Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization of Satellite Launch Vehicle Using Latin Hypercube Design of Experiments

The design of new Satellite Launch Vehicle （SLV） is of interest, especially when a combination of Solid and Liquid Propulsion is included. Proposed is a conceptual design and optimization technique for multistage Low Earth Orbit （LEO） bound SLV comprising of solid and liquid stages with the use of Genetic Algorithm （GA） as global optimizer. Convergence of GA is improved by introducing initial population based on the Design of Experiments （DOE） Technique. Latin Hypercube Sampling （LHS）-DOE is used for its good space filling properties. LHS is a stratified random procedure that provides an efficient way of sampling variables from their multivariate distributions. In SLV design minimum Gross Lift offWeight （GLOW） concept is traditionally being sought. Since the development costs tend to vary as a function of GLOW, this minimum GLOW is considered as a minimum development cost concept. The design approach is meaningful to initial design sizing purpose for its computational efficiency gives a quick insight into the vehicle performance prior to detailed design.

Long March Launch Vehicles Promote Quick and Sound Development of Satellite Applications

INTRODUCTION Launch vehicles are a precondition and main carrier for space activities for human beings.Their development have directly promoted the technology of satellite applications,manned spaceflight,deep space exploration,and promoted the development of communication,navigation,environmental monitoring,resource exploitation,scientific research and so on.

Technology and Market Prospect Analysis of Low Cost Small-lift Launch Vehicles for Small Satellites

The technological development status of new generation low cost small-lift launch vehicles applied to small satellite launch is investigated in this paper. The development trends are summarized, including low cost and rapid response capability, utilization of mature rocket and missile technology, the development of mobile launch technology adopting air-based platforms and use of innovative technology. Moreover, the external power and internal demand of the small-lift launch vehicle are analyzed and the market prospect is forecasted. Finally, proposals for the development of small-lift launch vehicles are put forward, including exploration of the potential of existing rocket and missile technology, development of multi-platform mobile launch technology and further application of innovative technology and ideas.

Innovation and Outlook of the New Generation of Cryogenic and Quick-Launch Launch Vehicle

This paper introduces a launch vehicle scheme for the new generation of cryogenic and quick-launch launch vehicle(LM-6). The main technical innovations of LM-6 launch vehicle include the capability of twenty satellites launched by one vehicle, high-pressure staged combustion cycle engine and oxygen tank self-pressurization, sandwich bulkhead tank with 200 K temperature difference, and 7-day quick-launch using the "three horizontals" test and launch mode with integral transportation and erection. The future development of the quick-launch launch vehicle is predicted based upon the need for vehicle mission coverage improvement, better response speed, and stronger market competiveness.

Low Cost and Reusability of Launch Vehicle

This paper analyzes the launch price of the launch vehicles, domestic and abroad, studies the status and trend of the low cost launch vehicles, and introduces two measures to reduce the cost by means of evolved and disruptive technologies, utilizing the concept of low cost manufacturing and operating modes as well. This paper also analyzes the launch strategies for small satellites such as piggyback, networking launch, and single launch with a small launch vehicle(SLV). Finally, the development trend of reusable launch vehicles is discussed as well as the development prospects for China's reusable launch vehicle.

China and France Plan to Launch First Joint Oceanography Satellite in 2018

The first satellite jointly developed by China and France,China-France Oceanography Satellite（CFOSAT）,will be launched on a LM carrier rocket in the second half of 2018 announced at a press conference jointly held by the China National Space Administration（CNSA）and French embassy in Beijing.The satellite is being tested at a Beijingbased AIT center of CNSA.CFOSAT is an oceanic satellite supported under a joint project of CNSA and the National Center for Space Studies（CNES）of France.

Review and Prospect of LM-3A Series Launch Vehicle As Space Express for BDS

The LM-3A series launch vehicle was used for all launch missions for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)project,including BDS-1,BDS-2,and BDS-3.So it is known as Space Express for BDS.During the 26 years’development period for the BDS project,a series of key technological breakthroughs with the LM-3 A series of launch vehicles were made,improving the launch capability of different payloads into GTO,IGTO and MTO,from sending one satellites into transfer orbit to sending two satellites into transfer orbit,to sending two satellites into target orbit directly.A total of 59 satellites in 44 launches were launched using the LM-3 A series launch vehicle for the BDS project,achieving 100%success.

