Determination of Differences in Motor Dimensions between Judo and Karate Athletes

The research was conducted in order to determine specificity of motor dimensions of judo and karate athletes and their differences. In order to determine the specificity of the structure of the tested anthropological dimensions, the researchers examined 200 judo and karate athletes, members ofjudo and karate clubs of Serbia （about 100 judokas and about 100 karatekas）, aged 18 to 27 years. To assess motor abilities, the researchers used 16 motor tests selected according to the structural model, defined as a mechanism for movement structuring, mechanism for functional synergies and tonus regulation, mechanism for excitation intensity regulation, and a mechanism for excitation duration regulation. All the data in this research were processed at the Multidisciplinary Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Pristina, through the system of data processing software programs developed by Popovic. The algorithms and programs realized in the research are fully presented, and the results of the programs are analyzed.

Effects of Voluntary Apnea on Haemodynamic Responses during Groundwork Techniques of Judo

Context: Several studies were conducted on physiology of apnea in scuba diving. No survey has been reported in fighting sports. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular variations misled by voluntary apnea during groundwork techniques of judo training. Methods: The temporal evolution of heart rate and modifications of the blood pressure have been investigated during cross sectional and experimental study. A total of 28 Congolese judoists took part in the study. The voluntary apnea was achieved by a judoist to try to carry out two kinds of groundwork (hon-gesagatame and kamishiho-gatame). According to the case, Student t test and analysis of variance were used for comparing data. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the effect of “type of groundwork technique × category of weight”. Results: Between 0 and 3 seconds, tachycardia has been observed during the static groundwork techniques and then bradycardia occurred to 3 - 9 seconds for the dynamic groundwork techniques : +6.8% of the rest frequency versus -9.4% for hon-gesa;+4.9% versus -13.7% for kami-shiho. Thereafter, it followed a fluctuation of heart rate of 9 - 15 seconds. Beyond, a stagnation was noted for hongesa, whereas a minimal increase (<5%) for kami-shiho. In relation to the systolic arterial pressure, a meaningful rise was recovered: +46.5% (hon-gesa) versus +50.1% (kami-shiho) in static exercise;+43.4% (hon-gesa) versus +43.3% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. The report was similar for the diastolic arterial pressure: +31.5% (hon-gesa) versus 30.0% (kami-shiho) in static exercise;+20.3% (hon-gesa) versus +23.8% (kami-shiho) in dynamic exercise. Conclusion: The apnea consecutive to the hindrance of an exit groundwork technique to judo drags bradycardia increased while exercise realized static posture, and a rise of the arterial pressure.

Relationship between Category of Weight and Threshold of Maximum Oxidation of Lipids in Congolese Judoists

Background: One of the goals for training in judo is to mimic real situations. In subsaharian countries;there is a lack of knowledge considering relation between category of weight and threshold maximum oxidation of lipids. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of category of weight on lipoxmax and to identify the zones of target intensities corresponding to lipoxmax. Materials and Methods:Twenty four male well-training judoists, divided in two groups according to weight, were evaluated during calorimetry effort’ test. For this situation, cardiorespiratory parameters (HR, VO2, VO2max), blood parameter (lactatemia), anthropometric variables and zones of target corresponding to lipox were evaluated. For statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilks test was used to compare all the data and differences were confirmed by one-way variance. Results: No significant differences were observed among two groups for target intensities to lipox. The judoists of group 1 were aged to 24.1 ± 5.9 years with 1.78 ± 0.07 m versus 20.4 ± 1.6 years with 1.86 ± 0.04 m. Primary results indicated higher intensities for lipoxmax. Also, values of power (% LDC) and VO2 and were significantly higher in the judoists for group 2, with respectively: 45.3 ± 10.2 and 46.4 ± 8.6 ml/min versus 38.2 ± 7.2 and 31.3 ± 7.6 ml/min. Conclusion: High weight in judoists induces high intensities of lipoxmax and change oxidation of lipids markers following training.

