Effects of drought on non-structural carbohydrates and C,N,and P stoichiometric characteristics of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings

To study non-structural carbohydrate character-istics and nutrient utilization strategies of Pinus yunnanen-sis under continuous drought conditions,2-year-old seed-lings were planted in pots with appropriate water,light and moderate and severe drought treatments[(80±5),(65±5),(50±5),and(35±5)%of field water-holding capacity].Non-structural carbohydrates,carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)concentrations were measured in each plant component.The results show that:(1)With increasing drought,non-structural carbohydrates gradually increased in leaves,stems,and coarse roots,while gradually decreased in fine roots;(2)C concentrations of all were relatively stable under different stress levels.Phosphorous utilization of each component increased under light and moderate drought conditions,while N and P utilization efficiency of each plant component decreased under severe drought.Growth was mainly restricted by N,first decreasing and then increasing with increased drought;(3)There was a correlation between the levels of non-structural carbohydrates and C,N,and P in each component.Changes in N concentration affected the interconversion between soluble sugar and starch,which play a regulatory role in the fluctuation of the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates;and,(4)Plasticity analysis showed that P.yunnanensis seedlings responded to drought mainly by altering starch concentration,the ratio of soluble sugar to starch in leaves and stems,and further by alter-ing N and P utilization efficiencies.Overall,these results suggest that the physiological activities of all organs of P.yunnanensis seedlings are restricted under drought and that trade-offs exist between different physiological indicators and organs.Our findings are helpful in understanding non-structural carbohydrate and nutrient adaptation mechanisms under drought in P.yunnanensis seedlings.

Analysis on the Forecast Characteristics of K Index and Low-altitude Jet Stream in the Rainstorm Process

By using the durative rainstorm data in South China during May-early June in 2010,the forecast characteristics of K index and low level jet were analyzed.The results found that K2 had the good indication,advancement and relativity on the intensity and falling zone forecast of regional rainstorm in future 24 h,and the positive relative coefficient reached 0.987.The low level jet also had the same advancement and indication significance on the intensity and influence scope of regional rainstorm in 24 h in the future,and the relative coefficient reached above 0.8.K2 and the low level jet were selected as the main factors,and the basic conceptual model of rainstorm falling zone was established.The model has passed the computer program and realized the business automation.K2 provided the important basis for the forecast of rainstorm intensity and falling zone.

Characteristics of Milankovitch Cycles in the Mid-Permian Liangshan and Qixia Formations of the Sichuan Basin——Examples from Well-Long17 and Well-Wujia1

The Liangshan and Qixia formations in the Sichuan Basin of central China were formed in the earlier middle Permian. Based on outcrop observation of the Changjianggou section at Shangsi, Guangyuan region and 3 rd -order sequence division in typical drillings, one-dimensional spectrum analysis has been used to choose the better curve between the natural gamma ray spectrometry log（ln （Th/K）） in Well-Long17 and the gamma ray log（GR） in Well-Wujia1, respectively, for identifying Milankovitch cycles in Sequence PSQ1 which comprises the Liangshan and Qixia formations, and then to identify the variation in the Milankovitch cycle sequences. On this basis, the system tract and 4 th -order sequence interfaces in Sequence PSQ1 were found via two-dimensional spectral analysis and digital filtering. Finally, a high-frequency sequence division program was established. Among these cycles, long eccentricity （413.0 ka） and short eccentricity （123.0 ka） are the most unambiguous, and they are separately the major control factors in forming 4 th -order （parasequence sets） and 5 th -order （parasequences） sequences, with the average thicknesses corresponding to the main cycles being 11.47 m and 3.32 m in Well-Long17, and 14.21 m and 3.79 m in Well-Wujia1, respectively. In other words, the deposition rate in the beach subfacies is faster than that of the inner ramp facies. The ln（Th/K） curve is more sensitive than the GR as the index of relatively ancient water depth in carbonate deposition. One-dimensional spectrum analysis of ln（Th/K） curve could distinguish the Milankovitch cycle sequences that arose from the Precession cycle （20.90 ka）, with a much higher credibility. Sequence PSQ1 in Well-Long17 contains 10 4 th -order sequences, and the growth span of Sequence PSQ1 consisting of the Liangshan and Qixia formations is about 4.13 Ma. The single deposition thickness of the long eccentricity cycle sequence has the characteristics of thinning and then thickening in the two-dimensional spectrum, which could be used to identify the system tract interface of the 3 rd -order sequence. The precession sequence thickness remains stationary. As a result, the early deposition rate in the mid-Permian of the Sichuan basin was very slow, remaining nearly stationary, and this reflects a sustained depositional environment. Whole-rock carbon and oxygen isotope curves could also prove this point. Milankovitch cycle sequence studies provide a basis for paleoenvironmental analysis and, as such, can be used to analyze ancient climate change, calculate deposition rate and deposition time, and carry out fine isochronous stratigraphic correlation.

