Proteomics Study of Benzene Metabolite Hydroquinone Induced Hematotoxicity in K562 Cells

Objective Hydroquinone(HQ),one of the phenolic metabolites of benzene,is widely recognized as an important participant in benzene-induced hematotoxicity.However,there are few relevant proteomics in HQ-induced hematotoxicity and the mechanism hasn’t been fully understood yet.Methods In this study,we treated K562 cells with 40μmol/L HQ for 72 h,examined and validated protein expression changes by Label-free proteomic analysis and Parallel reaction monitoring(PRM),and performed bioinformatics analysis to identify interaction networks.Results One hundred and eighty-seven upregulated differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)and 279 downregulated DEPs were identified in HQ-exposed K562 cells,which were involved in neutrophilmediated immunity,blood microparticle,and other GO terms,as well as the lysosome,metabolic,cell cycle,and cellular senescence-related pathways.Focusing on the 23 DEGs and 5 DEPs in erythroid differentiation-related pathways,we constructed the network of protein interactions and determined 6 DEPs(STAT1,STAT3,CASP3,KIT,STAT5B,and VEGFA)as main hub proteins with the most interactions,among which STATs made a central impact and may be potential biomarkers of HQ-induced hematotoxicity.Conclusion Our work reinforced the use of proteomics and bioinformatic approaches to advance knowledge on molecular mechanisms of HQ-induced hematotoxicity at the protein level and provide a valuable basis for further clarification.

Effect on Proliferation and Erythroid Differentiation of K562 Cells by IER3IP1-Knockdown

Objective： To investigate the effect on erythroid differentiation and proliferation of K562 cells by IER3IP1-knockdown with RNA interference targeting at IER3IP1 gene. Methods： The shRNA eukaryotic expression vectors targeting at IER3IP1 gene were designed and constructed. Inhibitory effect was detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The impacts on K562 cells by RNAi were studied by MTT assay, benzidine staining, light microscope and electron microscopy observation, cell cycles analysis, colony formation assay and RT-PCR. The expressions of erythroid differentiation correlated genes Gfi-lB, GPA and 7-globin were studied after being exposed to 0.2μmol/L imatinib for two days. Results： The shRNA eukaryotic expression vectors were successfully constructed. The expression of IER3IP1 gene was significantly inhibited with an inhibition efficiency of 76% （P〈0.01）. Compared with the control groups, bcr/abl mRNA level was increased in K562/shRNA-IER3IP1 group （P〈0.01）. The proliferation ability was enhanced （P〈0.01） and the proportion of cells at G0/G1 phase decreased but S phase increased （P〈0.05） in K562/shRNA-IER3IP1 group. Under electron microscopy, the amount of euchromatin increased but heterochromatin decreased. There were structural abnomalities in endocytoplasmic reticulum and clusters of vesicular. The percentage of benzidine staining positive cells and mRNA expression levels of Gfi-1B, GPA and γ-globin were all decreased after being exposed to 0.2 μmol/L STI571 for two days in K562/shRNA-IER3IP1 group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： IER3IP1-knockdown can hinder the erythroid differentiation and elevate the proliferation level of K562 cells. IER3IP1 may play a role in erythroid differentiation and proliferation of K562 cells.

Effect of Hydroxyapatitc Nanoparticles on K562 Cells in vitro

Stable and single-dispersed hydroxyapatite （HAP） nanoparticles were synthesized with ultrasonic-assisted method. HAP nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, XRD （X-ray diffraction） and TEM （Transmission Electron Microscopy）. The effect of HAP nanoparticles on the K562 human myelogenous leukemia cell line was investigated by MTT assay and cell count test, and the mechanism was studied through the changes of cell cycle and ultrastructure. The results showed that HAP nanoparticles inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells dramatically in vitro. HAP nanoparticles entered the cytoplasm of K562 cells and the cells were arrested at G/M phase, thus, the cells died directly.