Almansba, Franchini and Sterkowicz Judo Specific Test Proposal (2007) Commentary

The present commentary is aimed to contribute to the improvement of the judo specific test proposal elaborated and validated by Almansba, Franchini and Sterkowicz (2007) 1) with the aim of evaluating specifically the physical fitness of competing judo practitioners, 2) wishing the test to be representative both qualitatively and quantitatively of the effort sustained by the practitioners. All alone, the test proposal, which utilizes rapid repetitions of one judo technique off-balancing and body positioning by the same practitioner (Uchi-komi) may be usable instead of three non-judo specific tests: the vertical jump test of Sargent (1921), the multistage fitness test of Léger et al. (1984) and the Australian shuttle run test described by Cazorla et al. (2004). However, the judo specific test proposal 1) specificity is still to be increased and must ideally turn into test individualization (using the proposal as a template), as in judo, trained individuals have favorite techniques they use in preference to others;2) represents competing judo practitioners efforts quantitatively but not qualitatively (throws are represented, but neither hold downs, arm-locks, strangle holds nor chokeholds);3) brings subjects to physiological exhaustion but psychological exhaustion emotional component is left out of account. Uchi-komi utilized by the test proposal could better be replaced by continual completions of variable judo techniques by the same practitioner (Kakari-geiko) which allow the practitioner who is attacking by means of judo techniques (Tori) to utilize linked up techniques. Nevertheless, to date, the test proposed for assessing the suitability of judo practitioners to meet competition demands is the most judo specific and the most economic.

Effects of Judo Strength-Velocity Training during Precompetition on Cardiorespiratory Responses in Congolese Judoists Aged 15 - 17 Years Old

Objective: To evaluate the effects of “strength-velocity” training on the evolution of some cardiorespiratory parameters in postpubertal judoists of the Congolese national elite. Methods: The survey, exploratory, experimental and longitudinal, was about 14 boys, belonging to seven categories of weight of the International Federation of Judo. These judoists, at the level belonged to stages 3, 4 and 5 of the classification to Tanner, of pubertal maturation. Their median age was 16 years (range: 15 - 17 years). All topics have been submitted to “strength-velocity” training, focused around exercises bound to the development of the power and automatisms, from plyometric and isometric training. Three assessments have been realized in the beginning, to mid-training (3 months) and at the end of the program (6 months). The measured values were cardiorespiratory parameters. Results: The heart rate to the doorstep was decreased significantly (p = 0.048), so VO2 max (p = 0.046), FVC (p = 0.0244) and ratio VEMS/FVC (p = 0.046) as function of pubertal stage. In contrast, increase was not significant for VEMS (p = 0.205) and absolute VO2 to doorstep (p = 0.097). No significant effect of pubertal state on respiratory frequency was found. On the other hand, strength-velocity training improved cardiorespiratory data. To the recovery of the “strength-velocity test”, the decrease of the VO2 took place more quickly that the one of the VE, the VCO2 and the HR, variations linked to the category of topic weight. Conclusion: Among high level Congolese postpubertal judoists, the cardiorespiratory modifications induce faculty to the realization of a good performance and pursue objectives of health. However, it is necessary to be heedful as for situations to put in place in sittings at the time of such of “strength-velocity” training.

Chinese Wushu and Japanese Judo

Wushu routine techniques were greatly developed during the Song Dynasty (960-1279), mainly to meet the demand for civilian entertainment as well as in military training. More attention began to be paid to bodywork, physical strength, and rhythm and movement design. Each routine consisted of a starting position and a finishing position.

The Contrastive Survey of Wushu，Judo and Taekwondo from Culture Perspective

运用比较分析法与文献资料法，论述了柔道、跆拳道在适应现代体育的发展过程中进行文化改革和文化传播获得成功的因素，指出中国武术散打在恢复发展过程中严重脱离了中国武术文化的衣钵，提出具有鲜明的中国传统文化符号特征，是武术散打国际化与传播的关键；保持中国武术的文化特点、民族特性是中国武术散打发展的基本要求。

On the change of some biochemistry indexes and nutrition intervention in weight loss trials of female Judo athletes

This thesis expounds the body function state change of the female judo athletes and attempts to probe the method of improving the capacity of sports of female judo athletes,through the research of biochemistry index change and nutritional interveution effect during their weight loss period.The research objects are 24 judo athletes from Inner Mongolia and they are randomly divided into groups of common loss of weight(n=8),loss of weight with common nutrition(n=8) and loss of weight with nutrition intervening(n=8) according to their weight.The experiment period is 2 weeks.Conclusion:(1)The judo athletes should be enforced with the food rich in Fe and protein to avoid anemia.(2)The nutritional complement like glutamine et cetera can improve the athletes body function and capacity of sports,and relieve fatigue efficiently.

