Reflections on Studying Huang Di Nei Jing in the West

Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) has been the source text of Chinese medicine knowledge and innovation for over two thousand years. Despite this key relevance, many of its ideas and practices have proven difficult to understand and implement fully into clinical practice. Cultural and language differences can be compounded with these challenges but may also present new opportunities for advancement and insight when studied by researchers outside of the originating culture. This article introduces the method of Classical-Text Archaeology and delves into the author’s two-decade journey of researching this text, with a discussion on cultural differences and issues of medical scholarship.

“Three Beauties”Principle in the English Versions of“Jing Ye Si”--Translations by Xu and Fletcher as Examples

“Jing Ye Si”is a classical poem with international influence by the Chinese poet Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty,which expresses the poet’s deep nostalgia.This paper compares and analyzes its two English versions translated by the Chinese translator Xu Yuanchong and the British translator W.J.B.Fletcher based on the“three beauties”principle(beauty in sense,beauty in sound,and beauty in form),and discovers that the English version of Xu basically achieves the unity of the“three beauties”,while the English version of Fletcher realizes the“beauty in sound and form”,but deviates from the“beauty in sense”mainly owing to the inaccurate comprehension of the moon as an image and other factors.This analysis may afford us with certain reference in poetry translation.

Philosophy and Philology:Two Approaches of Commentating the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica)in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

This paper tests the hypothesis that the commentary trend of the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong’s Classic of the Materia Medica)arises alongside the fashionable philology of the time,or the aversion against the Jin-Yuan medical philosophy.After surveying 12 major commentaries,it is concluded that the situation is more complicated than a simple assertion.The seemingly opposite philosophy and philology approaches have been used eclectically to innovate the understanding of ancient traditional Chinese medicine texts.

Research on the origin of the theory of“heart as monarch”in Huang Di Nei Jing(Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic)

Scholars have previously attributed the theoretical origin of“the heart is the monarch/ruler”to the monarchical view of politics.However,according to the latest unearthed documents and relevant documents handed down from ancient times,it can be found that the theory of“the heart is the monarch”might derive from the importance of attachment to the“Zhong”ideology in traditional culture,which promoted the concept that the heart as the center of body,should be the ruler and was later evolved as the“monarch”.Similar cognitive views were all mentioned in Confucianism,Taoism,eclectics scholars and other pre-Qin literature,but only in the system of traditional Chinese medicine,they played a significant role in building the heart-centered theory of Zang-Fu.Traditional Chinese medicine is a discipline developed mainly by clinical practice with the fundamental purpose of curing diseases and saving people.Although the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)roots in the pre-Qin Dynasty,the development is unique to the other philosophies.With rich cultural connotations and philosophical thoughts,TCM is certainly the key to the treasures of Chinese civilization and deserves more attention and exploration.

Mathematical model for flood routing in Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake network

The main stream of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, and the river network in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River constitute a complex water system. This paper develops a one-dimensional （l-D） mathematical model for flood routing in the river network Of the Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake using the explicit finite volume method. Based on observed data during the flood periods in 1996 and 1998, the model was calibrated and validated, and the results show that the model is effective and has high accuracy. In addition, the one-dimensional mathematical model for the river network and the horizontal two-dimensional （2-D） mathematical model for the Jingjiang flood diversion area were coupled to simulate the flood process in the Jingjiang River, Dongting Lake, and the Jingjiang flood diversion area. The calculated results of the coupled model are consistent with the practical processes. Meanwhile, the results show that the flood diversion has significant effects on the decrease of the peak water level at the Shashi and Chenjiawan hydrological stations near the flood diversion gates, and the effect is more obvious in the downstream than in the upstream.

