Comparative Study of Changes in Stress-drop of the Jinggu MS6.6 and Ludian MS6.5 Earthquake Sequences

The earthquake stress-drop values of two sequences were accurately calculated after taking away the effects due to regional earthquake anelastic attenuation and station site response,using waveform data and seismic phase data of sequences of the Jinggu M_S6. 6,and Ludian M_S6. 5 earthquakes in Yunnan. These results show that the stress drop with magnitude increases within the scope of this study of magnitude. After eliminating the influence of the magnitude,the average value of stress-drop in the Jinggu sequence is higher than that of the Ludian sequence at the same magnitude range. This may be related to the stress state in different regions. In terms of the changes of time and space of stress-drop,before M_S5. 8 strong aftershock,the stress-drop is "slowing down-turning up-keeping a high value"after the mainshock,meanwhile,almost all of the abnormally high stress drop value is distributed around the M_S5. 8 strong aftershock, showing that the stress environment in the region was increasing after the mainshock. And after the M_S5. 9 strong aftershock,stress-drop rapidly declines to a relatively stable state,meanwhile,the high value of stress-drop is distributed around the strong aftershock,showing that the regional tectonic stress gets more fully release,its stress environment begins to rapidly decrease.For the Ludian sequence without a strong aftershock occurring,the average value of stress drop is lower than that of the Jinggu earthquake sequence at the same magnitude range,while at the same time,the stress-drop of the aftershock sequence almost hasn't changed much. In the time after the mainshock,combined with the release characteristics of the main energy,the stress in the region is excessively released,the subsequent stress in the region gradually returns to normal. This may be the reason why the activity of Ludianaftershocks significantly was weaker and subsequently there were no strong aftershocks occurred.

Characteristics of gravity fields in the Jinggu M6. 6 earthquake

Based on the study of high-precision gravity data obtained from recent studies and the regional gravi- ty network for Yunnan province, a variation in the regional gravity field was identified before the occurrence of the Yunnan Jinggu M6.6 earthquake.

Comparison of strong-motion records and damage implications between the 2014 Yunnan M_S6.5 Ludian earthquake and M_S6.6 Jinggu earthquake

Serial destructive earthquakes have caused heavy casualties and economic losses to the city in southwestern of China. The Ludian Ms 6.5 earthquake and the Jinggu Ms 6.6 earthquake occurred in Yunnan province in 2014. There is a question of why the two events with almost the same level of magnitude caused differences in earthquake damage. To understand the uniqueness of the phenomenon, this paper focuses on the characteristics of the ground motions and post-earthquake field investigation for the two events. Firstly, we present an overview of the residuals between the Ludian earthquake and the Jinggu earthquake based on the YW06 Ground Motion Prediction Equation （GMPE）, and explain the unusual destructiveness of the strong ground motion. Then we analyze the ground motion recordings at selected typical station, based on the strong motion parameters： equivalent predominant frequency and Arias intensity. The result exhibits a good agreement with the Chinese seismic intensity scale. This study would be helpful to gain a better knowledge of the characteristics and variability of ground motions for Ms6 class earthquakes in China and to understand the implications to future earthquakes with similar focal mechanism and local condition.

Population and housing grid spatialization in Yunnan Province based on grid sampling and application of rapid earthquake loss assessment:the Jinggu Ms6. 6 earthquake

Population and housing grid data spatialization hased on 340 grid samples （ 1 kmx 1 kin） is used in- stead of regional statistical data to simulate the population and housing distribution data of Yunnan Province （ 1 km×1 kin） for rapid loss assessment ibr the Jinggu Ms6.6 earthquake. The resuhs indicate that the method reflects the actual population and housing distribution and that the assessment results are eredihle. The method can be used to quickly provide spatial orientation disaster information after an earthquake.

新源-和静M_(S)6.6地震余震序列自动处理结果

使用地震实时智能处理(RISP)系统处理2012-06-30新疆新源-和静M_(S)6.6地震序列,并与人工编目结果进行对比。结果表明,二者定位结果较为一致,发震时刻差值主要集中在±2 s内,震中偏差范围主要集中在10 km内,震源深度差值主要集中在25 km内,且以20 km内居多,震级偏差范围为±M_(L)0.4,多数集中在±M_(L)0.2。RISP系统检测到的相同地震同震相的到时差主要集中在±0.25 s之间,对Pg震相的识别率高于Sg震相。