Robust Attitude Control for Reusable Launch Vehicles Based on Fractional Calculus and Pigeon-inspired Optimization

In this paper, a robust attitude control system based on fractional order sliding mode control and dynamic inversion approach is presented for the reusable launch vehicle RLV during the reentry phase. By introducing the fractional order sliding surface to replace the integer order one, we design robust outer loop controller to compensate the error introduced by inner loop controller designed by dynamic inversion approach. To take the uncertainties of aerodynamic parameters into account, stochastic robustness design approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation and Pigeon-inspired optimization is established to increase the robustness of the controller. Some simulation results are given out which indicate the reliability and effectiveness of the attitude control system. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Hyper Heuristic Approach for Design and Optimization of Satellite Launch Vehicle

Satellite launch vehicle lies at the cross-road of multiple challenging technologies and its design and optimization present a typical example of multidisciplinary design and optimization（MDO） process.The complexity of problem demands highly effi-cient and effective algorithm that can optimize the design.Hyper heuristic approach（HHA） based on meta-heuristics is applied to the optimization of air launched satellite launch vehicle（ASLV）.A non-learning random function（NLRF） is proposed to con-trol low-level meta-heuristics（LLMHs） that increases certainty of global solution,an essential ingredient required in product conceptual design phase of aerospace systems.Comprehensive empirical study is performed to evaluate the performance advan-tages of proposed approach over popular non-gradient based optimization methods.Design of ASLV encompasses aerodynamics,propulsion,structure,stages layout,mass distribution,and trajectory modules connected by multidisciplinary feasible design approach.This approach formulates explicit system-level goals and then forwards the design optimization process entirely over to optimizer.This distinctive approach for launch vehicle system design relieves engineers from tedious,iterative task and en-ables them to improve their component level models.Mass is an impetus on vehicle performance and cost,and so it is considered as the core of vehicle design process.Therefore,gross launch mass is to be minimized in HHA.

固体捆绑火箭联合摇摆控制方法

针对固体捆绑运载火箭固体发动机大范围推力变化、推力不同步问题,提出了一种固体捆绑火箭联合摇摆控制方案。首先利用燃烧室压强估算各台固体发动机实时推力,根据推力变化在线修正控制器参数,以适应固体发动机大范围推力变化;然后采用推力不同步前馈控制,消除推力不同步影响;最后采用固体发动机下沉角实时补偿控制方法,消除固体发动机摆心漂移影响。经仿真验证,该方法可有效解决固体助推器间推力不确定和推力不同步带来的控制难题,大幅提高姿态控制精度,提升固体捆绑火箭飞行适应能力。

国外星箭连接解锁装置技术与应用研究

总结了国外星箭连接解锁装置的技术和产品应用,包括可控柔性包带解锁装置、缓释刚性包带解锁装置、可检测机电包带解锁装置等。国内解锁装置技术仍局限于传统柔性包带,国外已成功开发和应用多类新型连接解锁装置,大大改善了解锁冲击环境。为此,文章提出缓释刚性包带是国内星箭连接解锁装置技术发展的重要突破口,给出了缓释刚性包带的构型、捕获、降冲击及预紧力加载的相关建议,可为国内该领域技术发展提供参考。

包带式星箭连接结构轴向刚度研究

包带锁紧装置广泛用于卫星和运载火箭之间的连接。在发射过程中,它起到连接星箭和传递载荷的作用,合理地确定包带连接结构的强度和刚度对卫星的成功发射至关重要。给出包带连接结构轴向刚度与包带结构参数、预紧力以及轴向拉力之间的关系,提高包带连接结构刚度预测的精确性。首先对包带连接结构各组件的受力情况进行分析;根据各组件受力特点,应用弹性力学理论推导了一定轴向拉力范围内包带连接结构的变形及刚度的解析表达式;最后,针对某型包带锁紧装置与有限元仿真结果进行对比,验证了分析方法和解析表达式的正确性。

整星隔振器的隔振性能分析

根据某配重卫星对隔振性能要求,设计出了一种安装在适配器和星箭界面之间的整星隔振器。建立合理的整星隔振系统有限元模型,在星箭界面上分别施加特定的横向和轴向载荷谱,进行随机振动分析,以验证其隔振性能。对比施加隔振器前后的计算结果,说明所研制的整星隔振系统能够有效地隔离高频段卫星的横向和轴向振动,降低运载火箭发射时传递给卫星的环境载荷,提高卫星发射的可靠性。