Lethal Effect of Benzene Nitrogen Mustard Glucoside Derivate on K562 Cells

A new synthesized benzene nitrogen mustard was converted into glycosyl donor-trichloroacetimidate that was glycosylated with p-nitrophenol（glycosyl donors） to form β-lactosyl p-nitrobenzene under the protection of acetyl in a stereoselective manner, was prepared and evaluated for its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line. Methylthiazoy tetrazolium（MTT） assay, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, flow cytometry（FCM） and immunohistochemistry were utilized to explore the mechanisms of how the compound arrests the growth of HCT-T cells. This new synthesed benzene nitrogen mustard glucoside derivate（BNMGD） presented a lower toxicity to normal cells, but is significantly more toxic to K562 cells compared with nitrogen mustard, meanwhile it can induce the apoptosis of K562 cells. These results indicate that the new synthesized BNMGD can inhibit the growth of K562 cells and induce the apoptosis, and its cytotoxicity towards cultured K562 cell line is much more effective than that of nitrogen mustard.

Zeylenone promotes apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia-derived K562 cells by a mechanism involving Jak2 and src kinase

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to investigate anticancer effect of zeylenone(Zey)on K562 cells derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML)both in vitro and in vivo,followed by exploring the underlying mechanisms.METHODS Initially,the effects of Zey on cel viability,proliferation,and apoptosis were measured in K562 cells by MTT,soft agar assay,AO/EB staining,hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis after they were treated with Zey for indicated time,the involving signaling pathways were then investigated by JC-1,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR),Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis.Furthermore,the in vivo anti-tumoractivity of Zey was assessed with nude xenografts and the involving mechanism was confirmed by immunohistochemical(IHC)and histopathological analysis.RESULTS We identified that Zey dose-dependently decreased cell viability,colony formation and expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen(PCNA),and significantly induced K562 cell apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2 family members,decreasing mitochondrial transmembrane potential,and activating caspase-3,caspase-9,and caspase-8(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Further study revealed that Zey significantly inhibited phosphorylation of Jak2 and Src and downregulated their downstream proteins,including stat3,PI3K/AKT/m TOR,and ERK1/2 signaling pathways(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Zey also suppressed tumor growth with low toxicity in mouse xenograft model of K562cells through decreasing expression of Jak2 and Src.CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that Zey substantially suppressed K562 cells both in vitro and in vivo through Jak2 and Src pathways.These findings suggest the potential of Zey as an effective anticancer agent in CML treatment.

Suppression of Amino Acid Transporter LAT3 Expression on Proliferation of K562 Cells

The activity of the mTOR pathway is frequently increased in acute myeloid leukemia, and is tightly related with cellular proliferation. Leucine is tightly linked to the mTOR pathway and can acti- vate it, thereby stimulating cellular proliferation. LAT3 is a major transporter for leucine, and suppres- sion of its expression can reduce cell proliferation. Here, we show that suppression of LAT3 expression can reduce proliferation of the acute leukemia cell line, K562. We investigated the mRNA and protein expression of LAT3 in several leukemia cell lines and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMNCs） using RT-PCR and Western blotting. We also evaluated cell viability using a methyl thia- zolyl tetrazolium （MTT） assay after blocking LAT3 expression with either shRNA targeted to LAT3 or a small molecular inhibitor BCH （2-aminobicyclo-（2,2,1）-heptane-2-carboxylic acid）. LAT3 mRNA and protein expression was detected in leukemia cell lines, but not in normal PBMNCs. Using K562 cells, it was found that cellular proliferation and mTOR pathway activity were significantly reduced when LAT3 was blocked with either shRNA or BCH. Our results suggest that leukemia cell proliferation can be sig- nificantly suppressed by blocking LAT3. This finding may lead to a new strategy to develop clinical therapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

EFFECT OF BcL-2 ANTISENSE DRUG WITH DIFFERENT STRUCTURE ON THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF K562 CELLS

Objective: To study the differences and similarities of the antisense drugs with different structures on the biological functions of K562 cells. Methods: Cytotoxic effects were measured by use of a cell viability assay. Flow cytometric analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA fragmentation were also performed. The expression level of protein was assayed by immunofluorescence using fluoresce isothiocyanate label. Results: PNA targeting the coding region of the Bcl-2 messenger RNA could effectively inhibit K562 cell viability, down-regulate the synthesis of the Bcl-2 protein and increase cell apoptosis. By 72 h after the Bcl-2 antisense PNA treatment, K562 cells showed more reduction in the level of Bcl-2 protein compared with cells treated with the antisense ODN. After treatment with 10 μmol/L of Bcl-2 antisense PNA or antisense ODN for 72 h, apoptotic rates of K562 cells were 13.15±1.13 and 11.72±1.12, respectively. Furthermore, there was significant difference in the percentage of apoptotic cells between antisense PNA group and antisense ODN group. Conclusion: The results suggest that antisense PNA targeting the coding region of Bcl-2 mRNA has better antisense effects than the antisense oligonucleotides on inducing apoptosis of K562 cells. Key words Bcl-2 - Antisense peptide nucleic acid - Antisense oligonucleotide - K562 cells - Apoptosis CLC number Q255 Foundation item: This work was supported by the Key Foundation of Science & Technology Program of Guangzhou (No.2001-Z-037-01), and the Nature Science Key Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 021195).Biography: LEI Xiao-yong(1970–), male, associate professor, doctor of medicine, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Nanhua University, majors in tumor pharmacology.