沈阳市健身俱乐部开展柔道运动的可行性研究

为探讨柔道运动在沈阳市健身俱乐部中开展的可行性,对沈阳市健身俱乐部行业和柔道运动的现状进行分析,发现引入柔道运动有望为健身俱乐部带来多重益处,包括吸引新受众、增加会员参与度和提高健身效果。设计了一个综合的研究框架,包括目标和研究问题、研究方法、数据收集和数据分析。基于研究结果,提出了引入柔道运动到健身俱乐部的具体方案。

不同负荷的复合式训练对男子柔道运动员下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试指标的影响

目的:观察基于力-速曲线设计的6周不同负荷的复合式训练对男子柔道运动员运动表现(下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试)的影响。方法:以北京男子柔道队20名运动员为受试对象,随机分为实验Ⅰ组(n=7)、实验Ⅱ组(n=7)和对照组(n=6)。实验Ⅰ组的干预方案为5组75%1RM深蹲(20%速度损失阈值)结合30%1RM负重蹲跳5次;实验Ⅱ组的干预方案为5组90%1RM深蹲(20%速度损失阈值)结合自重蹲跳5次(PVC杆);对照组不接受实验干预,按照实验组相同时间进行队伍的常规力量训练,并随队测试。实验干预持续6周,每周进行2次训练,期间除干预训练不同,其他柔道专项训练均全队统一进行。在干预前、中、后分别进行深蹲1RM测试、纵跳测试(CMJ、SJ)。干预前、后进行专项体能测试,对比分析训练效果。结果:1)6周干预后,组内比较结果显示,实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组在深蹲1RM、纵跳和专项体能测试上均显著提高(P<0.05),对照组在纵跳测试上显著提高(P<0.05),但在专项体能测试和深蹲1RM上未出现显著性变化(P>0.05)。2)6周实验干预后,组间比较结果显示,实验Ⅰ组和实验Ⅱ组的深蹲1RM测试成绩显著高于对照组(P<0.05),实验Ⅰ组与实验Ⅱ组之间未出现显著性变化(P>0.05)。纵跳高度(CMJ和SJ)在3组之间未出现显著性变化(P>0.05)。实验Ⅱ组的专项体能测试成绩显著优于对照组(P<0.05),其他组别之间未出现显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论:1)两种不同负荷的复合式训练均可提升柔道运动员下肢最大肌力和爆发力,同时在专项体能测试上有较高的迁移效果,而常规力量训练在下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试的迁移效果不明显。2)两种不同负荷的复合式训练对柔道运动员运动表现(下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试)的影响差异较小,90%1RM深蹲结合自重蹲跳的复合式训练在下肢最大肌力、爆发力和专项体能测试的改善幅度上略优于75%1RM深蹲结合30%1RM负重蹲跳的复合式训练。

板块分期训练提高高水平柔道运动员专项力量的研究

本文采用文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法等研究方法,从某高校专业队抽取20名一级柔道男子运动员实验对象,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组10人,共进行10次为期4周的专项力量训练。实验组将专项力量训练板块融入训练计划,对照组则实施传统分期训练模式,2组训练手段、训练内容、运动负荷基本相同,实验前后数据重复测定,组间采用配对t检验。结果显示,实验后实验组相对于对照组,其FMS(功能性动作筛查)评分、20 s涮片成绩、道服引体成绩均得到显著性提高(P<0.05)。结论:在高水平柔道运动员专项力量训练中融入板块分期训练的方法,对提升高水平柔道运动员专项力量素质具有显著效果。建议:在使用板块分期训练时,要注重提升教练员的综合素养,有针对性地根据不同训练阶段的训练目标、任务、运动员个体需求,进行相应关键竞技能力的依次发展,以提升运动员的竞技能力。