Real-time road traffic states estimation based on kernel-KNN matching of road traffic spatial characteristics

The accurate estimation of road traffic states can provide decision making for travelers and traffic managers. In this work,an algorithm based on kernel-k nearest neighbor(KNN) matching of road traffic spatial characteristics is presented to estimate road traffic states. Firstly, the representative road traffic state data were extracted to establish the reference sequences of road traffic running characteristics(RSRTRC). Secondly, the spatial road traffic state data sequence was selected and the kernel function was constructed, with which the spatial road traffic data sequence could be mapped into a high dimensional feature space. Thirdly, the referenced and current spatial road traffic data sequences were extracted and the Euclidean distances in the feature space between them were obtained. Finally, the road traffic states were estimated from weighted averages of the selected k road traffic states, which corresponded to the nearest Euclidean distances. Several typical links in Beijing were adopted for case studies. The final results of the experiments show that the accuracy of this algorithm for estimating speed and volume is 95.27% and 91.32% respectively, which prove that this road traffic states estimation approach based on kernel-KNN matching of road traffic spatial characteristics is feasible and can achieve a high accuracy.

Tribological characteristics of C/C-SiC braking composites under dry and wet conditions

C/C-SiC braking composites,based on reinforcement of carbon fibers and matrices of carbon and silicon carbide,were fabricated by warm compaction and in situ reaction process.The tribological characteristics of C/C-SiC braking composites under dry and wet conditions were investigated by means of MM-1000 type of friction testing machine.The influence of dry and wet conditions on the tribological characteristics of the C/C-SiC composites was ascertained.Under dry condition,C/C-SiC braking composites show superior tribological characteristics,including high coefficient of friction (0.38),good abrasive resistance (thickness loss is 1.10 μm per cycle) and steady breaking.The main wear mechanism is plastic deformation and abrasion caused by plough.Under wet condition,frictional films form on the worn surface.The coefficient of friction (0.35) could maintain mostly,and the thickness loss (0.70 μm per cycle) reduces to a certain extent.Furthermore,braking curves are steady and adhesion and oxidation are the main wear mechanisms.

The Non-standard Characteristics of Functional SpacesK(X) and C_0(X)

In this paper,the non standard characteristics of functional spaces K(X) and C 0(X) are presented and proved.

Temperature Dependence of Electrical Characteristics in Indium-Zinc-Oxide Thin Film Transistors from 10 K to 400 K

The transfer characteristics of amorphous indium-zinc-oxide thin film transistors are measured in the temperature range of 10-400K. The variation of electrical parameters （threshold voltage, field effect mobility, sub-threshold swing, and leafage current） with decreasing temperature are then extracted and analyzed. Moreover, the dom- inated carrier transport mechanisms at different temperature regions are investigated. The experimental data show that the carrier transport mechanism may change from trap-limited conduction to variable range hopping conduction at lower temperature. Moreover, the field effect mobilities are also extracted and simulated at various temperatures.

Quality Characteristics and FTIR Research of Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch Cultivated under Forest

[Objectives]This study aimed to evaluate the quality characteristics of Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch and study the tubers of A.konjac K.Koch by infrared spectroscopy and second derivative method.[Methods]Referring to industrial standards of China for agriculture and related documents,the quality characteristics of A.konjac K.Koch were determined;and using potassium bromide tableting method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,the infrared spectrum and second derivative spectrum of A.konjac K.Koch were studied.[Results]The drying rate,total ash content,acid-insoluble ash content,water extract content,ethanol extract content and crude polysaccharide content of A.konjac K.Koch were above 14.00%,4.57%-11.78%,0.04%-4.87%,26.31%-36.98%,2.20%-7.95%and 40.25%-61.18%,respectively.The infrared spectra of A.konjac K.Koch of different origins were relatively close,and the differences were mainly in peak intensity.The peaks at 1642,1322,1241,1154,1022,863,770 and 576 cm-1 were the main specific peaks.The main component was konjac glucomannan.[Conclusions]FTIR technology is simple and quick,and is suitable for quality control and sample identification of A.konjac K.Koch.This provides a scientific basis for the quality control and comprehensive utilization of A.konjac K.Koch cultivated under forest.

