Hamas is the Palestinian branch of the Global Muslim Brotherhood movement.Hamas emphasizes its nationalistic aspects and not just the Islamic ones.The Palestinian Abdullah Yusuf Azzam,Osama Bin Laden’s mentor,is the ...Hamas is the Palestinian branch of the Global Muslim Brotherhood movement.Hamas emphasizes its nationalistic aspects and not just the Islamic ones.The Palestinian Abdullah Yusuf Azzam,Osama Bin Laden’s mentor,is the link between the global jihad organizations and Hamas.Global jihad organizations like ISIS or al-Q'aida represent opposite points of view to those of the Muslim Brotherhood.First and foremost,they are not nationalistic but Pan-Islamic Movements.Islamic organizations cannot be described by ideas such as nationalism,socialism or any other set of secular ideas.Understanding Islamic organizations means understanding their religious roots.This article presents the argument that even Hamas,usually described as a nationalistic movement,can be identified as a Global Jihad organization which combines nationalistic elements.展开更多
From the beginnings of Wahabism in the 18th century to the so called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant （ISIL, ISIS） violence has occasionally been justified in the name of Islam, which is problematic for secular ...From the beginnings of Wahabism in the 18th century to the so called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant （ISIL, ISIS） violence has occasionally been justified in the name of Islam, which is problematic for secular and traditional scholars alike. This paper demonstrates that there are three complex, interrelated causes for this violence： foreign military intervention, Salafi-Jihadism and a utopian state founded upon faith and justice, i.e. a caliphate.展开更多
The article is written with the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation and is based on the materials obtained in Azerbaijan relating to the spread of Salafism in Azerbaijan, the interviews with A. Shir...The article is written with the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation and is based on the materials obtained in Azerbaijan relating to the spread of Salafism in Azerbaijan, the interviews with A. Shirinov, an associate professor at the faculty of Theology at Baku State University, S. Hasanli, a rector of Baku Islamic University and G Suleymanov, a leader of Azerbaijan Salafi community, which were recorded during the scientific visit in Azerbaijan.展开更多
The focus of this paper is the process of radicalization of the San Bernardino attackers and their source of inspiration and affiliations.The literature on the pathway to terrorism and jihad appears to agree that path...The focus of this paper is the process of radicalization of the San Bernardino attackers and their source of inspiration and affiliations.The literature on the pathway to terrorism and jihad appears to agree that pathways and triggers are varied and many with no clear set of traits that one can identify to predict individual paths to jihadism,in short,it is an idiosyncratic process.So,while the psychological profiling of high risk jihadist individuals has yet to be fruitful,the psycho/sociological behaviors associated with jihadism appear to offer greater promise.This paper will divide into four actions:their pathway to radicalization,affiliations/relations,source of inspiration,and the conclusion.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins,objectives,ideology,motivation,leadership structure,targets,strategies,tactics,and future of Al Qaeda.The past nearly two decades have seen the degrading,destruction...The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins,objectives,ideology,motivation,leadership structure,targets,strategies,tactics,and future of Al Qaeda.The past nearly two decades have seen the degrading,destruction,and dispersing of Al Qaeda across the Middle East and Africa but it still exists.Since 9/11 and the demise of Osama Bin Laden Al Qaeda has quietly worked at rebuilding itself across the globe using a franchising or licensing of affiliates across dozens of nations.So,it is essential that the study and analysis of this organization continue,so that it is finally destroyed and its ideas discredited and dismissed.展开更多
This article examines the threat of terrorism, its changing dynamics and manifestations, constituting a major security dilemma for Africa. It begins with a conceptual discussion of the term ＂Jihad＂ and how it is con...This article examines the threat of terrorism, its changing dynamics and manifestations, constituting a major security dilemma for Africa. It begins with a conceptual discussion of the term ＂Jihad＂ and how it is contributing to recent upsurge in terrorism among the Muslim youth in Africa. The article argues that the concept has largely been misunderstood, misinterpreted by some Muslims and non-Muslims alike and as a consequence ＂hijacked＂ and misapplied by extremists to achieve ideological and political goals. While the perpetration of terrorist act is undermining political stability of African states, the involvement of the youth does not only make the enterprise a dangerous one, but also questions the effectiveness of education and training being pursued, especially in Muslim communities across many states in Africa. The article thus suggests that, curbing the threat of terrorism arising out of wrong interpretation of the concept of Jihad will require adopting a comprehensive educational approach aimed at reforming and transforming the character of the Muslim youth. This should include religious, moral, secular and peace education. It concludes that failure to adopt such holistic approach will mean African states will continue to battle with terrorism as an evolving security dilemma for years to come and the name Islam will continue to be denigrated as a religion that is more susceptible to violence.展开更多