Development Model of Rural Complex against the Backdrop of Rural Revitalization Strategy: A Case Study of "Baixianggu" in Jing’an County

Rural complex is a new type of rural revitalization and development model,and fully mastering the concept and connotation of this model is of great significance to the construction of rural complex in our country.This paper makes an all-round research and discussion on the basic situation,development advantages,model characteristics and existing problems of the rural complex development model of Baixianggu in Jing’an County,and puts forward the corresponding optimization path in view of the existing problems of Baixianggu project,in order to provide scientific and objective reference basis for the construction of national rural complex.

A Comparative Study of Two Spanish Versions of the Poem Junzi Xielao of Shi Jing

The purpose of this paper is to do a comparative study of two complete Spanish versions of Shi Jing with a detailed analysis of the poem Junzi Xielao.The culture and personal backgrounds of the two translators,their translation purposes and intended readers largely influenced the translating style and technique of the two versions.

Molecular mapping of the hybrid necrosis gene NetJingY176 in Aegilops tauschii using microsatellite markers

The rich genetic variation preserved in collections of Aegilops tauschii can be readily exploited to improve common wheat using synthetic hexaploid wheat lines. However,hybrid necrosis, which is characterized by progressive death of leaves or plants, has been observed in certain interspecific crosses between tetraploid wheat and Ae. tauschii. The aim of this study was to construct a fine genetic map of a gene(temporarily named Net Jing Y176)conferring hybrid necrosis in Ae. tauschii accession Jing Y176. A triploid F1 population derived from distant hybridization between Ae. tauschii and tetraploid wheat was used to map the gene with microsatellite markers. The newly developed markers Xsdau K539 and Xsdau K561 co-segregated with Net Jing Y176 on chromosome arm 2DS. The tightly linked markers developed in this study were used to genotype 91 Ae. tauschii accessions. The marker genotype analysis suggested that 49.45% of the Ae. tauschii accessions carry Net Jing Y176. Interestingly, hybrid necrosis genotypes tended to appear more commonly in Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii than in Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata.

Tracing the Origin of the Concept of Chinese"Feng Jing"

The original concept of"Feng Jing"in China is different from the"Scenery"derived from ancient Greek and Roman theater scenes,and from the"Landscape"created in the eyes of Dutch painters and extended through multiple disciplines.We found that the Chinese concept of"Feng Jing"originated in the comprehensive understanding of the objective world and from beginning to end to explore the relationship between heaven,earth and human beings.From the initial need for the survival of the living environment of human beings to the symbolic meaning of cultural structure that gradually becomes a custom,it comes from the scientific cognition of two natural elements,"Feng"(风)and"Jing"(景).The concept of"Feng","Jing"and"Feng Jing",which the Chinese people have been accustomed to since ancient times,has a comprehensive and diversified meaning from the very beginning and transcends the concepts of"Scenery"and"Landscape".Just because of the modern and contemporary Western analysis tradition and the trend of scientific analysis,the original intention is lost.

From TCM Practice to Classic Texts:The Case of Henry C.Lu’s A Complete Translation of the Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine and the Difficult Classic(Nei-Jing and Nan-Jing)

In memory of Dr.Henry C.Lu,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,educator and translator,this article provides an overview of his masterpiece A Complete Translation of the Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine and the Difficult Classic(Nei-Jing and Nan-Jing)from the perspectives of book section,translation ideology and translation strategies.We then identify the features of TCM classics translated by overseas TCM practitioners and educators through analyzing exemplary characteristics of this translation.Their translations are often teaching oriented with plain and easy-to-read language,thus making TCM classics practical and applicable in clinic practice.Although these works are found in very few library collections of academic institutions,they received positive comments from readers including foreign TCM practitioners and students.

INVESTIGATION OF BEHAVIOR OF AMMONIUM SULFATE ON SURFACE OF IRON OXIDE Rong Sheng LI~*, Jing Feng CHEN, Hun YANG, Wu Yang ZHANG Dept. of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023,

hhen ammonium sulfate-iron oxide is treated below 573 K, ammonium sulfate can spontaneously desperse on the surface of iron oxide. Simultaneously ammonium sulfate decomposes to some extent. During or after the dispersion, sulfate ion can interact with Fe atom on the surface of iron oxide to form a sort of surface sulfato complex of Fe and thus is transformed from the isolated into the bidentately bound form. Above 573 K the sulfato complex of Fe will gradually decompose with a further increase in temperature.

