Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections: A systematic review of treatment

BACKGROUND Non-albicans Candida prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare. Optimal treatment involves a two-stage revision surgery in combination with an antifungal agent. However, no clear guidelines have been developed regarding the agent or treatment duration. Hence, a broad range of antifungal and surgical treatments have been reported so far. AIM To clarify treatment of non-albicans Candida PJIs. METHODS A literature review of all existing non-albicans Candida PJIs cases through April 2018 was conducted. Information was extracted about demographics, comorbidities, responsible species, duration and type of antifungal treatment, type of surgical treatment, time between initial arthroplasty and symptom onset, time between symptom onset and definite diagnosis, outcome of the infection and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 83 cases, with a mean age of 66.3 years, were located. The causative yeast isolated in most cases was C. parapsilosis (45 cases;54.2%), followed by C. glabrata (18 cases;21.7%). The mean Charlson comorbidity index was 4.4 ± 1.5. The mean time from arthropalsty to symptom onset was 27.2 ± 43 mo, while the mean time from symptom onset to culture-confirmed diagnosis was 7.5 ± 12.5 mo. A two stage revision arthroplasty (TSRA), when compared to one stage revision arthroplasty, had a higher success rate (96% vs 73%, P = 0.023). Fluconazole was the preferred antifungal agent (59;71%), followed by amphotericin B (41;49.4%). CONCLUSION The combination of TSRA and administration of prolonged antifungal therapy after initial resection arthroplasty is suggested on the basis of limited data.

Native and prosthetic septic arthritis in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Septic arthritis,whether native or prosthetic,poses a significant challenge in clinical practice due to its potentially devastating consequences.Despite its clinical importance,there remains a dearth of comprehensive studies and standardized diagnostic criteria,particularly in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.AIM To investigate the epidemiology,microbiological profiles,and clinical characteristics of native and prosthetic septic joints in the Saudi Arabian population.METHODS Medical records of patients diagnosed with septic arthritis between January 1,2015,and December 31,2022,were retrospectively reviewed.Data regarding patient demographics,clinical presentation,microbiological cultures,treatment modalities,and outcomes were analyzed.RESULTS In a retrospective review of 52 cases of septic arthritis,a balanced gender distribution was observed(1:1 ratio),with the knee being the most commonly affected joint(80.8%).Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus predominated in native joints(24.2%),while Brucella spp.was more prevalent in prosthetic joints(21.1%).Joint preservation was achieved in most cases(84.6%),with no significant difference in clinical features between native and prosthetic joints.However,certain comorbidities were more common in native joint cases,including renal impairment(P=0.002),hemodialysis(P=0.004),heart disease(P=0.013),and chronic liver disease(P=0.048).At the same time,osteoarthritis was more prevalent in prosthetic joint cases(P=0.013).Vancomycin was the most frequently used antibiotic(26.9%),and most patients received antibiotics before joint aspiration(57.7%).Surgical intervention,predominantly arthrotomy,was required in most cases(32.7%).Notably,a significant association was found between joint type and mortality(odds ratio=0.587,P=0.048),as well as the Charlson comorbidity index and mortality(P=0.001).CONCLUSION This study highlighted distinctive microbiological profiles and etiological factors in septic arthritis cases in the Saudi Arabian population.

Technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging for detecting prosthetic joint infection in a rabbit model

Accurate and timely diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection is essential to initiate early treatment and achieve a favorable outcome. In this study, we used a rabbit model to assess the feasibility of technetium-99m-labeled annexin V for detecting prosthetic joint infection. Right knee arthroplasty was performed on 24 New Zealand rabbits. After surgery, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was intra-articularly injected to create a model of prosthetic joint infection （the infected group, n = 12）. Rabbits in the control group were injected with sterile saline （n= 12）. Seven and 21 days after surgery, technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging was per- formed in 6 rabbits of each group. Images were acquired 1 and 4 hours after injection of technetium-99m- labeled annexin V （150 MBq）. The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios were calculated for quantitative ana- lysis. Seven days after surgery, increased technetium-99m-labeled annexin V uptake was observed in all cases. However, at 21 days a notable decrease was found in the control group, but not in the infected group. The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the infected group were 1.84 ±0.29 in the early phase and 2.19 ±0.34 in the delay phase, both of which were significantly higher than those of the control group （P=0.03 and P=0.02）. The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that the operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the delay phase at 21 days was the best indicator, with an accuracy of 80%. In conclusion, technetium- 99m-labeled annexin V imaging could effectively distinguish an infected prosthetic joint from an uninfected prosthetic joint in a rabbit model.

