Although people have studied comets for a long time and used spacecraft to detect comets in a short distance,the formation time and causes of comets are still unresolved.Therefore,according to the formation and evolut...Although people have studied comets for a long time and used spacecraft to detect comets in a short distance,the formation time and causes of comets are still unresolved.Therefore,according to the formation and evolution law of planets and the dynamic mechanism,the author thoroughly revealed the formation and evolution of comets:A powerful storm cyclone on Neptune,such as the Great Dark Spot,can involve a large number of clouds.These clouds are gradually cooled and compressed in the process of rapidly sinking along the spiral path,and then condense into huge water ice crystals at the bottom of the cyclone;When such a crystal falls into a deep hole filled with liquid hydrogen,it is easy to collide violently with the boulders in the hole,and instantly ignite the liquid hydrogen in the hole.Under the strong push of high-pressure gas,some fragments of the ice crystal can quickly reach a very high initial speed.Especially when the jet direction of the Great Dark Spot is consistent with the direction of Neptune’s revolution speed,such fragments can quickly reach Neptune’s escape speed of 23.56 km/s.Therefore,the fragments can break away from Neptune and enter an elliptical orbit around the sun,becoming a comet.Similarly,when the metal hydrogen at the bottom of a Great Red Spot on Jupiter explodes in a series,the fragments ejected from the Great Red Spot can reach the escape speed of Jupiter of 60 km/s,therefore,such fragments can break away from Jupiter and enter the elliptical orbit around the sun to become comets.Many of these comets can become asteroids in the asteroid belt,which is the formation principle of the asteroid belt.展开更多
Mayr <em>et al.</em><a href="#ref1"> [1]</a> proposed that the vertical velocities in the global scale meridional circulation can produce distinct latitude bands where Jovian vortices...Mayr <em>et al.</em><a href="#ref1"> [1]</a> proposed that the vertical velocities in the global scale meridional circulation can produce distinct latitude bands where Jovian vortices like the white and brown are observed, and we present here a brief review of the mechanism. The observed life times of the ovals are much longer than the estimated spin-down times, which indicates that the vortices must be sustained through the release of internal energy. Like Jupiter’s Great Red Spot (GRS), the white/brown ovals are treated like terrestrial hurricanes or cyclones, which are generated by convection. The planetary energy Jupiter emits is transferred by convection, and under this condition the upward motions in the meridional circulation, around the equator for example, release energy from below and decrease the convective instability to suppress the formation of cyclones. But the downward motions in the circulation, near 20<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> latitude for example, carry energy down so that the convective instability is amplified to produce a dynamical environment that is favorable for the development of cyclones like the GRS and white/brown ovals. This picture is supported by an analysis of results from a numerical model of Jupiter’s alternating jets (Chan and Mayr <a href="#ref2" target="_blank">[2]</a>). Generated by alternating vertical winds in the meridional circulation, the vertical temperature variations reveal distinct latitude bands with enhanced convective instability, most prominent at high latitudes where long-lived circumpolar cyclones are observed from the Juno spacecraft.展开更多
文摘Although people have studied comets for a long time and used spacecraft to detect comets in a short distance,the formation time and causes of comets are still unresolved.Therefore,according to the formation and evolution law of planets and the dynamic mechanism,the author thoroughly revealed the formation and evolution of comets:A powerful storm cyclone on Neptune,such as the Great Dark Spot,can involve a large number of clouds.These clouds are gradually cooled and compressed in the process of rapidly sinking along the spiral path,and then condense into huge water ice crystals at the bottom of the cyclone;When such a crystal falls into a deep hole filled with liquid hydrogen,it is easy to collide violently with the boulders in the hole,and instantly ignite the liquid hydrogen in the hole.Under the strong push of high-pressure gas,some fragments of the ice crystal can quickly reach a very high initial speed.Especially when the jet direction of the Great Dark Spot is consistent with the direction of Neptune’s revolution speed,such fragments can quickly reach Neptune’s escape speed of 23.56 km/s.Therefore,the fragments can break away from Neptune and enter an elliptical orbit around the sun,becoming a comet.Similarly,when the metal hydrogen at the bottom of a Great Red Spot on Jupiter explodes in a series,the fragments ejected from the Great Red Spot can reach the escape speed of Jupiter of 60 km/s,therefore,such fragments can break away from Jupiter and enter the elliptical orbit around the sun to become comets.Many of these comets can become asteroids in the asteroid belt,which is the formation principle of the asteroid belt.
文摘Mayr <em>et al.</em><a href="#ref1"> [1]</a> proposed that the vertical velocities in the global scale meridional circulation can produce distinct latitude bands where Jovian vortices like the white and brown are observed, and we present here a brief review of the mechanism. The observed life times of the ovals are much longer than the estimated spin-down times, which indicates that the vortices must be sustained through the release of internal energy. Like Jupiter’s Great Red Spot (GRS), the white/brown ovals are treated like terrestrial hurricanes or cyclones, which are generated by convection. The planetary energy Jupiter emits is transferred by convection, and under this condition the upward motions in the meridional circulation, around the equator for example, release energy from below and decrease the convective instability to suppress the formation of cyclones. But the downward motions in the circulation, near 20<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span> latitude for example, carry energy down so that the convective instability is amplified to produce a dynamical environment that is favorable for the development of cyclones like the GRS and white/brown ovals. This picture is supported by an analysis of results from a numerical model of Jupiter’s alternating jets (Chan and Mayr <a href="#ref2" target="_blank">[2]</a>). Generated by alternating vertical winds in the meridional circulation, the vertical temperature variations reveal distinct latitude bands with enhanced convective instability, most prominent at high latitudes where long-lived circumpolar cyclones are observed from the Juno spacecraft.
