H3K27乙酰化修饰促进lncRNA OIP5-AS1转录并通过上调TLR4诱导过敏性鼻炎鼻黏膜上皮细胞凋亡

目的本研究旨在探讨组蛋白3的27位赖氨酸(H3K27)乙酰化修饰对长链非编码RNA OPA相互作用蛋白5-反义RNA1(lncRNA OIP5-AS1)转录的促进作用,探讨其通过调控Toll样受体4(TLR4)对过敏性鼻炎(AR)中鼻黏膜上皮细胞(NEC)凋亡的影响。方法白细胞介素13(IL-13)处理NEC以建立AR细胞模型。采用实时定量PCR检测OIP5-AS1和TLR4在AR患者鼻黏膜组织和体外细胞模型中的表达。ELISA检测粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子1(eotaxin-1)和黏蛋白5AC(MUC5AC)的浓度。原位末端转移酶标记技术(TUNEL)染色法用于检测NEC的凋亡。双荧光素酶报告实验用于验证OIP5-AS1和TLR4的关系。染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)实验分析用于验证OIP5-AS1启动子区组蛋白的H3K27乙酰化修饰。结果与健康对照和未处理的NEC相比,OIP5-AS1和TLR4在AR患者鼻黏膜组织和IL-13刺激的NEC中均表达升高。敲减OIP5-AS1可降低IL-13诱导的NEC的TLR4水平,而过表达OIP5-AS1可增加IL-13处理的NEC的TLR4水平。敲减OIP5-AS1可降低IL-13处理的NEC凋亡率及GM-CSF、eotaxin-1和MUC5AC的分泌,而过表达TLR4可部分逆转敲减OIP5-AS1对NEC凋亡及GM-CSF、eotaxin-1和MUC5AC表达的影响。此外,H3K27ac在OIP5-AS1的启动子区域显著富集,H3K27乙酰化可促进OIP5-AS1在IL-13诱导的NEC中的表达。结论H3K27乙酰化修饰促进OIP5-AS1转录并通过上调TLR4诱导AR中NEC凋亡。

低盐水体Na^(+)/K^(+)对凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分与肝胰腺、鳃组织结构的影响

缺钾在内陆低盐度盐碱水中经常发生,为探究低盐水体中不同钾缺乏程度对凡纳滨对虾生长、存活、体成分以及鳃和肝胰腺组织结构的影响,实验参照海水离子组成配置盐度为2的低盐度水体,在Na^(+)/K^(+)(mg/mg)比值为27、47、67、87、107 (分别记为A、B、C、D、E组)的条件下,对体重为(1.04±0.23) g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾开展了为期60 d的养殖实验。结果显示,E组对虾的存活率为44.64%±20.95%,显著低于A、B、D三组;E组体重为(4.86±0.66) g,显著低于其他4组;A~D组之间的湿重、增重率、特定生长率差异不显著,但均大于E组且差异显著;在饲料系数上,E组最高并与A、D组差异显著。在体成分上,各组全虾钾含量、灰分含量差异不显著,E组的水分含量高于其他组,并与A、B组差异显著;E组粗蛋白含量最低,且与B组差异显著。E组对虾鳃组织角质层明显受损,红细胞数量减少,空泡增多,肝胰腺B细胞及其内部转运泡体积增大,肝小管结构受损。研究表明,低盐条件下严重缺钾引起了对虾鳃和肝胰腺损伤,降低了对虾的存活率和生长率;水体缺钾在前期即可对对虾的生长产生明显影响,而对存活的影响随养殖时间的增加而增大。实验结果有助于为内陆低盐度盐碱水养殖凡纳滨对虾提供理论依据。