Prosthetic joint infections-a clinico-microbiological perspective: Review article

Prosthetic joint infections(PJIs),although not very common,currently pose a very significant threat since they are associated with severe complications,high morbidity rates and substantial costs.PJIs are most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.The diagnosis of implant-associated infections is very challenging since no single routinely used laboratory or clinical test has been shown to demonstrate adequate results with respect to sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.In most cases,a sum of clinical signs and symptoms,histopathology,blood tests,radiography,bone scans and microbiological testing is considered to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.Treatment of PJIs is also very difficult since most of the infections are caused by biofilm-producing microorganisms which are significantly more resistant to the hosts natural defense mechanisms and antibiotic treatment.For successful management,a combination of both antibiotic and surgical treatment is most often required,and early diagnosis is of the utmost importance.Thus,a multidisciplinary approach is potentially the best option in dealing with PJI,and should include the involvement of microbiologists,orthopedic specialists,clinicians,pathologists and radiologists in order to improve decision-making processes and ensure overall success.The following review aims at briefly outlining the microbiology,diagnostic and treatment options,and preventive measures associated with such infections.

Risk of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection in elective total hip and knee arthroplasty following eradication therapy

BACKGROUND Prosthetic joint infection(PJI)is a devastating complication requiring prolonged treatment and multiple operations,leading to significant morbidity for the patient.Patients are routinely tested for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)colonisation.MRSA positive patients are given eradication therapy.We hypothesise that patients who are MRSA positive pre-operatively,have increased risk of developing PJI.AIM To identify deep wound infection(PJI)rates in patients who are colonised MRSA positive compared with those who are not colonised;and long term clinical and radiological outcomes.METHODS All patients who underwent total hip and knee replacements(THR/TKR)between December 2009 and December 2019 were identified.Patients who were also identified as being MRSA positive at pre-operative assessment were then selected.Confirmation of prescribing eradication treatment was recorded.Patient records,including consultation letters,operation notes and microbiology results were reviewed retrospectively.Comparison of outcomes for each MRSA positive patient was made with 2 MRSA negative patients undergoing the same operation of a similar age by the same consultant.RESULTS Screening identified 42 knee and 32 hip arthroplasty patients as MRSA positive,84 MRSA negative knee and 64 hip patients were reviewed.Patients were matched with medical co-morbidities in each group.Mean follow up was 5 years.PJI was identified in 4/32(12.5%)of THR MRSA positive and 3/42(7%)of TKR patients.All patients had PJI within one year of surgery.CONCLUSION MRSA positive patients are given eradication therapy routinely.However,no confirmation of eradication is sought.Patients who have MRSA colonisation preoperatively,in our study had a significantly increased risk of PJI,when compared to negative patients.We would recommend establishing true eradication after treatment prior to arthroplasty.

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on Wear Resistance of Joint Prosthetic Materials

1.IntroductionAt present,joint prostheses are made ofmetallic materials in combination withpolymers,viz Ti6A14V alloy,CoCrMo alloyor 316 L stainless steel matching withultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE).In view of function of jointprostheses,the suitable materials shouldhave the following properties:firstly,highwear resistance and low friction coefficient

Risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection in elective total hip and knee arthroplasty following eradication therapy

Re-screening following methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) decolonization will be helpful to minimize the development of prosthetic joint infection among MRSA colonizers.

Prosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee due to Mycobacterium species:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium species(Mycobacterium sp)is an emerging cause of hip and knee prosthetic joint infection(PJI),and different species of this organism may be responsible for the same.AIM To evaluate the profile of hip and knee Mycobacterium PJI cases as published in the past 30 years.METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed using the MeSH terms“Prosthesis joint infection”AND“Mycobacterium”for studies with publication dates from January 1,1990,to May 30,2021.To avoid missing any study,another search was performed with the terms“Arthroplasty infection”AND“Mycobacterium”in the same period as the previous search.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses chart was used to evaluate the included studies for further review.In total,51 studies were included for further evaluation of thecases,type of pathogen,and treatment of PJI caused by Mycobacterium sp.RESULTS Seventeen identified Mycobacterium sp were reportedly responsible for hip/knee PJI in 115 hip/knee PJI cases,whereas in two cases there was no mention of any specific Mycobacterium sp.Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis)was detected in 50/115(43.3%)of the cases.Nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)included M.fortuitum(26/115,22.6%),M.abscessus(10/115,8.6%),M.chelonae(8/115,6.9%),and M.bovis(8/115,6.9%).Majority of the cases(82/114,71.9%)had an onset of infection>3 mo after the index surgery,while in 24.6%(28/114)the disease had an onset in≤3 mo.Incidental intraoperative PJI diagnosis was made in 4 cases(3.5%).Overall,prosthesis removal was needed in 77.8%(84/108)of the cases to treat the infection.Overall infection rate was controlled in 88/102(86.3%)patients with Mycobacterium PJI.Persistent infection occurred in 10/108(9.8%)patients,while 4/108(3.9%)patients died due to the infection.CONCLUSION At least 17 Mycobacterium sp can be responsible for hip/knee PJI.Although M.tuberculosis is the most common causal pathogen,NTM should be considered as an emerging cause of hip/knee PJI.

Systematic review of single stage revision for prosthetic joint infection

While advanced technology,increased medical knowledge and improved surgical technique has improved patient outcomes in total joint arthroplasty,prosthetic joint infection still remains one of the leading causes of increased healthcare costs,medical resources and societal burdens in orthopaedic care.Two stage arthroplasty revision remains the gold standard for treatment of prosthetic joint infection.Proponents of single stage revision arthroplasty for infection argue that it results in lower healthcare costs while improving patient reported functional outcomes and with equivalent success rates.Here we review the history of single stage revision arthroplasty,discuss the key principles,highlight the indications and contraindications,and review the reported outcomes with a focus on future developments of single stage revision arthroplasty for hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections.

Periprosthetic joint infections in femoral neck fracture patients treated with hemiarthroplasty–should we use antibiotic-loaded bone cement?

BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty is the most common treatment in elderly patients with displaced intra-capsular femoral neck fracture(FNF).Prosthetic joint infection(PJI)is one of the most feared and frequent complications post-surgery because of the frail health status of these patients and the need for fast track surgery.Therefore,priorities should lie in effective preventive strategies to mitigate this burden.AIM To determine how much the implementation of the routine use of antibioticloaded bone cement(ALBC)as a relatively easy-to-apply amendment to the surgical practice reduces the infection rate in our hemiarthroplasty cohort.METHODS We retrospectively assessed all demographic,health status and treatment-related data of our FNF patients undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty in the period from 2011 to 2017;241 patients were further analyzed after exclusion of patients with cancer-related sequelae and those who died before the end of the 1-year observation period.The PJI rate as diagnosed on basis of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society(MSIS)criteria 2011 was determined for each included patient and compared in function of the bone cement used for hip stem fixation.Patients were split into a group receiving a plain bone cement in the period from January 2011 to June 2013(non-ALBC group)and into a group receiving an ALBC in the period July 2013 to December 2017(ALBC group).Data analysis was performed with statistical software.We further calculated the cost-efficacy of the implementation of routine use of ALBC in the second group balancing the inhospital infection related treatment costs with the extra costs of use of ALBC.RESULTS In total 241 FNF patients who received cemented hemiarthroplasty in the period from January 2011 to January 2017 were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study.There were 8 PJI cases identified in the ALBC group among n=94 patients,whereas 28 PJI cases were observed in the non-ALBC group among n=147 patients.The statistical analysis showed an infection risk reduction of 55.3%(in particular due to the avoidance of chronic delayed infections)in the ALBC group(95%CI:6.2%-78.7%;P=0.0025).The cost-evaluation analysis demonstrated a considerable cost saving of 3.500€per patient,related to the implementation of routine use of ALBC in this group.CONCLUSION Use of ALBC is a potent infection preventive factor in FNF patients receiving cemented hemiarthroplasties.It was further found to be highly cost-effective.