云南景谷MS6.6地震震源区深部电性结构及其孕震环境

2014年10月7日云南景谷地区发生MS6.6地震,震源机制显示此次地震为逆走滑型,地震断层面走向140°,同时余震分布显示破裂面走向也为NNW向。文中对1条横穿景谷震区,与地震破裂面垂直的大地电磁测线数据进行了由定性到定量的全面分析,通过二维非线性共轭梯度（NLCG）反演得到了震源区较为详细的地壳电性结构。结果表明：1）震源区电性结构可以分为4层：地表以下约4km为相对低阻层,主要由中、新生代盆地沉积岩组成,电阻率10~100Ω·m;地下5~10km为相对高阻层,可能由元古界变质岩系组成,电阻率〉1000Ω·m;15~30km为中下地壳低阻层,电阻率〈10Ω·m;30km以下为壳幔过渡层,电阻率值约为30Ω·m。2）景谷地震主震发生在高阻层和壳内低阻层的分界面上。3）对余震的震源深度统计发现5km和10km两个深度范围内余震较多,与电性梯度带的位置相对应。

甘肃岷县漳县Ms6.6地震前“陆态网络”基准站东西分量时序曲线异常特征研究

收集了甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震前震中附近"陆态网络"基准站GPS数据,并应用PODAP软件进行解算。结果发现震中附近大多数基准站位移三分量时间序列曲线出现突变性异常,异常分量主要为东西分量;异常出现时间集中在震前4周左右;异常幅度为10mm左右。

2014年云南景谷MS6.6地震前地震活动变化分析

基于Region-Time-Length（RTL）算法,使用震前约6a和15a的地震目录定量检验了2014年景谷MS6.6地震前的地震活动变化。研究时段近6a的分析结果显示：自2013年初在震中附近检测到地震活动增强,空间异常分布在22.5°～24.5°N,99°～102°E内,异常范围和异常程度随时间由小变大再变小;综合反映区域地震活动水平的参数RTL面积分——I（RTL）从2013年8月开始上升,达到峰值点后回落,峰值点至地震发生的时间间隔为9个月。研究时段近15a时,研究区内发生了2007年宁洱MS6.4地震,结果表明：宁洱地震前检测到地震活动平静;景谷地震前,先检测到地震活动平静,后于震前1a检测到地震活动增强,异常分布在22.5°～25°N,99.5°～101.5°E范围内,I（RTL）峰值与地震发生的时间间隔为7个月。这说明即使发震位置相距较近且震级相当的地震,震前的地震活动变化也会明显不同。对于景谷MS6.6,不同研究时段检测到的结果虽有不同,但震前地震活动增强异常区的分布和参数I（RTL）出现峰值的时间较一致,所以探索RTL空间分布和参数I（RTL）与发震位置和时间的关系有重要的研究意义。

基于和达法分析2012年新源、和静交界M_(S)6.6地震波速比变化特征

基于新疆地震台网观测报告,利用多台和单台和达法对2012年6月30日新源、和静交界M_(S)6.6地震前后波速比变化特征进行分析。结果显示:①多台和达法结果显示,在新源、和静交界M_(S)6.6地震前,震中周围区域波速比出现低值异常,震后恢复正常值;②单台和达法计算结果表明,波速比异常台站主要分布在震中附近西部和北部,异常形态以高低值突跳为主,仅持续11天时间;③由台站不同方位的地震波速比计算结果可知,波速比历经低值异常—恢复—发震的演变过程。由此证明,波速比变化与未来强震孕育关系密切。

2014年景谷MS6.6和2018年墨江MS5.9地震前视应力、视体积异常特征研究

岩石力学性质实验显示,岩石破坏前会出现扩容现象,可用累积视体积的变化来度量岩体体积的变化。结合岩石破坏前应力-应变关系,通过对滇西南块体震源参数的计算,探讨2014年景谷MS6.6和2018年墨江MS5.9地震前后,震源区及邻区视应力、视体积的变化特征。结果表明:该区的地震视应力与震级、地震矩的皮尔逊相关系数r分别为0.73,0.58,视应力与震级的相关性较大,与地震矩存在正相关关系;景谷MS6.6地震前8.4个月和墨江MS5.9地震前4.2个月,视应力和归准化视应力均出现高值异常,累积视体积增长,且增长速率增大。景谷地震前其震源区、墨江地震前震源区同一断裂带南段为视应力高值区域。

The coseismic displacements of the 2013 Lushan Mw6.6 earthquake determined using continuous global positioning system measurements

Based on Continuous GPS （CGPS） observation data of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China （CMONOC） and the Sichuan Continuous Operational Reference System （ SCCORS）, we calculated the horizontal coseismic displacements of CGPS sites caused by the 2013 Lushan Mw 6.6 earthquake. The resuits indicate that the horizontal coseismic deformations of CGPS stations are consistent with thrust-compression rupture. Furthermore, the sites closest to the epicenter underwent significant coseismic displacements. Three network stations exhibited displacements greater than 9 mm （ the largest is 20.9 mm at SCTQ） , while the others were displaced approximately 1 -4 mm.

