PVS-CNN:子流稀疏卷积优化的Point-Voxel CNN

针对经典的三维卷积网络在模型较大的场景上分割和检测的效率低和内存占用大的问题,提出PVS-CNN网络框架,通过更新哈希表和特征稀疏矩阵的方式实现了效率高且占用低的三维卷积,引用子流稀疏卷积改进PV-Conv。将PVS-CNN在ShapeNet和S3DIS数据集上进行评估,实验结果表明,所提出的PVS-CNN比PVCNN快3.6倍,GPU内存占用仅为PVCNN的0.55倍。在目标检测上,与F-PVCNN相比,PVS-CNN在时间效率和检测精度上全面优于F-PVCNN。

STRICTLY WEAK MAJOR EFFICIENT POINT OF SET AND ITS PROPERTIES

In this paper, the strictly weak major efficient point of set is introduced. A functional as a separate function is constructed, therefore, a necessary and sufficient condition for the strictly weak major efficient point of set is established.

Determination of Gamma point source efficiency based on a backpropagation neural network

Efficiency is an important factor in quantitative and qualitative analysis of radionuclides, and the gamma point source efficiency is related to the radial angle,detection distance, and gamma-ray energy. In this work, on the basis of a back-propagation(BP) neural network model,a method to determine the gamma point source efficiency is developed and validated. The efficiency of the point sources ^(137)Cs and ^(60)Co at discrete radial angles, detection distances, and gamma-ray energies is measured, and the BP neural network prediction model is constructed using MATLAB. The gamma point source efficiencies at different radial angles, detection distances, and gamma-ray energies are predicted quickly and accurately using this nonlinear prediction model. The results show that the maximum error between the predicted and experimental values is 3.732% at 661.661 keV, 11π/24, and 35 cm, and those under other conditions are less than 3%. The gamma point source efficiencies obtained using the BP neural network model are in good agreement with experimental data.

ε-strongly Efficient Solutions for Vector Optimization with Set-valued Maps

In locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces,ε-strongly efficient solutions for vector optimization with set-valued maps are discussed.Firstly,ε-strongly efficient point of set is introduced.Secondly,under the nearly cone-subconvexlike set-valued maps,the theorem of scalarization for vector optimization is obtained.Finally,optimality conditions of ε-strongly efficient solutions for vector optimization with generalized inequality constraints and equality constraints are obtained.

Energy Efficiency Optimization for Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Modeled by Matérn Hard-Core Point Process

The Poisson point process(PPP) has been widely used in wireless network modeling and performance analysis due to the independence between its nodes. Therefore, it may not be a suitable model for many of the exclusive networks between the nodes. This paper analyzes the energy efficiency(EE) and optimizes the two-tier heterogeneous cellular networks(Het Nets). Considering the mutual exclusion between macro base stations(MBSs) distribution, the deployment of MBSs is modeled by the Matérn hard-core point process(MHCPP), and the deployment of pico base stations(PBSs) is modeled by the PPP. We adopt a simple approximation method to study the signal to interference ratio(SIR) distribution in two-tier MHCPP-PPP networks and then derive the coverage probabilities, the average data rates and the energy efficiency of Het Nets. Finally, an optimization algorithm is proposed to improve the EE of Het Nets by controlling the transmit power of PBSs. The simulation results show that the EE of a system can be effectively improved by selecting the appropriate transmit power for the PBSs. In addition, two-tier MHCPP-PPP Het Nets have higher energy efficiency than two-tier PPP-PPP Het Nets.

Simple and Efficient Cultivation Technology for the Peanut under the Standardization Mode of Single-seed Sowing

Single-seed sowing is a new,simple and efficient cultivation mode for peanut that realized from cultivation of healthy individual and construction of high-yielding population. The cultivation mode has the obvious advantages in uniform seedling,strong sprouting,seed saving and cost saving,thus it is considered as one of the effective ways for high-yield and high-efficient peanut cultivation in China in the future.Through integrating with other high-efficiency and simple cultivation measures,the single-seed sowing technology system has made conforming to China's national standardization cultivations of peanut and the technology was already applied in the main producing areas of peanut and gained the significant efficiency and abroad application prospects. Based on many years of researches in single-seed sowing technology,high-efficiency fertilization and scientific chemical control in the research team,by combining with the latest research results in plant protection and machinery,this paper described the key points and matters needing attentions from variety selection,planting mode,rational fertilization,planting specifications and field management.