The Difference of Sensitivity between BXPC-3 and K562 Cells by Treatments with Combination of Indole-3-acetic Acid and Horseradish Peroxidase

The difference of sensitivity to indole- 3-acetic acid （ IAA ） combined with horseradish peroxidase （HRP） in K562 and BXPC- 3 cells was investigated. The cell proliferation was determined by MTF assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis of K562 and BXPC-3 cells were examined by a fluorescence flow cytometer （FCM） and terminal deoxynacleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） respectively. The experimental results show that IAA and HRP could inhibit BXPC- 3 cell proliferation greatly compared with K562 cell during the first 48 h . The cell cycle was arrested predominantly at G2/ M phase in K562 and BXPC- 3 cells. The cell apoptosis of K562 and BXPC- 3 was induced by IAA/ HRP. There was a significant difference between the two cell lines since BXPC-3 cells were more sensitive than K562 cells by treatments with combination of IAA and HRP.

Antitumor Effect of Betulinic Acid on Human Acute Leukemia K562 Cells in vitro

The effects of betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene, on the cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells were investigated. The effects of BA on the growth of K562 cells were studied by MTT assay. Apoptosis was assayed through Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double-labeled cytometry. The effects of BA on the cell cycle of K562 cells were studied by a PI method. The expression of Bax and capase-3 was detected by using Western blot. The results showed that BA was cytotoxic to K562 cells with an IC50 of 21.26 μg/mL at 24 h. After treating K562 cells with 10 μg/mL BA for 72 h, the number of cells was reduced by 58%. BA induced apoptosis of K562 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The proportion of cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases was decreased and that in S phase was increased after K562 cells were treated with BA for 24 h. BA treatment also increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3. It suggested that BA could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The antitumor effects of BA were related with up-regulation of the expression of Bax and caspase-3 proteins. BA may qualify for the development of new therapies for leukemia.

Antiproliferation Effects of Curcumin on the STAT5 Signaling Parthway in K562 Cells

OBJECTIVE Curcumin is the major component of the spice turmeric and the yellow pigment in curry powder. Many studies have shown that curcumin （diferuloylmethane） has significant antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in cancer cells by several mechanisms. Signal transducers and activators of transcription （STAT） proteins are critical in mediating a response in hematopoietic cells. This study was designed to investigate whether curcumin is associated with proteins involved in signal transduction and activation of transcription （STAT） and to investigate the expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription and the significance of the STAT5 signaling pathway of by treating k562 cells and cells from CML patients with curcumin. METHODS The study was divided into the following groups： normal control cells （human bone marrow cells）, untreated K562 cells, curcumin treated K562 cells, IFN-γ treated K562 cells, curcumin plus IFN-γ treated K562 cells, and CML patient cells with and without curcumin treatment. Cell proliferation was measured by the MTT assay. The expression of STAT5 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR. The expression of the STAT5 protein was assayed by Western-blotting and the expression of STAT5 in K562 cells was examined under confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The expression of STAT5 mRNA of K562 cells was determined with in situ hybridization. EMSA was used to assess the change in binding of STAT5 with DNA in CML patient cells. RESULTS The proliferation of the K562 cells and CML primary cells was decreased in the curcumin-treated group and/or IFN-γ group. The expression of STAT5 mRNA and protein were decreased the curcumin-treated group as compared with the K562 untreated group （P〈0.01）. STAT5 mRNA and protein expression was decreased in the IFN-γ group compared to the untreated K562 group （P〈0.01）. Combined use of curcumin with IFN-γ inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells and decreased the expression of STAT5 mRNA and protein of the K562 cells. For the CML patient cells, the OD value of STAT5-DNA binding in the curcumin treated cells was less than that compared to untreated cells. CONCLUSION The antiproliferation effects of curcumin may partly be mediated through signal transduction and activation of transcription and may involve the STAT5 signaling pathway.