Yersinia enterocolitica Infection of a Prosthetic Knee Joint.Case Report and Review of the Literature on Deep Sited Infections Caused by Y.enterocolitica

Prosthetic joint infection is a rare manifestation of Yersinia enterocolitica. We report a case of a patient presenting with fever and a purulent infection in his prosthetic knee joint caused by Y. enterocolitica. He had been operated in 1990 for arthrosis of the right knee. Re-operation was performed in 2007 for loosening of the prosthesis. Seven months later, following progressively increasing knee pain, he became acutely febrile and a purulent knee joint infection was diagnosed. Y. enterocolitica was isolated from the joint fluid. Serum antibodies against Y. enterocolitica were also positive. He was treated with debridement, replacement of the liner component of the prosthesis and a long course of intravenous antimicrobial therapy. The infection was thought to be in a chronic suppressive state. The final outcome after all therapy was good.

One-stage revision in two cases of Salmonella prosthetic hip infection

We describe two cases of prosthetic joint infection(PJI) of the hip due to Salmonella. The first patient presented with an early infection 5 d after being discharged following a total hip replacement and the second patient presented at the emergency ward with a late infection, thirteen years following a total hip replacement. Both cases occurred within one month of each other at our institution and both were successfully treated with a one-stage revision. PJI caused by Salmonella species is very rare: so far only 20 Salmonella PJIs of the hip have been described. Therefore, full consensus on the best treatment approach has not yet been reached. An aggressive two-stage approach is advised because of the virulence of Salmonella, although a limited number of successful one-stage approaches have been describedas well. According to the latest guidelines, one-stage revision has comparable success rates and less morbidity compared to two-stage treatment, when selecting the right patients. In our opinion, PJI caused by Salmonella should be treated just as PJI caused by other bacteria, with consideration of the selection criteria as mentioned in several treatment guidelines. As illustrated by these two cases, one-stage revision can be successful in both early and late Salmonella PJI of the hip.

保留假体清创联合更换组配式部件治疗全髋关节置换后急性假体周围感染

背景:全髋关节置换后假体周围感染是影响假体使用寿命的常见原因,保留假体清创联合更换组配式组件成为治疗全髋关节置换后急性期假体周围感染的新方法。目的:观察采用保留假体清创联合更换组配式部件治疗人工全髋关节置换后急性期假体周围感染的临床疗效。方法:选择2018年7月至2022年2月在黄石市中心医院骨科进行手术治疗的22例初次全髋置换后急性期假体周围感染患者,所有患者感染时间均为初次置换3周以内,术中取关节液及感染滑膜行细菌培养均证实为急性期感染,采用保留假体清创联合更换组配式组件治疗。术前、术后3,6个月以及末次随访,以白细胞计数、血沉、C-反应蛋白评价感染情况,以Harris髋关节功能评分量表评价髋关节功能改善情况,以疼痛目测类比评分了解患者疼痛缓解情况,采用配对样本t检验分析手术前后各指标改善情况。结果与结论:(1)非假体周围感染原因死亡1例后失访,予以排除,其余21例患者均获得临床随访,随访时间均在1年以上,平均随访时间为(19.52±3.88)个月,其中20例患者手术治疗成功,1例失败,感染控制率为95%;(2)患者术后3,6个月以及末次随访的白细胞计数、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平均较术前下降(P<0.05),Harris髋关节功能评分均较术前提高(P<0.05),疼痛目测类比评分均较术前下降(P<0.05),差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);(3)提示全髋关节置换后急性期假体周围感染患者选择保留假体清创联合更换组配式组件的治疗方法能有效控制髋关节感染,改善髋关节功能,缓解感染导致的髋部疼痛。