Strong ground motion simulation for the 2013 Lushan M_W6.6 earthquake, Sichuan, China, based on the inverted and synthetic slip models

It is well known that quantitative estimation of slip distributions on fault plane is one of the most important issues for earthquake source inversion related to the fault rupture process. The characteristics of slip distribution on the main fault play a fundamental role to control strong ground motion pattern. A large amount of works have also suggested that variable slip models inverted from longer period ground motion recordings are relevant for the prediction of higher frequency ground motions. Zhang et al. （Chin J Geophys 56：1412-1417, 2013） and Wang et al. （Chin J Geophys 56：1408-1411,2013） published their source inversions for the fault rupturing process soon after the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake in Sichuan, China. In this study, first, we synthesize two forward source slip models： the value of maximum slip, fault dimension, size, and dimension of major asperities, and comer wave number obtained from Wang＇s model is adopted to constrain the gen- eration of k-2 model and crack model. Next, both inverted and synthetic slip models are employed to simulate the ground motions for the Lushan earthquake based on the stochastic finite-fault method. In addition, for a comparison purpose, a stochastic slip model and another k-2 model （k 2 model II） with 2 times value of comer wave number of the original k-2 model （k 2 model I） are also employed for simulation for Lushan event. The simulated results characterized by Modified Mer- calli Intensity （MMI） show that the source slip models based on the inverted and synthetic slip distributions could capture many basic features associated with the ground motion patterns. Moreover, the simulated MMI distributions reflect the rupture directivity effect and the influence of the shallow velocity structure well. On the other hand, the simulated MMI bystochastic slip model and k 2 model II is apparently higher than observed intensity. By contrast, our simulation results show that the higher frequency ground motion is sensitive to the degree of slip roughness; therefore, we suggest that, for realistic ground- motion simulations due to future earthquake, it is imperative to properly estimate the slip roughness distribution.

Relocation of the Jinghe M_S6.6 Earthquake Sequence on August 9,2017 and Analysis of the Seismogenic Structure

Based on the digital waveforms of the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network,the Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake sequence( M_L≥1. 0) were relocated by HypoDD,The characteristics of the spatial distribution and the seismogenic structure of this earthquake sequence were analyzed. The results show that the main shock is relocated at 44. 2639° N,82. 8294° E,and the initial rupture depth is 17. 6 km. The earthquake sequence clearly demonstrates a unilateral extension of about 20 km in the EW direction,and is mainly located at a depth of 7km-17 km. The depth profile along the aftershock direction shows that the focal depth of aftershocks tend to be shallower within 10 km to the west of the main shock,the focal depth of the aftershock sequence with the tail direction deflecting SW is deeper. The depth profile perpendicular to the earthquake sequence shows a gradual deepening of the seismic sequence from north to south,which indicates that the fault plane is dipping south.According to the focal mechanism solution,given by the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,and the geological structure of the seismic source region,it is inferred that the seismogenic structure of the Jinghe M_S 6.6 earthquake may be the eastern segment of the Kusongmuxieke fault.

2014年景谷6.6级地震前重力场异常特征研究

地震的孕育发生过程伴随着构造运动、物质迁移和密度变化,将引起地球重力场变化,流动重力重复观测有可能捕捉到与地震孕育有关的前兆信息,从而为中短期地震预测提供重要依据.对云南地区流动重力观测资料进行整体计算分析,研究了2014年10月7日云南景谷6.6级地震前区域重力场动态演化特征,并利用小波多尺度分解技术对布格重力异常和区域重力场动态变化进行分解,并选取合适的小波基分离得到不同深度场源特征的地壳介质横向不均匀性.结果表明,EGM2008布格重力异常数据和实测重力数据的小波多尺度结果较为一致.对比分析发现,此次景谷地震发生在区域重力场负异常的边缘,由负向正变化的高梯度带附近.基于小波多尺度分解的重力场图像能较清晰地反映2014年景谷6.6级地震孕育、发生过程中震中区域深部物质密度变化引起的异常,为地球构造运动及孕震机理研究提供一定参考.