K改性NiMoS/ZnAl氧化物负载型催化剂合成气制低碳醇性能研究

采用共沉淀法和浸渍法,以ZnAl混合金属氧化物为载体,制备了系列不同K/Mo物质的量比的高分散K改性NiMoS/ZnAl催化剂,并对其合成气转化制低碳醇性能进行了研究。结果表明,K的引入可以调变MoS_(2)片层的堆积程度和尺寸,提高NiS_(x)和NiMoS之间的协同作用,促进低碳醇合成(HAS)过程中CHx的插入和非解离CO的插入能力,有效抑制烃类和CO_(2)的生成。其中,K/Mo物质的量比为0.6的KNiMoS/ZnAl催化剂具有最多的双层MoS2结构(33.7%)和适宜的NiS_(x)与NiMoS协同作用,产物中总醇选择性达到69.8%,低碳醇空时产率为78.6 mg/(g·h)。

Myricetin induces M2 macrophage polarization to alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via PI3K/Akt pathway

BACKGROUND Development of end-stage renal disease is predominantly attributed to diabetic nephropathy(DN).Previous studies have indicated that myricetin possesses the potential to mitigate the pathological alterations observed in renal tissue.Never-theless,the precise molecular mechanism through which myricetin influences the progression of DN remains uncertain.AIM To investigate the effects of myricetin on DN and explore its potential therapeutic mechanism.METHODS Db/db mice were administered myricetin intragastrically on a daily basis at doses of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg for a duration of 12 wk.Subsequently,blood and urine indexes were assessed,along with examination of renal tissue pathology.Kidney morphology and fibrosis were evaluated using various staining techniques including hematoxylin and eosin,periodic acid–Schiff,Masson’s trichrome,and Sirius-red.Additionally,high-glucose culturing was conducted on the RAW 264.7 cell line,treated with 25 mM myricetin or co-administered with the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 for a period of 24 h.In both in vivo and in vitro settings,quantification of inflammation factor levels was conducted using western blotting,real-time qPCR and ELISA.RESULTS In db/db mice,administration of myricetin led to a mitigating effect on DN-induced renal dysfunction and fibrosis.Notably,we observed a significant reduction in expressions of the kidney injury markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin,along with a decrease in expressions of inflammatory cytokine-related factors.Furthermore,myricetin treatment effectively inhibited the up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-6,and interluekin-1βinduced by high glucose in RAW 264.7 cells.Additionally,myricetin modulated the M1-type polarization of the RAW 264.7 cells.Molecular docking and bioinformatic analyses revealed Akt as the target of myricetin.The protective effect of myricetin was nullified upon blocking the polarization of RAW 264.7 via inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation using LY294002.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that myricetin effectively mitigates kidney injury in DN mice through the regulation of macrophage polarization via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

miRNA-494调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路促进滋养细胞增殖和迁移

目的:探讨不明原因复发性流产(unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion, uRSA)小鼠模型的微小RNA (miRNA)-494、PI3K/AKT/mTOR [哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR)]的表达和促进胎盘滋养细胞增殖和迁移以及调节子宫和胎盘的炎症反应和免疫功能的作用机制。方法:首先构建了miRNA-494的过表达载体,实验分成miRNA-494模拟物组、模拟物对照组、miRNA-494抑制剂组、抑制剂对照组,采用脂质体2000分别转染miRNA-494模拟物(50 nmol/L)、miRNA-494抑制剂(50 nmol/L),使用实时荧光定量PCR 技术检测miRNA-494模拟物组、模拟物对照组、miRNA-494抑制剂组、抑制剂对照组的表达水平;采用克隆形成实验检测各组胎盘滋养细胞的增殖能力,transwell法检测各组胎盘滋养层细胞的迁移程度,western blot检测各组胎盘滋养层细胞PI3K、AKT、mTOR的表达水平。结果:miRNA-494转染48 h后,miRNA-494模拟物组滋养细胞的miRNA-494表达水平明显高于模拟物对照组、抑制剂对照组和miRNA-494抑制剂组(P < 0.001);反之miRNA-494抑制剂组滋养细胞的miRNA-494表达水平明显低于对照组和miRNA-494模拟物组(P < 0.001);miRNA-494抑制剂组的PI3K/AKT和mTOR表达水平明显低于抑制剂对照组、模拟物对照组和miRNA-494模拟物组(P < 0.001);miRNA-494抑制剂组的滋养细胞增殖和迁移比例显著低于抑制剂对照组、模拟物对照组和miRNA-494模拟物组(P < 0.01)。结论:miRNA-494通过调节Akt/PI3K/mTOR基因的表达,可以促进胎盘滋养细胞增殖和迁移,并参与调节子宫和胎盘的炎症反应和免疫功能,表明了调节miRNA-494的表达水平可能作为uRSA的预防和治疗的新靶点。