Analysis of the Self-Protection Characteristics of a 1.5T Bitter-Like HTS Magnet Operated at 65K

We present a conceptual configuration of a high-temperature superconducting（HTS）magnet made from REBCO（Re=Rare Earth,B=Barium,C=Copper,O=Oxide）annular plates,called a Bitter-like HTS magnet,which can operate in persistent current mode without joint resistance and can be excited by a flux pump and without current leads and a persistent power supply.An REBCO annular magnet which can generate 1.5 T corresponding to the operating current density 80%of critical current density of the magnet at an operating temperature of65 K is conceptually designed.Then the thermal stability of the magnet is numerically simulated by Comsol software.Whein a piece of RBCO annular plate quenches,the maximum released energy is its stored energy because each REBCO annular plate in the Bitter-like magnet is in parallel.To calculate the stored energy in the REBCO annular plate,the inductance of every annular plate,including self-inductance and mutual inductance,is calculated.Compared with the minimum quench energy（MQE）and stored energy in one REBCO annular plate,the stored energy in one REBCO annular plate is always smaller than the MQE,and the REBCO annular plate will not be damaged even though the stored energy in the REBCO annular plate is fully released,which indicates that this 1.5 T Bitter-like magnet has the property of self-protection.

Discussion on “Optimum placement and characteristics of velocity-dependent dampers under seismic excitation” by Seyed Amin Mousavi and Amir K. Ghorbani-Tanha

The authors presented an interesting aspect in viscous or visco-elastic damper optimization under earthquake excitation. They also reviewed the research development in the field of passive damper optimization.

CT examination, clinical situation and experimental characteristics of infants with intracranial hemorrhage induced by delayed vitamin K deficiency