The Qur＇an embraces cultural pluralism, emphasising that “People, We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you should recognize one another. ”（Q. 49： 13...The Qur＇an embraces cultural pluralism, emphasising that “People, We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you should recognize one another. ”（Q. 49： 13）. Moreover, peace is the most fundamental value in the Qur＇an and Islam. The majority of the classical Muslim jurists, especially Hanafi school, emphasised that the reason for Muslims＇ fight against non-Muslims is Muslims＇ defense themselves against attacks, not non-Muslims＇ faith. Bediuzzaman Said Nursi （d. 1960） states that the only kind of jihad that is appropriate for the present age is spiritual or moraljihad. Furthermore, regarding Qur＇anic approach to relations between Muslims and the People of the Book, Muslim scholars, in general, advocate sincere relations and trust between Muslims and the People of the Book. In addition, Said Nursi is one of the great Muslim scholars in interfaith dialogue in the 20th century. Finally, there is the need for establishing culture of coexistence, which practised before within a religious tradition such as Islamic tradition for many centuries in the history. Through achieving a culture of coexistence and peace, most conflicts can be resolved.展开更多
The paper describes and analyzes the chronology of radical Islamism activities in Georgia, the threats and challenges for Georgian state coming from terrorist organizations, the spread of Ideas of Militant Islamism an...The paper describes and analyzes the chronology of radical Islamism activities in Georgia, the threats and challenges for Georgian state coming from terrorist organizations, the spread of Ideas of Militant Islamism and Jihadism, the possibilities of using Georgian territories by the foreign and local fighters and steps taken by Georgian State. Also popularization of the idea of creation world Islamic Caliphate in the Middle East and ISIL Caucasus Province, joining the terrorist organizations ISIL and A1-Nusra Front in Iraq and Syria by some of the Georgian Muslims. The author analyzes the factors of the popularization of radical Islamism ideas among the young generation, the problems of Georgian Muslim communities and gives the recommendations for state actors.展开更多
This paper compares qualitatively two frameworks that have legalized under certain circumstances the large scale of use of force: Saint Agustin’s Christian just war theory and jihad, the Islamic version of a just war...This paper compares qualitatively two frameworks that have legalized under certain circumstances the large scale of use of force: Saint Agustin’s Christian just war theory and jihad, the Islamic version of a just war. It first provides a brief description of the just war and jihad, dividing them into three sections: Jus ad bellum, jus inbello, and jus post bellum. Using the same framework to describe both theories allows us to explore their discrepancies and communalities. Then, it uses Al-Qaeda’s war as a case study to examine if it can be qualified as jihad, showing that it does fundamentally diverge from these theories because it does not pass the legitimacy test. Finally, this paper concludes that while the two traditions provide similar frameworks to decide why, when, and how to go and conduct a legitimate war, they are different in their details.展开更多
文摘Hamas is the Palestinian branch of the Global Muslim Brotherhood movement.Hamas emphasizes its nationalistic aspects and not just the Islamic ones.The Palestinian Abdullah Yusuf Azzam,Osama Bin Laden’s mentor,is the link between the global jihad organizations and Hamas.Global jihad organizations like ISIS or al-Q'aida represent opposite points of view to those of the Muslim Brotherhood.First and foremost,they are not nationalistic but Pan-Islamic Movements.Islamic organizations cannot be described by ideas such as nationalism,socialism or any other set of secular ideas.Understanding Islamic organizations means understanding their religious roots.This article presents the argument that even Hamas,usually described as a nationalistic movement,can be identified as a Global Jihad organization which combines nationalistic elements.
文摘From the beginnings of Wahabism in the 18th century to the so called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant （ISIL, ISIS） violence has occasionally been justified in the name of Islam, which is problematic for secular and traditional scholars alike. This paper demonstrates that there are three complex, interrelated causes for this violence： foreign military intervention, Salafi-Jihadism and a utopian state founded upon faith and justice, i.e. a caliphate.
文摘The article is written with the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation and is based on the materials obtained in Azerbaijan relating to the spread of Salafism in Azerbaijan, the interviews with A. Shirinov, an associate professor at the faculty of Theology at Baku State University, S. Hasanli, a rector of Baku Islamic University and G Suleymanov, a leader of Azerbaijan Salafi community, which were recorded during the scientific visit in Azerbaijan.