Knockdown of the atypical protein kinase genes GhABC1K2-A05 and GhABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress

Activity of bc1 complex kinase(ABC1K)is an atypical protein kinase(aPK)that plays a crucial role in plant mitochondrial and plastid stress responses,but little is known about the responses of ABC1Ks to stress in cotton(Gossypium spp.).Here,we identified 40 ABC1Ks in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)and found that the Gh ABC1Ks were unevenly distributed across 17 chromosomes.The GhABC1K family members included 35 paralogous gene pairs and were expanded by segmental duplication.The GhABC1K promoter sequences contained diverse cis-acting regulatory elements relevant to hormone or stress responses.The qRT-PCR results revealed that most Gh ABC1Ks were upregulated by exposure to different stresses.Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 expression levels were upregulated by at least three stress treatments.These genes were further functionally characterized by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).Compared with the controls,the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced cotton lines exhibited higher malondialdehyde(MDA)contents,lower catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities and reduced chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents under NaCl and PEG stress.In addition,the expression levels of six stress marker genes(Gh DREB2A,Gh SOS1,Gh CIPK6,Gh SOS2,Gh WRKY33,and Gh RD29A)were significantly downregulated after stress in the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced lines.The results indicate that knockdown of Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress.These findings can provide valuable information for intensive studies of Gh ABC1Ks in the responses and resistance of cotton to abiotic stresses.

Melatonin improves synapse development by PI3K/Akt signaling in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrated to exhibit decreased density of dendritic spines.The role of melatonin,as a neuro hormone capable of effectively alleviating social interaction deficits and regulating the development of dendritic spines,in Ctnnd2 deletion-induced nerve injury remains unclea r.In the present study,we discove red that the deletion of exon 2 of the Ctnnd2 gene was linked to social interaction deficits,spine loss,impaired inhibitory neurons,and suppressed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signal pathway in the prefrontal cortex.Our findings demonstrated that the long-term oral administration of melatonin for 28 days effectively alleviated the aforementioned abnormalities in Ctnnd2 gene-knockout mice.Furthermore,the administration of melatonin in the prefro ntal cortex was found to improve synaptic function and activate the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in this region.The pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor,wo rtmannin,and melatonin receptor antagonists,luzindole and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin,prevented the melatonin-induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic function.These findings suggest that melatonin treatment can ameliorate GABAe rgic synaptic function by activating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway,which may contribute to the improvement of dendritic spine abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders.

Hypoglycemic mechanism of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharides on type 2 diabetic mice by altering gut microbiota and regulating the PI3K-akt signaling pathwaye

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.

不同K源对NaY分子筛合成的影响

通过向水玻璃中添加不同的钾源(KCl和KOH),考察其对NaY分子筛合成的影响,并采用XRD、N 2物理吸附-脱附及SEM对样品进行表征。结果表明,当水玻璃中的K+浓度为0.1 mol·L^(-1)时,无论何种K源都不会对NaY分子筛的合成造成影响。而K+浓度增加到0.2 mol·L^(-1)时,添加KCl的合成体系中有极少量的杂晶生成,相对结晶度降至74%,进一步增加K+浓度到0.3 mol·L^(-1)、0.4 mol·L^(-1)时,样品中出现了大量的无定型物质。而在添加KOH的体系中,相同K添加量下,KOH对NaY分子筛的影响要远小于KCl。随着添加量的增加,相对结晶度和比表面积也呈下降趋势。SEM表征结果表明,KOH添加量增加到0.3 mol·L^(-1)、0.4 mol·L^(-1)时,合成样品中没有无定形物质形成,但出现了大量菱沸石,说明KOH导向生成菱沸石。