Nuclear medicine and the failed joint replacement: Past, present, and future

Soon after the introduction of the modern prosthetic joint,it was recognized that radionuclide imaging provides useful information about these devices.The bone scan was used extensively to identify causes of prosthetic joint failure.It became apparent,however,that although sensitive,regardless of how the images were analyzed or how it was performed,the test was not specific and could not distinguish among the causes of prosthetic failure.Advances in anatomic imaging,notably cross sectional modalities,have facilitated the diagnosis of many,if not most,causes of prosthetic failure,with the important exception of infection.This has led to a shift in the diagnostic paradigm,in which nuclear medicine investigations increasingly have focused on diagnosing infection.The recognition that bone scintigraphy could not reliably diagnose infection led to the development of combined studies,first bone/gallium and subsequently leukocyte/bone and leukocyte/marrow imaging.Labeled leukocyte imaging,combined with bone marrow imaging is the most accurate(about90%)imaging test for diagnosing joint arthroplasty infection.Its value not withstanding,there are significant disadvantages to this test.In-vivo techniques for labeling leukocytes,using antigranulocyte antibodieshave been explored,but have their own limitations and the results have been inconsistent.Fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)-positron emission tomography(FDG-PET)has been extensively investigated for more than a decade but its role in diagnosing the infected prosthesis has yet to be established.Antimicrobial peptides bind to bacterial cell membranes and are infection specific.Data suggest that these agents may be useful for diagnosing prosthetic joint infection,but large scale studies have yet to be undertaken.Although for many years nuclear medicine has focused on diagnosing prosthetic joint infection,the advent of hybrid imaging with singlephoton emission computed tomography(SPECT)/electronic computer X-ray tomography technique(CT)and the availability of fluorine-18 fluoride PET suggests that the diagnostic paradigm may be shifting again.By providing the anatomic information lacking in conventional radionuclide studies,there is renewed interest in bone scintigraphy,performed as a SPECT/CT procedure,for detecting joint instability,mechanical loosening and component malpositioning.Fluoride-PET may provide new insights into periprosthetic bone metabolism.The objective of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of the evolution of nuclear medicine imaging of joint replacements.

血清SAA/CRP对髋膝关节置换术后假体周围感染的预测价值

目的探讨血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)/C反应蛋白(CRP)对髋膝关节置换术后假体周围感染(PJI)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年12月在安阳市人民医院初次接受髋或膝关节置换术治疗的1158例患者的资料,将术后发生PJI的27例患者纳入感染组;经样本计算公式计算对照组样本量后,于未发生PJI的1131例患者中筛选符合条件的127例纳入未感染组。设计基线资料调查表统计研究所需资料,比较患者术前、术后第1天血清SAA、CRP水平,并计算SAA/CRP值,分析血清SAA/CRP对髋膝关节置换术后PJI的预测价值。结果感染组合并糖尿病、吸烟史及术前贫血占比高于未感染组(P<0.05);两组术后1 d血清SAA、CRP、SAA/CRP水平均较术前升高,且感染组SAA、SAA/CRP高于未感染组(P<0.05);两组术后1 d血清CRP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);绘制受试者工作特征曲线,结果显示,SAA、SAA/CRP对髋膝关节置换术后PJI预测的曲线下面积分别为0.711、0.866,SAA/CRP预测价值优于SAA(χ^(2)=6.932,P<0.001)。结论PJI患者血清SAA/CRP值在髋膝关节置换术后表达上调,这种异常的表达上调对术后PJI的发生有理想预测价值。

保留假体清创联合万古霉素局部灌注治疗全髋关节置换术后早期假体周围感染

目的探讨采用保留假体清创(DAIR)联合髋关节万古霉素局部灌注治疗全髋关节置换术(THA)后早期假体周围感染(PJI)的临床疗效。方法本研究为回顾性分析。选取2018年7月至2022年5月在黄石市中心医院骨科行DIAR手术联合万古霉素关节腔局部灌注治疗的21例初次THA术后早期PJI患者。其中男性11例,女性10例,年龄(67.05±11.04)岁,均为初次THA术后3周以内并发PJI患者,随访时间(18.95±4.07)个月。手术由固定医疗团队完成,均为同一名医生主刀,术中均采用DIAR手术清创。术后2周内静脉滴注敏感抗生素,培养阴性者可选用万古霉素静脉滴注,每隔12 h静脉给药0.5 g,同时每隔2 d关节腔内使用万古霉素溶液灌注1次(方案为0.5 g万古霉素粉剂溶于60 ml生理盐水中,无菌条件下自灌洗管推入关节腔内),留取关节液并监测关节腔中药物浓度。静脉用药2周后改口服抗生素4周。比较术前及术后末次随访时的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Harris髋关节评分(HHS)及白细胞计数、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平。统计学方法采用配对t检验。结果21例患者中成功治疗19例、失败2例,感染总体控制率为90.5%(19/21)。术后末次随访时,VAS评分较术前下降[(1.62±0.67)分比(5.86±1.06)分],HHS较术前提高[(77.92±7.72)分比(41.30±7.77)分],白细胞计数、血沉、C-反应蛋白水平均较术前下降[(5.04±0.86)×10^(9)/L比(10.62±1.02)×10^(9)/L、(19.00±8.08)mm/h比(65.57±18.00)mm/h、(5.86±1.80)mg/L比(57.05±19.16)mg/L],差异均有统计学意义(t=13.766、-16.159、17.654、12.610、12.570,均P<0.001)。结论THA术后早期PJI患者采用DIAR手术联合万古霉素关节腔局部灌注治疗,可有效控制髋关节感染,缓解髋部疼痛。