The modulation of radiation-induced cell death by genistein in K562 cells:Activation of thymidine kinase 1

Ionizing radiation is one of the most effective tools in cancer therapy. In a previous study, we reported that protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors modulate the radiation responses in the human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)cell line K562. The receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, delayed radiation-induced cell death, while non-recepter tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A (HMA) enhances radiation-induced apoptosis. In this study, we focused on the modulation of radiation-induced cell death by genistein and performed PCR-select suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH) to understand its molecular mechanism. We identified human thymidine kinase 1 (TK1), which is cell cycle regulatory gene and confirmed expression of TK1 mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Expression of TK1 mRNA and TK 1enzymatic activity were parallel in their increase and decrease. TK1 is involved in G1-S phase transition of cell cycle progression. In cell cycle analysis, we showed that radiation induced G2 arrest in K562 cells but it was not able to sustain. However, the addition of genistein to irradiated cells sustained a prolonged G2 arrest up to 120 h. In addition,the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, cyclin A and cyclin B 1, provided the evidences of G1/S progression and G2-arrest, and their relationship with TK1 in cells treated with radiation and genistein. These results suggest that the activation of TK1 may be critical to modulate the radiation-induced cell death and cell cycle progression in irradiated K562 cells.

Arsenic Trioxide Inhibits Proliferation in K562 Cells by Changing Cell Cycle and Survivin Expression

To study the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemic cells (K562) proliferation induced by arsenic trioxide (As 2O 3) and to explore the potential role of Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, in the regulation of As 2O 3 induced cell apoptosis, K562 cells were cultured with As 2O 3 of different concentrations. Cells were collected for proliferation analysis by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of Survivin protein and mRNA were detected by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. Our results showed that As 2O 3 (2-10 μmol/L) inhibited K562 cells growth effectively, but it did not induce cells apoptosis significantly. The percentage of K562 cells at G 2/M phase increased in proportion to As 2O 3 concentrations, and the expression of Survivin mRNA and content of Survivin protein was up-regulated accordingly. It is concluded that As 2O 3 inhibited K562 cells growth by inducing cell cycle arrest mainly at G 2/M phase. Over-expression of Survivin gene and protein might be one of the possible mechanisms contributing to K562 cells' resistance to As 2O 3-induced apoptosis.

Effects of Root Extracts from <i>Panax ginseng</i>C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) of Different Ages on K562 Cells

It is well accepted in China that elder ginsengs have more bioactivity and value than younger ones. However, there is little research about the comparison of beneficial effects of ginsengs with different ages. In this study, ginseng root extracts (GRE) were extracted from ginsengs of 5, 8, 12, 14, and 16 years old, respectively, using 55% ethanol and their effects on human leukemic K562 cells within 48 hours were tested by using Cell Counting Kit-8. The results show that there are significant increases in the cell viability of all the GRE groups compared with Control group within 32 hours. Furthermore, the growth curves of GRE groups were obviously distinct from each other. The cell viability of 5-year-old and 8-year-old GRE groups kept a rapid increase while that of 16-year-old GRE group showed a strong fluctuation within 28 hours. Our results demonstrate that root extracts from ginsengs of different ages contain different bioactivity constituents and have different effects on cell.

Study of Celastrol on Akt Signaling Pathway and Its Roles in the Apoptosis of K562 Cells

The purpose Celastrol, the main active compound of the Celastrus genus plants, belonging to Celastraceae, has recently marked antitumour potency on solid tumours of various derivations, Methods: We demonstrate here that Celastrol also present powerful antileukaemic potency through both growth arrest and apoptosis induction in K562 cells, which was accompanied by typical apoptotic morphological and sharp decreased expression of phosphorylation level of Caspase family members and Akt signaling pathway related proteins were determined by western blot before and after celastrol treatment, and further the effect of AKT signaling pathway on celastrol-induced-apoptosis was analyzed. However, in vitro treatment with Celastrol resulted in significantly reduced expression of phophorylation of Akt, Survivin and Bcl-2 significantly in K562 cells. Results: 25 nmol/L WORT (PI3K-Akt inhibitor) can significantly augmented cell apoptosis induced by Celastrol in K562 cells in dose-dependent manner, Moreover, most Caspase3,8,6 were activated in K562 cells during Celastrol treatment, 50 μmol/Lz-VAD-fmk (Caspase inhibitor) can to enhance the apoptosis induced by Celastrol. Discussion: These results suggest that the fact that Akt signaling pathway might act as new targets of Celastrol, correlates well with the sensitivity to Celastrol, as well as the rate of apoptosis induced by Celastrol, Mechanisms that regulate Akt signaling pathway may be provide novel opportunities for drug development.