BACKGROUND: Delayed vitamin K deficiency is characterized by acute onset, severe illness and high fatality rate. 33%-50% survivors accompany with other various nervous system sequelas. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of intracranial hemorrhage in time become a key factor for improving healing rate and reducing fatality rate and incidence of sequela. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical situation, experimental characteristics, CT examination and terminative characteristics of infants with intracranial hemorrhage induced by delayed vitamin K deficiency. DESIGN: Case analysis. SETTING: Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 17 infants with intracranial hemorrhage induced by delayed vitamin K deficiency aged 1-3 months including 11 boys and 6 girls were selected from Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from January 1994 to December 2005. All infants had drowsiness, rejective milk, spiting milk, gaze of both eyes, tic, coma, full anterior fontanelle, high muscular tension and cerebral hernia, etc. Experimental examination demonstrated that infants had anemia at various degrees; prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were prolonged; platelet count was normal. CT examination indicated that screenages of subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, cerebral parenchyma hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrage were changed. Hemorrhage was stopped by the application of vitamin K. All patients provided informed consent. METHODS: ① Clinical situation and physical sign of infants were observed after hospitalization and scanned with rapid spiral CT scanning system. The thickness and average space of layers were 8-10 mm and the scanning time was 5 s with window width of 30-80 Hu and window position of 28-35 Hu. ② After hospitalization, four items of blood coagulation was measured with Futura meter and biochemical indexes of blood, such as serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin, were detected with Roche Modular PPI automatic biochemistry analyzer. ③ After hospitalization, infants were given 5-10 mg vitamin K1 for 3-5 days, and then, they were transfused with 10-15 mL/kg fresh plasma or whole blood for 1-3 times and received other relative therapies. Therapeutic effects were evaluated based on clinical diagnosis and criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Clinical situation, physical sign and CT examination; ② results of experimental examination; ③ treatment and termination. RESULTS: A total of 17 infants with intracranial hemorrhage were involved in the final analysis. ① Clinical situation, physical sign and CT examination: All infants had pale facial expression and full or bossing anterior fontanelle. Among them, 13 infants had drowsiness or dysphoria, 12 rejective milk or emesis, 11 tic, 13 injection site hemorrhage, 2 gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 3 cerebral hernia, 11 high muscular tension and 6 cervical rigidity. CT examination demonstrated that most infants (88%, 15/17) had subarachnoid hemorrhage; 10 (59%, 10/17) had subdural hematoma; 8 (47%, 8/17) had cerebral parenchyma hemorrhage; few had intraventricular hemorrhage. In addition, results of CT examination also indicated that 17 infants had intracranial hemorrhage. Hemorrhage sites of 12 infants were equal to or more than 2, which was accounted for 70% (12/17); meanwhile, partial cases accompanied with a large area of focus of cerebral infarction or cerebral hypoxia-ischemia lesion. ② Results of experimental examination: There were 6 infants with elongation of prothrombin time, 5 with partial elongation of prothrombin time, 4 with decrease of serum calcium (1.69-2.25 mmol/L), 3 with increase of serum alkaline phosphatase, 3 with increase of total bilirubin, 3 with increase of direct bilirubin, and 3 with increase of indirect bilirubin. ③ Treatment and termination: After treatment, 12 infants were cured well, 3 improved, 1 given up and 1 died. Later, ten infants received CT re-examination at 3 months after treatment. The results indicated that 3 infants had simple subarachnoid hemorrhage and 4 had subarachnoid hemorrhage accompanying with subdural hematoma. Their focuses were absorbed well and not show as obvious sequela. One infant had subdural hematoma accompanying with subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral parenchyma hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrage and cerebral hypoxia ischemia, and then, after hematom absorption, obvious cerebral malacia focus, hydrocephalus, brain atrophy and inferior accumulating fluid of dura mater were observed; 2 had subdural hematoma accompanying with subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral hypoxia ischemia, and then, after bleeding absorption, brain atrophy was changed remarkably; changes of hydrocephalus were observed in one infant. CONCLUSION: ① Symptoms of pale facial expression, full or bossing anterior fontanelle, drowsiness and dysphoria are observed in infants with delayed vitamin K deficiency . ② Experimental indexes demonstrate that prothrombin time and partial prothrombin time are prolonged, and numbers of infants having decrease of serum calcium are in the third place. ③ Poly-intracranial hemorrhage is a notable characteristic of CT examination. Partial infants who have poly-intracranial hemorrhage always accompany with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia lesion or cerebral infarction. Clinical situation and prognosis of infants who have a large area of intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral hypoxia-ischemia changes are poor; however, those of infants who have simple subarachnoid hemorrhage or combination of subarachnoid hemorrhage with subdural hematoma are well. ④ Effect of vitamin K on this kind of disease is well.

Effect of F doping on capacitance-voltage characteristics of SiCOH low-k films metal-insulator-semiconductor

This paper investigates the capacitance-voltage （C-V） characteristics of F doping SiCOH low dielectric constant films metal-insulator-semiconductor structure. The F doping SiCOH films are deposited by decamethylcyclopentasilox-ane [DMCPS） and trifluromethane （CHF3） electron cyclotron resonance plasmas. With the CHF3/DMCPS flow rate ratio from 0 to 0.52, the positive excursion of C-V curves and the increase of fiat-band voltage VFB from -6.1 V to 32.2V are obtained. The excursion of C-V curves and the shift of VFB are related to the change of defects density and type at the Si/SiCOH interface due to the decrease of Si and O concentrations, and the increase of F concentration. At the CHF3/DMCPS flow rate ratio is 0.12, the compensation of F-bonding dangling bond to Si dangling bond leads to a small VFB of 2.0V.

Germination Characteristics and Secondary Metabolism Regulation of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Seeds under Different Temperatures

[Objective] To study the germination characteristics and secondary metabolism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi seeds under different temperatures.[Method]The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and peroxidase（POD）were determined with lactoflavine-NBT method and guaiacol-colorimetry assay,respectively.The catalase（CAT）,ascorbate peroxidase（APX）,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase（PAL）and cinnamic acid 4-Hydroxylase（C4H）were determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.The secondary metabolites were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography（HPLC）.[Result]The germination percentage,germination potentiality and germination index were seriously affected by low or high temperature.The proper germination temperature was 20-25 ℃.The activities of SOD,POD and CAT were significantly decreased as comparison to suitable temperature.The activities of PAL and C4H were also significantly decreased as comparision to suitable temperature which was accordance to the secondary metabolites.There was a positive correlation between the flavonoids content and the PAL and C4H activity（r=0.956,r=0.951,P0.05）.[Conclusion]The quality of the skullcaps could be improved by improving the activity of PAL and C4H.The proper temperature for the seed germination and the formation of secondary metabolites was 20 ℃.