磁流变假肢膝关节结构集成及其适配技术研究进展

假肢在截肢者生活中扮演着重要角色,一方面可给人体站立提供支撑,另一方面可帮助截肢者的残肢运动。磁流变假肢是利用磁流变阻尼器(Magnetorheological damper,MRD)为阻尼器件的新型半主动假肢。详细介绍了磁流变假肢的结构组成和工作原理;指出了磁流变假肢结构的特点及应用,并对不同结构特点的磁流变假肢进行了分类和比较;同时阐述了当前磁流变假肢膝关节中主流的控制方法,针对不同控制方法的特点进行了对比分析;最后展望未来磁流变假肢的发展趋势及实际应用。

康复护理路径在髋关节置换术后患者中的应用价值分析

目的:探究康复护理路径对髋关节置换术后患者髋关节功能、日常生活能力以及术后并发症发生情况的影响。方法:选取2020年7月—2022年6月郑州市骨科医院行单侧髋关节置换手术治疗的106例髋关节疾病患者作为研究对象,按照入院时间将所有患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各53例。对照组实施常规围手术期护理干预,观察组在对照组常规护理措施应用的基础上实施临床护理路径干预。观察并比较两组患者干预前后髋关节功能、日常生活能力以及术后并发症发生情况。结果:干预后,观察组患者Harris评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.352,P<0.05);干预后,观察组患者巴塞尔日常生活能力指标(MBI)指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.352,P<0.05);观察组患者并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.975,P<0.05)。结论:对髋关节置换术后患者实施临床康复护理路径后,患者髋关节功能恢复效果以及日常生活能力有所提高,且在康复护理路径的使用之后可以降低患者治疗期间并发症的发生风险,对促进患者康复具有较为直接的影响。

超声裂解法处理人工关节感染假体细菌培养敏感性与特异性的Meta分析

目的人工关节置换后感染是关节置换手术的严重并发症,细菌生物膜的形成是关节置换后感染的重要原因。对细菌所致感染的诊断很困难。常规的诊断方法敏感性及特异性都低。文中对有关超声裂解法处理人工关节感染假体细菌培养的英语类研究文献进行分析,评价其在细菌培养上的敏感性和特异性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Ov-id、Medline等数据库从1998年1月至2011年12月有关超声裂解法处理人工关节感染假体细菌培养的文献,比较该法对细菌培养的敏感性和特异性,对数据进行异质性检验,并比较超声处理液细菌培养(sonication fluid culture,SFC)与假体周围组织细菌培养(periprosthetic tissue culture,PTC)的效果,采用RevMan 5.0.18软件对数据进行Meta分析,估计其综合总体的比值比(odds ratio,OR)值和95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)。结果共纳入9篇符合筛选标准的文献,有6篇是比较2种方法的文献,其中感染假体224个,无菌松动假体434个,术前接受抗生素治疗病例感染假体74个。Meta分析结果显示SFC组与PTC组的敏感性差异有统计学意义[OR=1.92,95%CI(1.29,2.87),P<0.001]。术前14 d内接受抗生素治疗的SFC组与PTC组的敏感性差异有统计学意义[OR=3.12,95%CI(1.58,6.17),P<0.001]。在2组的特异性差异有统计学意义[OR=0.32,95%CI(0.13,0.77),P<0.01]。结论 SFC的敏感性高于PTC,尤其是术前接受抗生素治疗的患者,但特异性不如常规培养技术。

人工关节治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的有选择地用人工关节治疗某些类型的高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的病人,探讨原理和疗效。方法用标准骨水泥人工关节治疗年龄在75岁以上的股骨粗隆间骨折18例,骨折线在小粗隆以上。结果全部病例术后2周可下地行走,关节活动度正常。结论有选择地用人工关节治疗某些类型的高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的病人,可早期活动,利于康复。