基于miRNA与PI3K/Akt信号通路的相关性探讨中医药治疗慢性心衰的研究进展

PI3K/Akt信号通路在心血管疾病中发挥着强有力的调控作用,该通路的激活可以促进内皮祖细胞(EPC)的增殖维持血管内皮功能,进而阻止慢性心力衰竭的发生发展。近年来,研究发现微循环RNA(microRNA,简称miR)参与心力衰竭、冠心病、心律失常等多种心血管疾病的调控,主要在内皮功能和内皮细胞(EC)衰老中发挥作用。miRNA可以调节内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)维持血管稳态。已知中医药具有多靶点、多通路、多途径治疗慢性心力衰竭的独特优势,但具体机制尚不清晰。故本文围绕miRNA与PI3K/Akt信号通路探讨中医药治疗慢性心力衰竭的作用机制,以期为中医药治疗慢性心衰提供思路。

盐霉素通过Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶诱导脂肪干细胞和肝癌干细胞胀亡的作用机制研究

目的观察脂肪干细胞(ASCs)和肝癌干细胞(HCCSCs)对盐霉素处理的反应,探讨Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶在盐霉素选择性杀伤ASCs和HCCSCs中的作用。方法采用CCK-8、Transwell实验分析盐霉素对ASCs及HCCSCs的细胞毒性反应,显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,采用Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶检测试剂盒测定细胞内Na^(+)和K^(+)离子浓度,通过ATP检测试剂盒测定细胞内ATP浓度。采用Western blot法分析Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶各亚基及细胞上皮间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白的表达水平。通过上述方法验证盐霉素通过调控Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶诱导ASCs和HCCSCs胀亡(细胞肿胀、坏死)的作用机制。结果盐霉素选择性诱导ASCs和HCCSCs胀亡。在胀亡的ASCs和HCCSCs中,细胞内ATP浓度显著下降,伴随Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶活性丧失和细胞内Na^(+)滞留。所有类型的Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶亚基在ASCs中均有表达,而在盐霉素诱导分化的ASCs中仅表达α1和β1亚基。β1亚基的丧失是阿霉素诱导肝癌Huh-7细胞EMT的关键事件,相反β1亚基的过表达可以抑制阿霉素诱导的Huh-7细胞EMT。结论Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶的活性差异是盐霉素对干细胞产生选择性细胞毒性的原因,且β1亚基是肝癌EMT过程中一个重要因素。Na^(+),K^(+)-ATP酶亚基对ASCs和HCCSCs的干性及癌症干细胞样的EMT过程起关键作用。

The MORC2 p.S87L mutation reduces proliferation of pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with the spinal muscular atrophy-like phenotype by inhibiting proliferation-related signaling pathways

Mutations in the microrchidia CW-type zinc finger protein 2(MORC2)gene are the causative agent of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Z(CMT2Z),and the hotspot mutation p.S87L is associated with a more seve re spinal muscular atrophy-like clinical phenotype.The aims of this study were to determine the mechanism of the severe phenotype caused by the MORC2 p.S87L mutation and to explore potential treatment strategies.Epithelial cells were isolated from urine samples from a spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)-like patient[MORC2 p.S87L),a CMT2Z patient[MORC2 p.Q400R),and a healthy control and induced to generate pluripotent stem cells,which were then differentiated into motor neuron precursor cells.Next-generation RNA sequencing followed by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes involved in the PI3K/Akt and MAP K/ERK signaling pathways were enriched in the p.S87L SMA-like patient group and were significantly downregulated in induced pluripotent stem cells.Reduced proliferation was observed in the induced pluripotent stem cells and motor neuron precursor cells derived from the p.S87L SMA-like patient group compared with the CMT2Z patient group and the healthy control.G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest was observed in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from the p.S87L SMA-like patient.MORC2 p.S87Lspecific antisense oligonucleotides(p.S87L-ASO-targeting)showed significant efficacy in improving cell prolife ration and activating the PI3K/Akt and MAP K/ERK pathways in induced pluripotent stem cells.Howeve r,p.S87L-ASO-ta rgeting did not rescue prolife ration of motor neuron precursor cells.These findings suggest that downregulation of the PI3K/Akt and MAP K/ERK signaling pathways leading to reduced cell proliferation and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in induced pluripotent stem cells might be the underlying mechanism of the severe p.S87L SMA-like phenotype.p.S87L-ASO-targeting treatment can alleviate disordered cell proliferation in the early stage of pluripotent stem cell induction.