CHMP4C通过调控PI3K/AKT信号通路影响NSCLC细胞增殖与凋亡

目的:探究染色质修饰蛋白4C(CHMP4C)对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)进展及顺铂敏感性的影响及其机制。方法:通过免疫组化检测CHMP4C在NSCLC癌组织和癌旁组织中的表达情况。利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测CHMP4C在NSCLC细胞系中的表达水平。细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)和细胞克隆实验检测细胞活力及半数抑制浓度IC50;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡。Western blot分析细胞凋亡相关蛋白(caspase 3、Bad)及PI3K/AKT信号通路中关键蛋白的表达水平。另外,我们采用动物模型进一步验证CHMP4C对体内肿瘤生长的影响。结果:CHMP4C在NSCLC癌组织和细胞系中高表达,与肿瘤T分期显著相关(P<0.05)。敲低CHMP4C抑制细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,并将细胞阻滞在S期(P<0.05)。敲低CHMP4C可抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路活化,然而激活PI3K/AKT信号通路逆转了CHMP4C敲低对NSCLC细胞的影响(P<0.05)。利用顺铂处理细胞后发现NSCLC细胞生长受抑制,且CHMP4C表达降低;敲低CHMP4C联合顺铂治疗明显诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖(P<0.05)。在动物实验中,CHMP4C敲低的肿瘤体积小于对照组,其ki67表达显著降低,而caspase 3表达升高(P<0.05)。结论:CHMP4C在NSCLC癌组织及细胞系中高表达,在体内及体外实验中敲低CHMP4C可抑制NSCLC细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,增强顺铂治疗的敏感性;CHMP4C可能通过PI3K/AKT信号通路参与NSCLC进展与顺铂耐药。

二烯丙基二硫通过磷酸化Chk1负调控Cdc25C/CyclinB1/CDK1通路阻滞白血病K562细胞G_(2)/M期

目的:研究二烯丙基二硫(diallyl disulfide,DADS)诱导人白血病K562细胞周期阻滞及其分子机制。方法:采用CCK-8、细胞计数及流式细胞术观察DADS对K562细胞增殖与周期阻滞效应。Western Blot检测DADS对K562细胞PCNA、Chk1/2以及下游分子Cdc25C、CyclinB1与CDK1表达的影响。结果:CCK-8检测显示,15μmol/L、30μmol/L、60μmol/L、120μmol/L、240μmol/L DADS处理后,呈浓度依赖性抑制K562细胞增殖,抑制率分别为32.48%、59.34%、66.42%、77.06%、81.05%(P<0.05)。对照组与Tween80组无抑制作用(P>0.05)。细胞计数结果显示,30μmol/L、60μmol/L与120μmol/L DADS处理K562细胞后,群体倍增时间分别为22.71±0.29、36.69±0.93与73.02±0.87呈浓度依赖性增加(P<0.05),而Tween80组与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。流式细胞术检测显示,60μmol/L与120μmol/L DADS作用K562细胞24 h与48 h后,G_(2)/M期百分率分别增加到17.6%与28.5%和18.6%与34.4%,较对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。60μmol/L DADS作用K562细胞1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h和24 h后,PCNA表达呈时间依赖性表达下调(P<0.05)。p-Chk1表达呈时间依赖性上调(P<0.05),而Chk1、Chk2与p-Chk2表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。并且,Cdc25C、CyclinB1和CDK1分别呈时间依赖性下调(P<0.05),但是,14-3-3蛋白无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:DADS可磷酸化Chk1通过Cdc25C/CyclinB1/CDK1通路抑制K562细胞增殖与阻滞G_(2)/M期。

Loss of LBP triggers lipid metabolic disorder through H3K27 acetylation-mediated C/EBPβ-SCD activation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is associated with mutations in lipopolysaccharide-binding protein(LBP),but the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain understudied.Herein,LBP^(-/-)rats with NAFLD were established and used to conduct integrative targetingactive enhancer histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation(H3K27ac)chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput and transcriptomic sequencing analysis to explore the potential epigenetic pathomechanisms of active enhancers of NAFLD exacerbation upon LBP deficiency.Notably,LBP^(-/-)reduced the inflammatory response but markedly aggravated high-fat diet(HFD)-induced NAFLD in rats,with pronounced alterations in the histone acetylome and regulatory transcriptome.In total,1128 differential enhancer-target genes significantly enriched in cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism were identified between wild-type(WT)and LBP^(-/-)NAFLD rats.Based on integrative analysis,CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ(C/EBPβ)was identified as a pivotal transcription factor(TF)and contributor to dysregulated histone acetylome H3K27ac,and the lipid metabolism gene SCD was identified as a downstream effector exacerbating NAFLD.This study not only broadens our understanding of the essential role of LBP in the pathogenesis of NAFLD from an epigenetics perspective but also identifies key TF C/EBPβand functional gene SCD as potential regulators and therapeutic targets.

