The non-cooperative action in the social dilemma situation might, at the worst case, lead to violation of social rules （or regulations）. A repetitive N-person social dilemma game that permit the participants to chan...The non-cooperative action in the social dilemma situation might, at the worst case, lead to violation of social rules （or regulations）. A repetitive N-person social dilemma game that permit the participants to change jobs between organizations （groups） and mutually interact between groups was carried out to investigate how ＂limitation for job change＂, ＂cost for job change＂, and ＂incentive （enhancement of personal career）＂ affected the cooperation. The cost for job change effectively worked for the enhancement of cooperation. When the cost for job change was not necessary, the cooperative behavior was enhanced. When the cost for job change was necessary, it tended that a non-cooperative action was selected. When the limitation and the cost for job change were imposed, and the participants were provided with the incentive for cooperation, the cooperation rate was the highest. A significant interaction between the incentive condition （enhancement of personal career） and the limitation for job change was also clarified.展开更多
Objectives:This study was to longitudinally investigate the association between occupational change trajectories and mental health in the Korean population aged 45 years and older from the Korean Longitudinal Study of...Objectives:This study was to longitudinally investigate the association between occupational change trajectories and mental health in the Korean population aged 45 years and older from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(KLo-SA).Methods:After excluding missing values,the data of 6,224 participants from thefirst to eighth waves of the KLo-SA were analyzed using t-test,Analysis of variance(ANOVA),Group-based Trajectory Model(GBTM)from 1–5th KLoSA and Time-Lagged Generalized estimating equation(GEE)model from 5–8th KLoSA to analyze the association between occupational change trajectories and mental health in the Korean population aged 45 years and older.Results:An analysis of the association between occupational change trajectories and mental health demonstrated that,among all age group,the“sustained in unemployment”group had a worse MMSE and CESD score compared to“sustained WC”group.unlike the under-54 age group,those aged≥55 years demonstrated reductions in the MMSE and CESD scores in the sustained unemployment and the changed working condition from Standard BC to Unemployment groups,whereas those who underwent a change from the Standard WC to unemployment group only demonstrated a reduction in MMSE scores.Conclusions:There was a close relationship between occupational change trajectories and mental health.Therefore,this study can serve as the foundation for policies and institutional measures to manage the deteriorate mental health in the late middle-aged and older population.展开更多
Uygur women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China, are well known across the na- tion for their long braided hair and dancing talent. Raziya Kadir, though, deviates from the stereotype by virtue of her ...Uygur women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China, are well known across the na- tion for their long braided hair and dancing talent. Raziya Kadir, though, deviates from the stereotype by virtue of her short hair,展开更多
文摘The non-cooperative action in the social dilemma situation might, at the worst case, lead to violation of social rules （or regulations）. A repetitive N-person social dilemma game that permit the participants to change jobs between organizations （groups） and mutually interact between groups was carried out to investigate how ＂limitation for job change＂, ＂cost for job change＂, and ＂incentive （enhancement of personal career）＂ affected the cooperation. The cost for job change effectively worked for the enhancement of cooperation. When the cost for job change was not necessary, the cooperative behavior was enhanced. When the cost for job change was necessary, it tended that a non-cooperative action was selected. When the limitation and the cost for job change were imposed, and the participants were provided with the incentive for cooperation, the cooperation rate was the highest. A significant interaction between the incentive condition （enhancement of personal career） and the limitation for job change was also clarified.
文摘Objectives:This study was to longitudinally investigate the association between occupational change trajectories and mental health in the Korean population aged 45 years and older from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(KLo-SA).Methods:After excluding missing values,the data of 6,224 participants from thefirst to eighth waves of the KLo-SA were analyzed using t-test,Analysis of variance(ANOVA),Group-based Trajectory Model(GBTM)from 1–5th KLoSA and Time-Lagged Generalized estimating equation(GEE)model from 5–8th KLoSA to analyze the association between occupational change trajectories and mental health in the Korean population aged 45 years and older.Results:An analysis of the association between occupational change trajectories and mental health demonstrated that,among all age group,the“sustained in unemployment”group had a worse MMSE and CESD score compared to“sustained WC”group.unlike the under-54 age group,those aged≥55 years demonstrated reductions in the MMSE and CESD scores in the sustained unemployment and the changed working condition from Standard BC to Unemployment groups,whereas those who underwent a change from the Standard WC to unemployment group only demonstrated a reduction in MMSE scores.Conclusions:There was a close relationship between occupational change trajectories and mental health.Therefore,this study can serve as the foundation for policies and institutional measures to manage the deteriorate mental health in the late middle-aged and older population.
文摘Uygur women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwest China, are well known across the na- tion for their long braided hair and dancing talent. Raziya Kadir, though, deviates from the stereotype by virtue of her short hair,