文摘The focus of this paper is the process of radicalization of the San Bernardino attackers and their source of inspiration and affiliations.The literature on the pathway to terrorism and jihad appears to agree that pathways and triggers are varied and many with no clear set of traits that one can identify to predict individual paths to jihadism,in short,it is an idiosyncratic process.So,while the psychological profiling of high risk jihadist individuals has yet to be fruitful,the psycho/sociological behaviors associated with jihadism appear to offer greater promise.This paper will divide into four actions:their pathway to radicalization,affiliations/relations,source of inspiration,and the conclusion.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins,objectives,ideology,motivation,leadership structure,targets,strategies,tactics,and future of Al Qaeda.The past nearly two decades have seen the degrading,destruction,and dispersing of Al Qaeda across the Middle East and Africa but it still exists.Since 9/11 and the demise of Osama Bin Laden Al Qaeda has quietly worked at rebuilding itself across the globe using a franchising or licensing of affiliates across dozens of nations.So,it is essential that the study and analysis of this organization continue,so that it is finally destroyed and its ideas discredited and dismissed.
文摘This article examines the threat of terrorism, its changing dynamics and manifestations, constituting a major security dilemma for Africa. It begins with a conceptual discussion of the term ＂Jihad＂ and how it is contributing to recent upsurge in terrorism among the Muslim youth in Africa. The article argues that the concept has largely been misunderstood, misinterpreted by some Muslims and non-Muslims alike and as a consequence ＂hijacked＂ and misapplied by extremists to achieve ideological and political goals. While the perpetration of terrorist act is undermining political stability of African states, the involvement of the youth does not only make the enterprise a dangerous one, but also questions the effectiveness of education and training being pursued, especially in Muslim communities across many states in Africa. The article thus suggests that, curbing the threat of terrorism arising out of wrong interpretation of the concept of Jihad will require adopting a comprehensive educational approach aimed at reforming and transforming the character of the Muslim youth. This should include religious, moral, secular and peace education. It concludes that failure to adopt such holistic approach will mean African states will continue to battle with terrorism as an evolving security dilemma for years to come and the name Islam will continue to be denigrated as a religion that is more susceptible to violence.
文摘The Qur＇an embraces cultural pluralism, emphasising that “People, We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you should recognize one another. ”（Q. 49： 13）. Moreover, peace is the most fundamental value in the Qur＇an and Islam. The majority of the classical Muslim jurists, especially Hanafi school, emphasised that the reason for Muslims＇ fight against non-Muslims is Muslims＇ defense themselves against attacks, not non-Muslims＇ faith. Bediuzzaman Said Nursi （d. 1960） states that the only kind of jihad that is appropriate for the present age is spiritual or moraljihad. Furthermore, regarding Qur＇anic approach to relations between Muslims and the People of the Book, Muslim scholars, in general, advocate sincere relations and trust between Muslims and the People of the Book. In addition, Said Nursi is one of the great Muslim scholars in interfaith dialogue in the 20th century. Finally, there is the need for establishing culture of coexistence, which practised before within a religious tradition such as Islamic tradition for many centuries in the history. Through achieving a culture of coexistence and peace, most conflicts can be resolved.
文摘The paper describes and analyzes the chronology of radical Islamism activities in Georgia, the threats and challenges for Georgian state coming from terrorist organizations, the spread of Ideas of Militant Islamism and Jihadism, the possibilities of using Georgian territories by the foreign and local fighters and steps taken by Georgian State. Also popularization of the idea of creation world Islamic Caliphate in the Middle East and ISIL Caucasus Province, joining the terrorist organizations ISIL and A1-Nusra Front in Iraq and Syria by some of the Georgian Muslims. The author analyzes the factors of the popularization of radical Islamism ideas among the young generation, the problems of Georgian Muslim communities and gives the recommendations for state actors.
文摘This paper compares qualitatively two frameworks that have legalized under certain circumstances the large scale of use of force: Saint Agustin’s Christian just war theory and jihad, the Islamic version of a just war. It first provides a brief description of the just war and jihad, dividing them into three sections: Jus ad bellum, jus inbello, and jus post bellum. Using the same framework to describe both theories allows us to explore their discrepancies and communalities. Then, it uses Al-Qaeda’s war as a case study to examine if it can be qualified as jihad, showing that it does fundamentally diverge from these theories because it does not pass the legitimacy test. Finally, this paper concludes that while the two traditions provide similar frameworks to decide why, when, and how to go and conduct a legitimate war, they are different in their details.