Designing Conformal Electrode-electrolyte Interface by Semi-solid NaK Anode for Sodium Metal Batteries

Solid-state Na metal batteries(SSNBs),known for its low cost,high safety,and high energy density,hold a significant position in the next generation of rechargeable batteries.However,the urgent challenge of poor interfacial contact in solid-state electrolytes has hindered the commercialization of SSNBs.Driven by the concept of intimate electrode-electrolyte interface design,this study employs a combination of NaK alloy and carbon nanotubes to prepare a semi-solid NaK(NKC)anode.Unlike traditional Na anodes,the paintable paste-like NKC anode exhibits superior adhesion and interface compatibility with both current collectors and gel electrolytes,significantly enhancing the intimate contact of electrode-electrolyte interface.Additionally,the filling of SiO_(2)nanoparticles improves the wettability of NaK alloy on gel polymer electrolytes,further achieving a conformal interface contact.Consequently,the overpotential of the NKC symmetric cell is markedly lower than that of the Na symmetric cell when subjected to a long cycle of 300 h.The full cell coupled with Na_(3)V_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)cathodes had an initial discharge capacity of 106.8 mAh·g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 89.61%after 300 cycles,and a high discharge capacity of 88.1 mAh·g^(-1)even at a high rate of 10 C.The outstanding electrochemical performance highlights the promising application potential of the NKC electrode.

Dioscin from Polygonatum sibiricum induces apoptosis and autophagy in Ishikawa human endometrial cancer cell and in vivo

With an aim to comprehend the precise regulatory mechanism of dioscin against endometrial carcinoma(EC), we firstly extracted the components from Polygonatum sibiricum followed by identification and structural characterization. The anti-EC activity of dioscin was initially determined based on the inhibition of Ishikawa cell proliferation and tumor growth. The high-throughput sequencing data indicated that dioscin not only promoted apoptosis, including decrease of poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP) and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2) and increase of c-PARP and Bcl-2-associcated agonist of cell death(Bad), but also induced autophagy, including increase of autophagic lysosomes and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio. Mechanistic exploration suggested that dioscin induced autophagy and apoptosis through inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Besides, the dioscin-regulated p53 pathway was mainly involved in autophagy induction. Furthermore, inhibition of Ishikawa cell autophagy was linked to dioscin-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest the immense potential of dioscin for the development of functional food for EC and related medical application.

Peculiarity of transcriptional and H3K27me3 dynamics during peach bud dormancy

Bud dormancy facilitates the survival of meristems under harsh environmental conditions.To elucidate how molecular responses to chilling accumulation controlling dormancy in peach buds,chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to identify the H3K27me3 modifications and RNA sequencing of two peach cultivars with pronounced differences in chilling requirement were carried out,the results showed that genes associated with abscisic acid and gibberellic acid signal pathways play key roles in dormancy regulation.The results demonstrated that peach flower bud differentiation occurred continuously in both cultivars during chilling accumulation,which was correlated with the transcript abundance of key genes involved in phytohormone metabolism and flower bud development under adverse conditions.The more increased strength in high chillingrequirement cultivar along with the chilling accumulation at the genome-wide level.The function of the dormancy-associated MADS-box gene PpDAM6 was identified,which is involved in leaf bud break in peach and flower development in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum(NC89).In addition,PpDAM6 was positively regulated by PpCBF,and the genes of putative dormancy-related and associated with metabolic pathways were proposed.Taken together,these results constituted a theoretical basis for elucidating the regulation of peach bud dormancy transition.

