regulation of circadian gene Cryl and Cry2 protein expression. We also found that in hypothalamus tissue of PSD rats, down-regulation of Cryl and Cry2 activated cAMP/PKA signaling and then led to inflammation, while JTW inhibited this signaling. These results suggested that JTW has the beneficial effect on ameliorating inflammation and insulin resistance in partially sleep-deprived rats by up-regulating Cry expression.

Rong Shuan Jiao Nang in the treatment of acute mountain sickness and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in Yushu

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Rong Shuan Jiao Nang （RSJN） on treatment of acute mountain sickness （AMS） and high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome in workers in Yushu, three groups were studied： group A （60 patients with AMS, given RSJN）, group B （15 patients with altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome, given RSJN）, and group C （control, without drugs）. All studied subjects were lowland workers who were first time entry to Yushu for work at an altitude of 4 250 m. During the course of treatment, a routing physical examina- tion was performed, AMS Lake Louise Scores were estimated, arterial oxygen saturation （SaO2）, electrocardiography and hemoglobin concentration were measured before and after using RSJN for 10 days. In group A, the effective rate was 68 %, symptomatic improvement in 54 cases （90 %） within 5 days. In group B, the effective rate was 93 %, episodes of angina pectoris stopped in 12 patients within 3 - 7 days, one lasted 8 days. After treatment, the level of SaO2 increased 15.5 %, 21.8 % and 5.6 % in group A, group B and group C, respectively. RSJN tak- en at the start of the arrival at Yushu can decrease AMS scores and facilitate cure. If taken after the illness has begun, RSJN may help lessen symptoms, especially effectively improved angina pectoris of the high altitude myocardial ischemic syndrome. Symptoms usually subside after 3 - 8 days. RSJN should be continually used lbr at least 7 days after ascent.

Structure and Distribution of the San Jiao and Cou Li-Recognized Interstitium in Human Tissues

Since the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon(c.200 bce),Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has held that the san jiao system is the largest anatomical structure in the human body,and that it consists of a network comprising the large cavities in the body trunk and the small interstitial spaces between the tissues and cells throughout the body.More than 2000 years later,and according to recent scientific reports in America,this network of structures has been recognized by modern medicine.The two theories,TCM’s san jiao and its system of spaces(腠còu),and the recent scientific discovery of an interstitial network in the human body,are quite similar in structure,distribution and function.