阿克陶MW6.6地震的发震构造及滑动特征

2016年11月25日新疆阿克陶发生了MW6.6地震。通常震中所处断层的破裂特性与周围区域应力场的动力学特征具有紧密的联系。通过对发震构造断层的精确刻画以及区域地壳中应力释放细节的深入探究,可以加深对发震构造周围地震动力学特征的认识,同时也对判定当地未来一段时间内的地震活动趋势提供了重要参考。首先搜集整理了震源附近的26条余震震源机制,利用网格搜索法反演得到震中附近的应力场,发现该地区主压应力方向为157.36°,倾伏角为1.15°,主张应力方向为66.56°,倾伏角为34.98°,与该地所处的帕米尔高原陆内俯冲形成近东西向断裂的右旋走滑兼有逆冲的背景相一致;然后利用389条余震精定位数据,结合高斯-牛顿算法和模拟退火算法拟合得到发震断层面的走向为103.64°、倾角为65.65°,这与木吉右旋走滑断裂的几何特征基本重合;将所求应力场投影到断层上,得到滑动角为152.77°,该地震表现为右旋走滑断层;最后利用本研究获得的区域应力张量模拟得到的该状态下的各种形状断层面的相对应力分布,发现该地震发生的断层面的相对剪应力接近1,破裂方向与震源区的最优剪切力方向相同,表明该地震是在应力场作用下沿着最有利于背景应力释放的方向上发生的。研究结论对深入理解震源区及周围的构造演化过程和应力状态具有积极的意义。

临潭—宕昌断裂带两次中强地震前宕昌地震台水管倾斜观测的异常变化分析

通过对宕昌地震台DSQ型水管倾斜观测2009~2019年观测资料的分析,结合2013年岷县—漳县6.6级地震(震中距54 km)和2019年夏河5.7级地震(震中距195 km),详细解析了宕昌水管倾斜观测资料的趋势异常变化与发生在临潭—宕昌断裂带附近地震之间的关系。并总结出了宕昌水管倾斜观测在临潭—宕昌断裂带附近发生地震前的异常变化特征—东西分量在地震发生前出现了加速变化期和转折变化期,北南分量在东西分量出现转折变化时同步出现加速或转折变化。

2014年云南3次M>6地震灾害特征对比分析

以2014年云南地区发生的盈江6.1、鲁甸6.5和景谷6.6级等3次震级相近的地震为研究对象,在总结分析3次地震的灾害特征基础上,分析引发鲁甸地震灾害较重及盈江、景谷地震灾害相对较轻的原因,针对地震灾害区域性差异特点提出了农居房屋建房理念、结构抗震选址以及应急处置等方面的建议。

2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震触发滑坡及其构造分析

2013年7月22日,甘肃省岷县漳县交界发生了M S6.6地震。地震触发了大量的、类型各种各样的滑坡。滑坡类型以黄土崖崩、滑、倾为主,还有一些深层连贯型土质滑坡、大型土质流滑、斜坡裂缝等类型。地震滑坡主要分布在一个与临潭-宕昌断裂平行的长条形区域内。该长条形区域面积约为250km2,长度约40km,最大宽度约8km。对应不同构造段落的区域内滑坡发育程度不同,反映了不同段落发震构造的特征差异。滑坡的主体分布范围与震中位置表明了构造破裂是从SEE向NWW方向发展的。最后,分析了该滑坡主体分布区中心线与临潭-宕昌断裂在空间地理位置上相差10km的2种可能的原因。

2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震震害分布特征及发震构造分析

2013年7月22日,甘肃岷县漳县M S6.6地震发生在南北地震带的中北段,东昆仑断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂是该地区复杂多样的构造几何特征中2条主要的边界控制断裂。这次地震的震害分布与临潭-宕昌断裂的走向基本一致,为长轴走向NWW的椭圆,极震区内严重破坏范围也完全位于该断裂带内,这与临潭-宕昌断裂复杂的几何结构密切相关,也说明地震的发生是多条次级断裂共同作用的结果。综合分析认为,受西秦岭北缘断裂带向南侧的扩展和青藏高原向NE扩展过程中东昆仑断裂带的NE向挤压作用共同影响下的临潭-宕昌断裂是这次地震的发震构造。

2014年云南景谷6.6级地震与云南鲁甸6.5级地震致灾因素分析

介绍了2014年连续发生的云南景谷6.6级地震与云南鲁甸6.5级地震灾害情况,从地震烈度、房屋建筑震害、人口密度、次生灾害与地理环境等致灾因素进行了对比分析,初步总结了两次地震灾情差异性。