二烯丙基二硫通过磷酸化Chk1负调控Cdc25C/CyclinB1/CDK1通路阻滞白血病K562细胞G_(2)/M期

目的:研究二烯丙基二硫(diallyl disulfide,DADS)诱导人白血病K562细胞周期阻滞及其分子机制。方法:采用CCK-8、细胞计数及流式细胞术观察DADS对K562细胞增殖与周期阻滞效应。Western Blot检测DADS对K562细胞PCNA、Chk1/2以及下游分子Cdc25C、CyclinB1与CDK1表达的影响。结果:CCK-8检测显示,15μmol/L、30μmol/L、60μmol/L、120μmol/L、240μmol/L DADS处理后,呈浓度依赖性抑制K562细胞增殖,抑制率分别为32.48%、59.34%、66.42%、77.06%、81.05%(P<0.05)。对照组与Tween80组无抑制作用(P>0.05)。细胞计数结果显示,30μmol/L、60μmol/L与120μmol/L DADS处理K562细胞后,群体倍增时间分别为22.71±0.29、36.69±0.93与73.02±0.87呈浓度依赖性增加(P<0.05),而Tween80组与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。流式细胞术检测显示,60μmol/L与120μmol/L DADS作用K562细胞24 h与48 h后,G_(2)/M期百分率分别增加到17.6%与28.5%和18.6%与34.4%,较对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。60μmol/L DADS作用K562细胞1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h和24 h后,PCNA表达呈时间依赖性表达下调(P<0.05)。p-Chk1表达呈时间依赖性上调(P<0.05),而Chk1、Chk2与p-Chk2表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。并且,Cdc25C、CyclinB1和CDK1分别呈时间依赖性下调(P<0.05),但是,14-3-3蛋白无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:DADS可磷酸化Chk1通过Cdc25C/CyclinB1/CDK1通路抑制K562细胞增殖与阻滞G_(2)/M期。

IL-39在K562细胞中的作用及机制研究

目的:初步探索IL-39在K562细胞中的作用及机制。方法:qRT-PCR检测K562细胞IL-39R及STAT1/STAT3表达;Western blot检测K562细胞磷酸化的STAT1/STAT3及STAT1/STAT3蛋白水平;转录组学测序预测IL-39在K562细胞中调控的mRNA。结果:rIL-39显著促进K562细胞表面IL-39R的表达;IL-39在K562细胞中通过STAT1通路发挥作用;IL-39能够显著调控K562细胞中mRNA的表达,从而影响一系列生物学过程。结论:IL-39能够直接作用于K562细胞,显著改变K562细胞中的基因转录表达,继而通过STAT1通路发挥抗肿瘤效应,提示IL-39可能以相同方式作用于人白血病细胞。

钩吻总碱诱导慢性粒细胞白血病K562细胞凋亡的机制分析

目的 探讨钩吻总碱对慢性粒细胞白血病K562细胞的抑杀作用及其机制,为其抗白血病研究提供科学依据。方法 以不同浓度钩吻总碱(25、50、100、200、400μg·mL-1)干预K562细胞,MTT法测定其对K562细胞活力的影响;倒置相差显微镜观察其对K562细胞形态的影响;DAPI染色法观察K562细胞核形态变化;Annexin V FITC/PI流式细胞术检测K562细胞凋亡情况;比色法测定caspase-3活性变化;RT-PCR检测Bax和Bcl-2基因的表达水平。结果 钩吻总碱对K562细胞抑制效果呈时间、剂量依赖性,24 h时IC50为122μg·mL^(-1);TAG干预K562细胞后细胞形态逐渐不规则、胞质不清、胞核皱缩,最终胞膜的完整性破坏;DAPI染色发现细胞体积变小,整体皱缩,胞核固缩、生成典型的凋亡小体;Annexin V FITC/PI流式细胞测定显示K562细胞凋亡以早凋为主,存在量效关系;不同浓度钩吻总碱作用于K562细胞24 h后caspase-3的活性提高;RT-PCR检测发现TAG干预后会下调Bcl-2基因表达、上调Bax基因表达,二者均表现出量效关系。结论 钩吻总碱可能通过上调Bax基因表达、下调Bcl-2基因表达,活化caspase-3,从而诱导慢性粒细胞白血病K562细胞发生早期凋亡,抑制其细胞活力。