Temperature Effect on Light Concentration Silicon Solar Cell’s Operating Point and Conversion Efficiency

It is well known that temperature acts negatively on practically all the parameters of photovoltaic solar cells. Also, the solar cells which are subjected to particularly very high temperatures are the light concentration solar cells and are used in light concentration photovoltaic systems (CPV). In fact, the significant heating of these solar cells is due to the concentration of the solar flux which arrives on them. Light concentration solar cells appear as solar cells under strong influences of heating and temperature. It is therefore necessary to take into account temperature effect on light concentration solar cells performances in order to obtain realistic results. This one-dimensional study of a crystalline silicon solar cell under light concentration takes into account electrons concentration gradient electric field in the determination of the continuity equation of minority carriers in the base. To determine excess minority carrier’s density, the effects of temperature on the diffusion and mobility of electrons and holes, on the intrinsic concentration of electrons, on carrier’s generation rate as well as on width of band gap have also been taken into account. The results show that an increase of temperature improves diffusion parameters and leads to an increase of the short-circuit photocurrent density. However, an increase of temperature leads to a significant decrease in open-circuit photovoltage, maximum electric power and conversion efficiency. The results also show that the operating point and the maximum power point (MPP) moves to the open circuit when the cell temperature increases.

THE CHARACTERIZATION OF EFFICIENCY AND SADDLE POINT CRITERIA FOR MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM WITH VANISHING CONSTRAINTS

In this article, we focus to study about modified objective function approach for multiobjective optimization problem with vanishing constraints. An equivalent η-approximated multiobjective optimization problem is constructed by a modification of the objective function in the original considered optimization problem. Furthermore, we discuss saddle point criteria for the aforesaid problem. Moreover, we present some examples to verify the established results.

Economic Load Dispatch Based on Efficient Population Utilization Strategy for Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper, the efficient population utilization strategy for particle swarm optimization (EPUSPSO) is proposed to solve the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem of power system. This algorithm improves the accuracy and the speed of its convergence by changing the number of particles effectively, and improving the velocity equation and position equation. In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, this algorithm is tested in three different ELD cases of power system include IEEE 3-unit case, 13-unit case, and 40-unit case, and the obtained results are compared with those obtained from other algorithms using the same system parameters. The compared results show that the algorithm can find the optimal solution effectively and accurately, and avoid falling into the local optimal problem;meanwhile, faster speed can be ensured in the case.

Direct Analytical Method to Calculate Photopeak Efficiency and Photopeak Attenuation Coefficient of NaI(Tl) Well-Type Detector

In this paper full-energy peak (photopeak) efficiency and photopeak attenuation coefficient of 3'' × 3'' NaI(Tl) well-type scintillation detector were calculated using gamma-rayisotropic radiating point sources (with photon energy: 0.245, 0.344, 0.662, 0.779, 0.964, 1.1732, 1.333 and 1.408 MeV) placed outside the detector well. These energies were obtained from 152Eu, 137Cs and 60Co. The relations between the full energy peak efficiency and photopeak attenuation coefficients, were plotted vs. photon energy at different sources to detector distance, and it found that the full energy peak efficiency decreased by increasing the distance between the source and the detector.

煤炭地下气化注气方式与能量回收效率

研究不同注气方式煤炭地下气化(UCG)能量回收情况,有利于发展更高效的UCG工艺。设计并实施了固定和移动注气点UCG模型实验,基于化学计量学和碳平衡法计算了气化煤耗总量及速率,对比分析了2种注气工艺对煤气组成和热值的影响。在此基础上,分析了不同注气方式下煤气产量和有效气体组成的变化,评价了2种注气工艺实验的能量回收效率。结果表明,固定注气点实验中提高O_(2)净注入流量可改善煤气热值衰减的现象,但随着气化空腔的扩大,提高O_(2)净注入流量对气化反应的促进作用逐渐降低;分3次提高O_(2)净注入流量,煤气热值分别提高2.01、1.27和1.10 MJ/Nm^(3),气化效率(煤气的热值与碳的燃烧热之比)分别提高14.64%、9.45%和7.73%。移动注气点位置,可实现煤气热值和气化效率的短时间快速回升,分4次移动注气点位置,每次移动距离为300 mm,煤气热值分别提高2.95、3.32、3.37和2.54 MJ/Nm^(3),气化效率分别提高17.99%、21.04%、27.88%和13.92%。2种注气工艺实验分别气化了72.49 kg和91.47kg的煤,平均煤耗速率分别为0.97和1.27 kg/h,气化效率和煤耗速率呈同步突变,这一现象在改变气化剂注入条件和移动注气点位置后更为明显,表明气化效率与煤耗速率具有一定关系。相比固定注气点实验,移动注气点位置可有效改善气化效果,相同的气化剂注入条件下,有效气体组分和气化效率分别提高12.5%和23.23%。