LncRNA MALAT1对PCOS颗粒细胞凋亡、自噬和PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路的影响

目的探讨长链非编码RNA-肺腺癌转移相关转录子1(LncRNA MALAT1)对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)颗粒细胞的凋亡、自噬和磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通路的影响。方法qRT-PCR检测PCOS卵巢组织、正常卵巢组织、人卵巢颗粒细胞KGN及正常卵巢上皮细胞IOSE80中LncRNA MALAT1的表达水平。体外培养KGN细胞,将KGN细胞分为control组、si-NC组、si-MALAT1组、pc-NC组、pc-MALAT1组、pc-MALAT1+740Y-P(PI3K激活剂)组。q RT-PCR检测各转染组细胞MALAT1 mRNA的表达水平;CCK-8检测细胞活力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;透射电镜观察KGN细胞中自噬小体;Western blot检测细胞B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2关联X蛋白(Bax)、微管相关蛋白Ⅱ轻链3(LC3Ⅱ)、微管相关蛋白Ⅰ轻链3(LC3Ⅰ)、Beclin1、p-PI3K、PI3K、p-Akt、Akt、p-mTOR、mTOR蛋白表达水平。结果PCOS卵巢组织MALAT1 mRNA表达水平低于正常卵巢组织,KGN细胞中MALAT1 mRNA表达水平低于正常卵巢上皮IOSE80细胞;control组KGN细胞中可见少量的自噬小体;干扰MALAT1表达后KGN细胞OD_(450)值(24、48、72 h)、Bcl-2蛋白表达降低,细胞凋亡率、Bax、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin1、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR增高(P<0.05),自噬小体数量增多;过表达MALAT1后上述指标变化均逆转(P<0.05);与pc-MALAT1组相比,pc-MALAT1+740Y-P组OD_(450)(24、48、72 h)值、Bcl-2蛋白表达降低,凋亡率、Bax、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、Beclin1、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt、p-mTOR/mTOR升高(P<0.05),自噬小体数量增多。结论过表达MALAT1可能通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路,进而抑制PCOS颗粒细胞凋亡和自噬。

MicroRNA (let-7b-5p)-targeted DARS2 regulates lung adenocarcinoma growth by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Background:The aberrant intraellular expression of a mitochondrial aspartyl tRNA synthetase 2(DARS2)has been reported in human cancers.Nevertheless its critical role and detailed mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)remain unexplored.Methods:Initially,The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)based Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database (http:/gepia.cancer-pku.cn/)was used to analyze the prognostic relevance of DARS2 expression in LUAD.Further,cell counting kit(CCK)8,immunostaining,and transwell invasion assays in LUAD cell lines in vitro,as well as DARS2 silence on LUAD by tumorigenicity experiments in wivo in nude mice,were performed.Besides,we analyzed the expression levels of p-PI3K(phosphorylated Phosphotylinosital3 kinase),PI3K,AKT(Protein Kinase B),p-AKT(phosphorylated Protein Kinase B),PCNA(proliferating cell nudear antigen),cleaved-caspase 3,E cadherin,and N-cadherin proteins using the Westem blot analysis.Results:LUAD tissues showed higher DARS2 expression compared to normal tissues.Upregulation of DARS2 could be related to Tumor-Node-Metastasis(TNM)stage,high lymph node metastasis,and inferior prognosis.DARS2 silence decreased the proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities of LUAD cells.In addition,the DARS2 downregulation decreased the PCNA and N-cadherin expression and increased cleaved:caspase 3 and E cadherin expressions in LUAD cells,coupled with the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Moreover,DARS2 silence impaired the tumonigenicity of LUAD in vivo.Interestingly,let:7b-5p could recognize DARS2 through a complementary sequence.Mechanistically,the increased let 7b 5p expression attenuated the promo oncogenic action of DARS2 during LUAD progression,which were inversely correlated to each other in the LUAD tssues Conclusion:In summary,let 7b-5p,downregulated DARS2 expression,regulating the progression of LUAD cells by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Evaluation of the Level of Pollution by Heavy Metals of Market Garden Soils along the Chari River in Ndjamena: Case of the 9th and 7th Districts