卫星星座组网过程的策略规划

卫星星座组网过程包括两方面研究内容:星座部署顺序和运载器选择。阐述了星座部署优化设计的思路,优化目的是使每次发射后星座性能得到最大限度的提升,比较了分别采用启发式进化优化算法和穷举法进行星座部署的区别,指出了对于常见的星座构型,用穷举法进行部署优化的效率较高。讨论了运载器优选的目标函数和约束条件,建立了优选的数学模型。运载器优选本质上是整数规划问题,本文介绍了求解整数规划问题的分支定界法。提出了我国部署中高度圆轨全球导航星座的算例,给出了该星座部署顺序设计和运载器优选的计算结果,结果表明本文提出的方法适用于卫星星座组网过程的策略规划。

包带式星箭紧锁预紧力分析

根据星箭连接处受力情况及紧锁装置的特点，分析了星箭连接处发生松动的可能性，导出了星箭紧锁所需包带预紧力计算公式，提出了解决包带应力分布不均匀的方法。通过与两种型号的实验结果对比，证明了本文分析方法的正确性和计算公式的可信性。本文所得结论为包带式星箭紧锁结构设计提供了依据。

一种整星隔振器的研制

在不改变卫星和运载火箭结构前提下,针对某型号的配重卫星模型的隔振要求和约束条件,研制出一种新型的整星隔振器,安装在适配器和星箭界面之间,阐述隔振器的设计路线,建立合理的有限元模型,进行隔振器的结构参数灵敏度分析和频率响应计算,最后对整星隔振系统的进行动态性能测试。有限元计算结果和试验数据表明,所研制的整星隔振器能够有效地隔离卫星在宽频带上横向和纵向振动,降低发射时运载火箭传递给卫星的环境载荷。

包带连接特性及星-箭-包带连接结构耦合动力学的研究进展

包带连接结构是目前航天领域应用最广泛的星箭连接和分离机构.包带连接结构通过组件间的接触、摩擦传递载荷,在预紧力作用下实现星箭连接.各组件间的接触、摩擦力学行为随外载荷的变化而改变,从而导致包带连接刚度具有明显的非线性特征,影响火箭的运载能力以及星箭系统的动力学特性.本文对包带连接结构的局部连接特性及其对星箭整体系统动力学特性的影响进行了综述.首先介绍了国内外针对包带连接特性开展的研究工作,重点评述了有关包带连接结构的承载能力和连接刚度等问题的研究进展;随后,围绕包带连接结构在星箭系统模型中的表征及其对星箭系统动特性的影响等问题,对星–箭–包带耦合动力学进行了论述;最后,指出了这一领域需要进一步研究的若干问题.

DAS-1星箭包带应力监视系统

卫星与火箭的锁紧与分离装置,是确保卫星发射成功的重要部件之一.为了提高星箭分离的可靠性,目前主要采用包带方式连接星箭对接框和包带分离技术,以提高星箭分离的可靠性.对包带的预紧力有严格要求.本文介绍了为实时监视包带预紧力而研制的系统的配置、软件和硬件设计特点以及在发射澳星过程中的应用.

运载火箭天基遥测技术

针对我国天基测控技术的发展趋势,提出了基于S频段终端通过中继卫星进行运载火箭天基遥测,以某运载火箭发射GTO轨道任务为例,分别对天线跟踪特性和链路增益进行了分析计算,介绍了运载火箭天基遥测系统的组成,分析表明,在满足天线跟踪角和链路指标的条件下,可实现天基遥测;这些分析结论可为工程应用提供参考。

星/箭耦合动态响应分析新方法研究

介绍了采用约束边界模态展开表达式进行星/箭耦合响应分析的方法,导出缩聚在星/箭连接界面处的全箭动力学方程。应用这种方法通过解析推导可以将整个星/箭耦合结构多自由度方程减缩为仅含星/箭连接界面处自由度的方程,形成星/箭耦合响应分析新方法,内部自由度的影响化为固定界面模态有效质量的贡献,它们的贡献累加于界面自由度之上,使动力学问题自由度数大大减缩。这种方法直接由界面动力学方程求得界面力、界面加速度,返回子结构后求得子结构响应,可以用来与采用模态叠加法求得的响应结果互为验证。同时,固定边界模态有效质量是该模态重要性的度量,大的有效质量将导致对界面大的反作用力,小的有效质量将导致对界面小的反作用力,这就发展了排列固定边界模态动力学重要性的方法,并帮助确定在界面动力学方程中哪些固定边界模态要保留、哪些固定边界模态可以忽略,把问题进一步简化。