优秀女子柔道运动员产后恢复训练的个案研究

目的:探索女性运动员产后恢复训练的系统性体能康复训练方案和监控方法,为女性运动员产后恢复训练提供参考。方法:以优秀女子柔道运动员于颂产后恢复训练为例,从产后问题改善、伤病康复防治、体能恢复提高等三个方面制定为期18周的系统性体能康复训练和监控记录方案,并对其后续训练比赛进行跟踪服务保障。结果:通过18周系统性体能康复训练,使运动员的产后问题和体能得到改善,伤病问题控制良好,上肢力量呈递增式提高,下肢力量更加均衡,最终顺利恢复实战训练并取得优异比赛成绩。结论:产后运动员通过系统性体能康复训练和监控,仍能取得优异成绩,该产后恢复训练方案对延长女性运动员运动寿命具有积极意义。

大外刈技术在女子柔道比赛中的应用研究

该文以文献资料、访谈、录像观察和数理统计等方法,对大外刈技术在女子柔道比赛中的应用情况进行了研究与分析,结果如下:由于动作结构简单、得分值大,大外刈技术在女子柔道运动员群体中的使用率较高,总体技术特征为高使用率、低成功率,低使用率、高成功率;女子柔道运动员应用大外刈技术的时机选择形式多种多样,分布较均衡,以双方相互对架时和双方平行移动时为主,成功率与使用率成反比;大外刈技术运用失败主要是上步不到位、把位掌握不好、身体未贴紧对方、动作追得不够、时机的选择不佳和缺乏良好的跤感等。针对大外刈技术的应用情况,建议在训练中,教练员既要培养运动员技术动作的规范性,又要加强专项素质训练,增加实战对抗练习,逐渐提升运动员对合适时机的掌控能力。

基于结构、功能和专项特征分析柔道运动员常见的运动损伤

目的:从人体解剖结构、生理功能和运动专项特征的角度出发,探讨柔道运动员常见的运动损伤,提出损伤的防治策略,为柔道运动员损伤的预防和教练员科学训练提供理论参考和实践指导。方法:以38名内蒙古柔道运动员为研究对象,采用调查和功能评估等方法,从结构、功能和专项特征方面分析运动损伤发生的部位、类型及原因。结果:柔道运动员常见的运动损伤部位是膝关节、腰部和肩关节,常见的损伤类型为韧带肌肉损伤、关节扭伤、错位与半脱位,运动损伤发生的主要原因为身体素质差、动作模式不正确、带伤参训比赛。结论:柔道运动员膝关节胫侧副韧带、前交叉韧带损伤、半月板损伤、腘绳肌拉伤较为常见,训练中需注重动作模式的优化,增强下肢的稳定性与控制力,加强髋关节的灵活性训练,强化臀肌和腘绳肌力量训练;腰部损伤主要为腰肌劳损、腰部扭伤和腰椎间盘突出,应加强核心力量训练,注重多裂肌、腹横肌等核心稳定肌群的强化训练,训练后及时手法松解腰部肌群,避免发生慢性腰肌劳损;柔道运动员肩袖损伤、肩关节损伤以及肩部骨折较为常见,训练中应加强肩关节周围肌肉力量及平衡协调性,强化后缩外旋力量,加强深层稳定肌群及神经肌肉控制训练。

2022年世界柔道锦标赛女子+78KG级前八名运动员技术特征分析

柔道作为我国传统优势项目,曾在国际赛场上创造出不俗成绩,无论是在奥运会还是世界锦标赛的赛场上,女子柔道大级别始终都是我国争金夺银的优势小项。世界柔道锦标赛是除奥运会外最高级别的国际柔道赛事,赛事结果对奥运会赛前备战具有重要参考价值。本文运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法和访谈法等方法,以2022年塔什干世界柔道锦标赛+78KG级前八名运动员竞技能力特征为研究对象,对比赛中运动员各类技术运用情况进行统计,在分析了解技术特点的基础上寻找其薄弱环节,以便为我国女子柔道+78KG级运动员备战2024年巴黎奥运会提供参考。

