The mechanism through which exit options and outside opportunities affect cooperation outcomes has not been well studied in the resource management literature, since a deep analysis of the concepts of “exit options”...The mechanism through which exit options and outside opportunities affect cooperation outcomes has not been well studied in the resource management literature, since a deep analysis of the concepts of “exit options” and “outside opportunities” is missing. This article analyzes these concepts across the common pool resource management literature, investigates the factors that underlie “opting out” decisions, and reviews potential ways to operationalize these concepts for empirical analysis. It also explores how the relationship of cooperation and exit options may be influenced by broad economic processes, such as economic integration.展开更多
China on Friday unveiled a plan to promote high-quality development in resource-rich regions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,according to the country's top economic regulator.The new plan,jointly released by...China on Friday unveiled a plan to promote high-quality development in resource-rich regions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,according to the country's top economic regulator.The new plan,jointly released by the National Development and Reform Commission,the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Natural Resources,requires pushing forward the high-quality development of resource-rich regions while stimulating innovation potential,improving systems and mechanisms,and enhancing weak links in people's well-being.展开更多
学习资源的质量和数量直接影响着数字化学习的效果,而学习资源标准的发展又引领着资源建设和共享的实践活动的发展,是学习资源研究和应用的"制高点"。本文详细的介绍了IMS Common Cartridge和SCORM 2.0两个最新的学习资源规...学习资源的质量和数量直接影响着数字化学习的效果,而学习资源标准的发展又引领着资源建设和共享的实践活动的发展,是学习资源研究和应用的"制高点"。本文详细的介绍了IMS Common Cartridge和SCORM 2.0两个最新的学习资源规范的研究进展,并结合泛在学习的需求,分析和评述了它们各自的特色和不足。在此基础上,本文进一步对未来学习资源形态的可进化性、分布式、社会性、情境性、开放性、复合性等发展趋势做了简要的展望。展开更多
文摘The mechanism through which exit options and outside opportunities affect cooperation outcomes has not been well studied in the resource management literature, since a deep analysis of the concepts of “exit options” and “outside opportunities” is missing. This article analyzes these concepts across the common pool resource management literature, investigates the factors that underlie “opting out” decisions, and reviews potential ways to operationalize these concepts for empirical analysis. It also explores how the relationship of cooperation and exit options may be influenced by broad economic processes, such as economic integration.
文摘China on Friday unveiled a plan to promote high-quality development in resource-rich regions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,according to the country's top economic regulator.The new plan,jointly released by the National Development and Reform Commission,the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Natural Resources,requires pushing forward the high-quality development of resource-rich regions while stimulating innovation potential,improving systems and mechanisms,and enhancing weak links in people's well-being.
文摘学习资源的质量和数量直接影响着数字化学习的效果,而学习资源标准的发展又引领着资源建设和共享的实践活动的发展,是学习资源研究和应用的"制高点"。本文详细的介绍了IMS Common Cartridge和SCORM 2.0两个最新的学习资源规范的研究进展,并结合泛在学习的需求,分析和评述了它们各自的特色和不足。在此基础上,本文进一步对未来学习资源形态的可进化性、分布式、社会性、情境性、开放性、复合性等发展趋势做了简要的展望。