Clinical characteristics and current management of hepatitis B and C in China

AIM: To describe a population of outpatients in China infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), and assess their current management status. METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional study of HBV- and/or HCV-infected patients was conducted from August to November, 2011 in western China. Patients >= 18 years of age with HBV and/or HCV infections who visited outpatient departments at 10 hospitals were evaluated, whether treated or not. Data were collected on the day of visit from medical records and patient interviews. RESULTS: A total 4010 outpatients were analyzed, including 2562 HBV- infected and 1406 HCV-infected and 42 HBV/HCV co-infected patients. The median duration of documented infection was 7.5 years in HBV- infected and 1.8 years in HCV-infected patients. Cirrhosis was the most frequent hepatic complication (12.2%), appearing in one-third of patients within 3 years prior to or at diagnosis. The HCV genotype was determined in only 10% of HCV-infected patients. Biopsy data were only available for 54 patients (1.3%). Antiviral medications had been received by 58.2% of patients with HBV infection and 66.6% with HCV infection. Nucleos(t) ide analogs were the major antiviral medications prescribed for HBV- infected patients (most commonly adefovir dipivoxil and lamivudine). Ribavirin + pegylated interferon was prescribed for two-thirds of HCV-infected patients. In the previous 12 mo, around one-fifth patients had been hospitalized due to HBV or HCV infection. CONCLUSION: This observational, real-life study has identified some gaps between clinical practice and guideline recommendations in China. To achieve better health outcomes, several improvements, such as disease monitoring and optimizing antiviral regimens, should be made to improve disease management. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

绿原酸联合连翘苷调控细胞因子风暴的网络药理分析及基于TLR4/TRAF6/PI3KC3通路的协同抗炎作用

目的基于网络药理学和体外实验探究绿原酸联合连翘苷调控细胞因子风暴的机制。方法利用Swiss Target Prediction、PharmMapper、SEA和TCMSP数据库预测绿原酸和连翘苷的靶点,在GeneCards、OMIM、DRUGBANK和DisGeNET数据库获取细胞因子风暴的靶点,筛选交集靶点绘制Venn图,以STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质相互作用网络,采用DAVID数据库进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析。以脂多糖(LPS)诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞构建细胞因子风暴模型;采用细胞计数试剂-8(CCK-8)法检测巨噬细胞存活率;采用Griess法检测细胞上清液中一氧化氮(NO)含量;以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和环氧化酶-2(COX-2)的水平;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测TNF受体相关因子(TRAF4)、TNF受体相关因子6(TRAF6)、磷酸肌醇-3-激酶3(PIK3C3)蛋白表达。结果网络药理分析获得绿原酸联合连翘苷治疗细胞因子风暴的8个核心网络靶点[丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT1)、白蛋白(ALB)、低氧诱导因子1α(HIF1A)、IL-6、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARG)、酪氨酸激酶(SRC)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)];富集关键通路包括PI3K/AKT信号通路等。体外实验结果显示,与对照组比较,模型组中NO、TNF-α、IL-6的释放量和iNOS、COX-2蛋白表达量均显著升高(P<0.001)。与模型组比较,给药后NO、TNF-α、IL-6、iNOS、COX-2的水平均显著降低(P<0.001)。与单药给药组比较,绿原酸和连翘苷(1∶1)联合用药组炎症指标下降更明显(P<0.001)。与模型组比较,给药组TLR4、TRAF6、PI3K3C的蛋白表达和PI3K3C的磷酸化水平显著下降。结论绿原酸联合连翘苷能协同抑制促炎细胞因子的表达,调控细胞因子风暴,可能通过TLR4/TRAF6/PI3K3C信号通路实现。

加拿大BC省K-9年级数学课程标准特点及启示

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