世界优秀女子柔道大级别运动员得分技术运用的灰色关联度分析--以2023年多哈世界柔道锦标赛女子+78公斤级为例

柔道作为技能主导类对抗性项群,技术是项目的核心要素。以2023年多哈世界柔道锦标赛女子+78公斤级运动员的得分技术特征为研究对象,首次将灰色关联分析法引入柔道项目的技术分析中,将决定比赛胜负的技术运用成功率作为参照对象,探索不同技术指标运用成功率对比赛胜负的影响程度。研究过程中主要运用录像观察法、数理统计法展开研究。女子+78公斤级运动员在比赛中以运用投技技术得分为主,其中足技和手技的得分率最高。背负投、大外刈和大内刈技术运用得分率位列全部技术类别得分前三位。通过灰色关联分析可知该级别运动员足技、腰技技术运用成功率与总成功率的关联度最密切;在足技技术中,小内刈、大外刈和膝车的排序较高;在手技技术中,背负投的排序第一;在腰技技术中,扫腰的关联度排序略高于大腰;在舍身技中,外卷入、谷落和横车关联度排序较高;固技技术中袈裟固和横四方固的关联度一致。建议我国教练团队针对各类别关联度较高的技术给予高度重视,针对相关技术制定不同的训练方案,以提升我国柔道项目的综合实力。

不同层级中小级别女子柔道运动员基础体能比较研究

目的:研究3项体能素质对女子柔道专项能力的作用。方法:运用文献资料法、数理统计法,对国家队、省队、地市队的女子柔道中小级别运动员的3项基础体能指标进行比较研究。结果:3 000 m跑的比较中所有级别均显示国家队与地市队均存在显著性差异;卧推的比较中国家队与地市队在-57公斤级、-63公斤级中存在显著性差异,国家队与省队仅在-57公斤级存在显著性差异;深蹲的比较中,除-48公斤级外,其他3个级别均显示国家队与地市队存在显著性差异,省队与地市队仅在-57公斤级显示存在显著性差异。结论:国家队与地市队在3 000 m跑指标的4个级别比较中显示一致性的差异,深蹲在3个级别的比较中显示一致性的差异,表明有氧耐力和下肢最大力量是地市队层级与国家队层级差异的主要两项素质。

An Unusual Judo Team

Unusual Li Lingling The deciding match of judo in the 48-kg category at the Eighth National Games was a showdown between the 27-year-old judo legend Li Aiyue from Zhejiang, the world champion, and a 19-year-old from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region named Li Lingling. The fierce competition between the two best judo athletes in China attracted great attention of judo experts and fans. The result? Li Lingling won the championship. Li Lingling grew up in Guilin, a region famous for its beautiful landscape. Although she only began training in

女子柔道运动员尿液代谢组学代谢物特点研究

目的:通过对女子柔道运动员运动训练后的尿液代谢组学代谢物特征的研究,分析运动员运动训练后的代谢物变化与运动训练状态监测心理量表评定值的关系,探究运动训练负荷对运动员的影响。方法:以山西女子柔道队18名参加日常训练的运动员为研究对象,采用1H核磁共振波谱(1H nuclear magnetic resonance,1H NMR)法指认运动员尿液代谢组学代谢物,并对积分数据进行多元统计分析,了解其尿液代谢物分布特点;向运动员发放运动训练状态监测量表;采用SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行统计分析,采用单因素方差分析法分析运动员尿液代谢组学代谢物峰面积值的差异性,分析运动训练状态监测心理量表评定值间的差异性。结果:1)在1H NMR的主要化合物归属中共指认出24种化合物。采用PCA散点图观察样本的聚类特征,将除2号样本外的其余17个样本分为3个组别(A、B、C组);2)A、B、C组在所指认的代谢物缬氨酸、谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸、胆碱上有显著差异(P<0.05),A组的峰面积均值较大;3)A、B、C组在心理疲劳上有显著差异(P<0.05),A组运动训练状态监测心理量表评定均值较B、C组均值更大,即A组在心理疲劳上较B、C组更明显。结论:1)基于1H NMR法研究运动员尿液代谢组学代谢物特点,可以客观反映女子柔道运动员在运动训练后机体的代谢状况;2)运动训练状态监测评定为心理疲劳的A组运动员,其代谢物缬氨酸、谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸、胆碱相对含量升高,可能是由运动员对运动训练的应激-适应所导致的。从机体代谢物的角度对运动员进行运动训练监测,可反映运动员机体机能代谢特点与运动员较早出现心理疲劳之间的联系。

第十四届全运会优秀女子柔道运动员技术运用特征分析

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