基于自适应源项离散的点核积分方法计算效率优化研究

点核积分方法面对多源项的复杂场景或是需要对辐射场进行动态更新的情形存在计算耗时较长的问题。针对该问题,通过点核积分程序CIRPDose对圆柱体源、长方体源等5类源项离散引起的误差随计算点与源距离的变化规律进行模拟计算,并提出了一种基于自适应源项离散的点核积分计算效率优化方法。在将该方法集成到CIRPDose程序后,通过自定义算例对其进行测试,测试结果显示,相比传统的固定离散数目,各类型源项在自适应离散方法下的辐射场计算用时最大缩短96.77%,且计算结果平均偏差最大值仅为3.19%,验证了所提方法的可靠性和有效性。研究工作可为核设施内的三维γ辐射场快速计算提供技术支持。

局部阴影下光伏阵列功率转换效率提升进展

光伏发电以其安全可靠、无污染和资源无限性等优点在新型清洁能源领域具有广泛应用前景。对近五年局部遮荫下光伏发电系统功率转换效率提升技术的研究进行了综述。分别从阵列结构改进和最大功率点跟踪算法两个方面分析局部阴影下光伏阵列系统功率转换效率提升方法。从原理、性能提升等方面分析光伏阵列结构对其最大输出功率点的影响,详细分析了TCT结构的重构和补偿方法;从传统最大功率跟踪算法和基于智能计算最大功率点算法两个方面介绍了各种最大功率点跟踪控制方法及相关改进、融合算法。最后,展望了该领域未来的研究方向,以期进一步提升光伏发电系统的工作效率。

斜巷转载点粉尘污染规律及多断面雾幕控尘技术研究

针对斜巷转载点粉尘污染严重的问题,运用COMSOL软件对棋盘井煤矿3号转载点进行了几何建模,并基于计算流体力学(CFD)粒子追踪模型、有限元法和k-ε湍流模型,计算了3号转载点风流流线分布、速度多切面分布以及粉尘粒子运动轨迹,研究了生产工作时3号转载点处风流变化及粉尘运移规律,并针对性地提出了一种多断面雾幕控尘技术。该技术基于螺旋雾幕控尘、超音速隔尘原理,可形成距离长、覆盖范围广的雾幕以最大限度包裹粉尘颗粒,实现粉尘高效净化。最后通过控尘试验及在棋盘井煤矿3号转载点现场应用,验证了该技术的高效降尘特性以及可靠性。研究结果表明:风流分布主要受皮带速度、牵引力和诱导气流的综合作用影响,沿水平和垂直方向分层分布,形成密集且平均速度为0.5 m/s的涡流;粉尘易受涡流影响向四周扩散,主要分布在下风侧,粒径为5~15μm更容易受风流牵引扩散,聚集于工人呼吸带高度,污染严重。将该技术进行控尘试验和现场应用后,全尘和呼尘降尘效率分别高达93.65%、85.59%以上。

侧部双点排烟模式排热效率研究

为探究隧道火灾侧部排烟口排热效率的表达公式,采用理论分析推导出排热效率与火灾热释放速率、排烟风速、排烟口距地面高度、排烟口间距4个影响参数的量纲一关系式,通过FDS数值模拟研究不同因素影响下的烟流特征并对数据进行拟合,确定了排热效率与这4个影响参数的关系。结果表明,在侧部双点排烟模式下,排热效率随火灾热释放速率增大呈-0.33次方减小关系,与排烟口排烟风速呈0.23次方增长关系,与排烟口距地面高度呈1.25次方增长关系,与排烟口间距呈-0.57次方减小关系,最终通过线性拟合建立了考虑吸穿影响的侧部双点排烟模式下排烟口处排热效率的模型。研究结果可为隧道侧部排烟系统的设计提供参考。