The main aim of this study was to characterize the metal content of soils used for market gardening along the Chari river: the 7th and 9th districts of NDjaména. To achieve this, two sites were selected: Gassi and Walia, and two control sites (Gassi and Walia). A total of fifty (50) soil samples were taken (24 from the Gassi site, 24 from the Walia site and 2 as control soils) and then analyzed to determine a number of physico-chemical parameters (pH, OM and electrical conductivity) and heavy metal concentrations in the various soils. The TME content (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Hg and Zn) of the soils was determined by plasma-coupled Atomic Emission Spectrometry. In order to assess the level of contamination in Gassi and Walia soils, the geoaccumulation index (GeoIndex), contamination factor and degree of contamination were calculated. Results for physico-chemical parameters revealed that pH ranged from acidic (4.6) to moderately neutral (6.5), electrical conductivity was higher in cultivated soils (mean 292.14 μs/cm) than in control soils (mean 149.33 μs/cm), and soils were rich in organic matter. Overall, heavy metal concentrations in cultivated soils were higher than in control soils. The pollution estimate shows that soils in the area have no moderate contamination. The increase in TME concentrations in cultivated soils is thought to be due to the input of agricultural inputs to the soil. However, these levels are below the Average shale reference and Canadian guidelines for agricultural soil quality. Principal component analysis shows that metals are positively and significantly correlated with each other, and negatively and moderately significantly correlated with each other.

Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)掺杂对Cs_(2)ADyCl_(6)(A=Li,Na,K)发光性能的影响

A2B′BCl_(6)型双钙钛矿因其极强的空气稳定性和出色的光学特性而被应用于发光材料。以Cs^(+)作为A^(+),Dy^(3+)替代Pb^(2+),Cl^(-)作为卤素制备新的镝基钙钛矿纳米晶体Cs_(3)DyCl_(6),使用Li、Na、K离子替代式掺杂合成Cs_(2)ADyCl_(6)(A=Li,Na,K)非铅体系钙钛矿材料,通过掺杂Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)作为激发剂实现了不同发光性能的调控。结果表明:Cs_(2)NaDyCl_(6)发射曲线更加平滑且在蓝光与黄光区域均可实现发射,表现出优异的光学特性;通过Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)掺杂,双钙钛矿的光学特性得到显著提升,Na^(+)和Sb^(3+)的共同作用可以使钙钛矿材料发光产生蓝移,而Na^(+)与Bi^(3+)的共同作用则可以使其发光产生红移。

Indirubin alleviates retinal neurodegeneration through the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling

Retinal neurodegenerative disease is a leading cause of blindness among the elderly in developed countries,including glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy,traumatic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis,etc.The current clinical treatment is not very effective.We investigated indirubin,one of the main bioactive components of the traditional Chinese medicine Danggui Longhui Pill,in the present study for its role in retinal neurodegeneration.Indirubin exhibited no detectable tissue toxicity in vivo or cytotoxicity in vitro.Moreover,indirubin improved visual function and ameliorated retinal neurodegeneration in mice after optic nerve crush injury in vivo.Furthermore,indirubin reduced the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells induced by oxidative stress in vitro.In addition,indirubin significantly suppressed the increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase induced by oxidative stress.Mechanically,indirubin played a neuroprotective role by regulating the PI3K/AKT/BAD/BCL-2 signaling.In conclusion,indirubin protected retinal ganglion cells from oxidative damage and alleviated retinal neurodegeneration induced by optic nerve crush injury.The present study provides a potential therapeutic medicine for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.