Premodern Intercultural Communication by Reanalyzing the Phrase“Da Yi Jing Cheng(大医精诚)”

Culture is fluid,not static.When one culture meets and blends with another,Westerm academic circles tend to use cultural hybridity to express a mixed state of culture.By reanalyzing the classic texts in relation to“Da Yi Jing Cheng(大医精诚)”,tracing the evolution of traditional medical ethics in history,and combining the knowledge of cultural hybridity,this paper suggests that cultural hybridity is not applicable to the discussion on the phenomenon of intercultural communication in the era before the rise of national states and modernity.A new discourse is needed to express intercultural integration,one that breaks through Western values and embodies the characteristics of Asian civilization.Civilization exchange and mutual learning can become the ideal model of intercultural communication under the background of the“Belt and Road Initiative”.

The Taoism Philosophy within Traditional Chinese Medicine:The Relation between Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)anti Dao De Jing(《道德经》Tao Te Jing)

Taoism refers lo an indigenous Chinese philosophical and religious tradition.For more than two and a half millennia,it has had a profound social and intellectual influence on Eastern Asia and since the 19^th century has deeply influenced Western countries.Dao DeJing(《道德经》Tao TeJing)is still considered to be the primary text of Taoism.The Too TeJing is attributed to Laozi,the classical Chinese Philosopher,and describes the major doctrines of Taoism.It is most relevant to Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).This article offers a brief introduction to the Taoism within TCM-the relation between Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor s Inner Classic)and Dao De Jing(《道德经》Tao TeJing).

Discussion on the Theory of Pricking Blood in Nei Jing from the Perspective of Time

Objective:The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of time factors recorded in Nei Jing,such as changes of Yin Yang in four seasons,the wax and wane of the moon and the rhythm of Yin Yang in a day,on pricking blood therapy.Methods:The contents of pricking blood according to time in Nei Jing is studied by using the method of literature review.Results:Through the research,this paper concludes that(1)pricking blood according to time takes"the correspondence between nature and man"as the dominant thought,"meridian Qi and Blood"as the regulating object,and"time factor"as the specie operation key,which reflects the influence of time on pricking blood therapy;(2)pricking blood therapy has different speci行c operations according to different time,which can be roughly divided into three situations.One is to prick blood according to the change of seasons,pricking shallowly with expelling less blood in spring and summer and pricking deeply with squeezing more blood out in autumn and winter.The second is pricking blood according to the laws of moon's wax and wane.When the moon is born,the amount of bleeding should be less;when the moon is full,the amount of bleeding should be more;when the moon wanes,pricking blood therapy should not be used.Thirdly,take pricking blood therapy according to circadian rhythm.It is more suitable to use pricking blood therapy in the morning than afternoon.Conclusion:As a characteristic therapy of TCM,pricking blood embodies the idea of"the correspondence between nature and man"in TCM.Adopting different pricking blood rules according to the change of time can improve the clinical therapeutic effect.The thought of pricking according to time plays an important guiding role in the application of pricking blood therapy in clinic.

Analysis of the Application of“Jing(精)”in Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲自〉Compendium of Materia Medica)

Taking the Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)(Jinling edition金陵本)as the research object and“Jing”as the search term,this article summarizes the quantity of medicinals containing“Jing”in Ben Cao Gang Mu,analyzes the connotation and application of“Jing”in traditional Chinese medicine,and finds that the application of“Jing”in medicine does not deviate from the original meaning of“Jing,”but endows it with the concepts of medicine and pharmacy,and expands the application scope of“Jing.”This study is helpful to understand and use spermicide more reasonably.