非稳态点接触EHL问题高效直接算法研究

发展了一种研究非稳态点接触弹流润滑(Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication,简称EHL)的快速直接算法。在弹流求解过程中,通过分析计算域网格离散的特点,对离散后的Reynolds方程采取按列分块、逐列求解的求解策略,使每个时间步长上求解的方程维数显著减小,从而极大地提高了计算效率。运用新算法获得了点接触EHL纯挤压工况下油膜和压力演变过程中的典型特征,证明了新算法的正确性;数值实验和比较证明,新算法具有复合直接迭代法无可比拟的高效率,与逐行迭代法相比,新算法也具有显著的、更高的计算效率,并且随着网格数量的增加,新算法的高效性愈加凸显。

基于双分支点流语义先验的路面病害分割模型

针对基于深度学习的真实路面病害图像识别算法主要面临的复杂道路背景与病害前景比例不同、病害尺度小等导致的类别严重不平衡、路面病害与道路的几何结构特征对比不明显导致其不易识别等问题,本文提出一种基于双分支语义先验网络,用于指导自注意力骨干特征网络挖掘背景与病害前景的复杂关系,运用高效自注意力机制和互协方差自注意力机制分别对二维空间和特征通道进行语义特征提取,并引入语义局部增强模块提高局部特征聚合能力。本文提出了一种新的稀疏主体点流模块,并与传统特征金字塔网络相结合,进一步缓解路面病害的类别不平衡问题;构建了一个真实场景的道路病害分割数据集,并在该数据集和公开数据集上与多个基线模型进行对比实验,实验结果验证了本模型的有效性。

点融合系统航班进场排序优化元胞自动机模型

针对点融合系统中航班调度问题,构建航班进场排序的二维元胞自动机模型,模拟先来先服务(first come first service, FCFS)和滑动窗口(sliding window, SDW)策略下的航班排序过程,对比不同策略下的终端区运行效率。实验结果表明:若都采用FCFS,使用中国民航航空器尾流重新分类标准(RECAT-CN)代替现行尾流间隔,进场航班流在点融合系统中的总运行时间减少了98 s,运行效率提升了4.3%;若都使用RECAT-CN间隔标准,采用SDW优化后的航班进场序列,较FCFS的总运行时间减少了193 s,运行效率提升了8.5%;点融合技术和RECAT-CN间隔标准可以实现终端区运行安全和效率的同步提升。

新质生产力发展中知识产权司法保护的痛点及其应对

新质生产力是以高品质创新和高效率运用为核心的生产力形态,现阶段,知识产权司法保护仍存在诸多与新质生产力发展要求不相适应的诸多痛点。为了解决这些痛点,司法机关应当牢固树立知识产权保护和效率优先兼顾公平的知识产权司法理念。应当从实体法和程序法两个层面采取相应对策。实体法层面的对策包括:避免将惩罚性赔偿当做补偿性赔偿适用,准确理解和适用通知与必要措施规则,坚持体系化思维对待商业数据的法律保护,加大专利、商标无效宣告力度,加大权利无效抗辩和权利滥用抗辩的适用力度。程序法层面的对策包括:对涉互联网知识产权案件的管辖,坚持互联网思维;积极适用行为保全制度提高保护的即时性和实效性,加大举证妨碍制度的适用,大力减轻权利人举证责任。为了将这些应对措施落到实处,最高人民法院应当通过知识产权标杆性判决,为各个地方法院提供审判指引。

基于锚点的快速三维手部关键点检测算法

在人机协作任务中,手部关键点检测为机械臂提供目标点坐标,A2J(Anchor-to-Joint)是具有代表性的一种利用锚点进行关键点检测的方法。A2J以深度图为输入,可实现较好的检测效果,但对全局特征获取能力不足。文中设计了全局-局部特征融合模块(Global-Local Feature Fusion,GLFF)对骨干网络浅层和深层的特征进行融合。为了提升检测速度,文中将A2J的骨干网络替换为ShuffleNetv2并对其进行改造,用5×5深度可分离卷积替换3×3深度可分离卷积,增大感受野,有效提升了骨干网络对全局特征的提取能力。文中在锚点权重估计分支引入高效通道注意力模块(Efficient Channel Attention,ECA),提升了网络对重要锚点的关注度。在主流数据集ICVL和NYU上进行的训练和测试结果表明,相比于A2J,文中所提方法的平均误差分别降低了0.09 mm和0.15 mm。在GTX1080Ti显卡上实现了151 frame·s^(-1)的检测速率,满足人机协作任务对于实时性的要求。