The influence of the study of Confucianism and Taoism on the connotation of Shen in Nei Jing

This article analyzes the connotation of Shen in Confucianism and Taoism and Shen in Nei Jing by using the method of literature review,and it raises:the two are closely related.First of all,on the basis of the meaning of"god"before the pre-Qin period,the study of Confucianism and Taoism enriches the connotation of Shen,it extracts many implications,such as"magic","unpredictable","mental spirits","Xin Shen","intelligence","laws"etc.,endowing Shen with philosophy meanings.Secondly,Nei Jing introduces Shen with philosophy meanings into the field of Chinese medicine to explain phenomena related to life,at the same time,it confirms the reality of Shen and constructs a complete Shen theory system.

Huang Jingsheng, “Station Master with Iron Man Spirit” in the New Era

Huang Jingsheng,55 years old,has been rooted in the production line for 37 years.With the oil spirit of“dedication and earnestness,and three values four musts”,the innovation spirit of commitment to reform and excellence,and the passion and devotion to work,he deserves to be the iron man of the era and an excellent representative of industrial workers in the new era.No.1 Oil Production Plant named him as“Station Master with Iron Man Spirit”,and Xiliu No.10 Oil Interchange Station as“Huang Jingsheng Station”.

Research progress on the effect of the combination of Jing acupoints bloodletting therapy and Sangzhi (Mori Ramulus) on shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke

Shoulder-hand syndrome(SHS)is one of the common complications of ischemic stroke.The pathogenesis is not completely clear and the therapeutic effects are not very satisfactory.As one of the Five-Shu acupoints(the general terms of acupoints that the twelve meridians are located below the elbow and knee of the body),Jing acupoints is distributed at the end of fingers and toes where the twelve meridians of the human body pass by,and has the functions of stimulating the meridians and dredging the channels and collaterals.For the effects of discharging neurons,promoting cerebral blood flow and improving the brain micro-circulation,Jing acupoints bloodletting therapy can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of the patients with SHS after stroke.Sangzhi(Mori Ramulus),with the ability of dredging the meridian and relieving the pain,is also has certain treatment functions to the SHS.In clinical practice,the combination of Jing acupoints bloodletting and Sangzhi(Mori Ramulus)have been widely used in the treatment of various diseases,and in terms of their mechanism of action,the combined treatment has a positive effect on post-stroke SHS,but there are few reports on this.Therefore,it is worth affirming the efficacy of combined treatment of SHS after stroke.This article elaborates the theoretical basis of Jing acupoints bloodletting on SHS after stroke,and the research progress of Sangzhi(Mori Ramulus)in treating SHS after stroke,which provide the theoretical guidance for the combination.

Series of Interpretation on Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic: Two Correspondence between Human and the Heaven: Views from Huang Di Nei Jing (《黄帝内经》 Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)

This paper introduces the relations between human and the nature in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).TCM is a science dedicated to studies on laws of human life activities.

Analysis on Characteristic Diagnosis Technology and Application Progress of Jing Nationality Medicine

Jing Medicine, as an important part of China’s ethnic medicine and culture, is characterized by its unique theories, rich content, and abundant resources, showcasing distinctive features of minority regions. The Jing ethnic group is distributed in coastal and border areas of China, and after thousands of years of development, it has formed a rich marine-oriented medical system in the struggle against the environment and diseases, displaying unique medication characteristics and clinical efficacy. According to Jing Medicine, the human body is an organic whole that is unified with the natural and social environment. It believes that the heavens and earth are the spirits of all things, and all things possess spiritual energy, which is closely connected to the human body’s spiritual energy. The utilization of marine organisms in medicine is the greatest feature of Jing Medicine, and it is a common approach used by the local population for disease prevention and treatment. To further explore Jing Medicine, improve the repository of ethnic medicine culture, and address the insufficient understanding of Jing Medicine in traditional Chinese medicine culture, this article provides a comprehensive review of the distinctive diagnostic and therapeutic theories, techniques, and applications of internal and external treatments in Jing Medicine.