DDX5对白血病K562细胞生物学功能的影响及其机制

目的探讨DDX5解螺旋酶对白血病细胞系K562细胞增殖、凋亡和分化的影响。方法利用癌症基因数据库GEPIA中的数据分析DDX5 mRNA在白血病患者组织中的表达;生存曲线分析DDX5 mRNA表达水平与白血病患者预后关系;采用小干扰RNA(siRNA)瞬时转染K562细胞以敲低DDX5;使用实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)检测沉默效果;采用Western blot检测蛋白表达水平;采用CCK-8实验检查细胞增殖能力、采用Western blot和免疫荧光检测细胞增殖相关蛋白的表达水平;采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;采用流式细胞术和Western blot检测细胞分化相关蛋白的表达水平。最后,通过RT-PCR和Western blot检测沉默DDX5对P21和P53蛋白表达水平的影响。结果GEPIA数据库分析结果显示DDX5在人白血病骨髓组织中的表达水平显著高于健康人群,低表达DDX5的患者具有更长的生存期。体外实验表明敲低DDX5可显著抑制K562细胞的增殖,流式细胞术检测结果表明可以促进细胞凋亡、促进CD11b和CD14蛋白的表达诱导细胞分化。沉默DDX5促进P21和P53蛋白的表达水平。结论DDX5可能通过靶向P53抑制白血病细胞系K562细胞增殖,促进凋亡诱导分化。

白花蛇舌草诱导活性氧类物质抑制慢性髓系白血病K562细胞增殖

目的探讨白花蛇舌草(HDW)诱导活性氧类物质对慢性髓系白血病(CML)K562细胞增殖的影响。方法流式细胞法检测HDW作用下K562细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平。将K562细胞分为对照组、HDW组、N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸组(NAC组)和HDW+NAC组,观察各组细胞ROS、活力、形态、增殖和细胞周期分布情况,Western blotting法检测细胞周期相关蛋白和磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(p-PI3K)、磷酸化丝氨酸苏氨酸激酶(p-Akt)蛋白表达情况。结果HDW能提高K562细胞内ROS水平(P<0.05)。对照组、NAC组细胞含大量拒染细胞且形态无明显变化,HDW组、HDW+NAC组拒染细胞减少,着色细胞增多,有染色质聚集和细胞核膜崩解现象。与对照组相比,HDW组细胞内ROS、G1期占比、p21和p53蛋白表达升高,S期占比和细胞周期素D1、细胞周期素依赖蛋白激酶4、p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);NAC干预能部分逆转HDW作用效果(P<0.05)。结论HDW能诱导活性氧类物质升高来降低K562细胞增殖能力,与细胞周期阻滞、调节PI3K/Akt通路活性有关。

牛蒡子苷元对白血病K562/A02细胞耐药性的逆转作用及机制

目的:研究牛蒡子苷元对白血病耐药细胞株K562/A02阿霉素耐药性的影响及其作用机制。方法:体外培养人白血病细胞株K562及阿霉素耐药细胞株K562/A02,使用2.5-50μmol/L阿霉素处理,CCK-8检测细胞生长情况并计算药物半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))。采用不同浓度的牛蒡子苷元(1、2、4、8、16 mmol/L)处理K562/A02细胞,检测牛蒡子苷元对K562/A02细胞的影响,筛选适用浓度用于后续实验。在2 mmol/L牛蒡子苷元处理的K562/A02细胞中加入5μmol/L阿霉素,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Western blot检测P-gp、MRP、cleaved caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2以及TLR4/NF-κB信号通路蛋白的表达。在牛蒡子苷元和阿霉素共处理的K562/A02细胞中转染TLR4过表达质粒,检测细胞的药物敏感性和凋亡水平。结果:阿霉素对K562/A02细胞的IC_(50)为36.57μmol/L,高于K562细胞(1.30μmol/L)。当牛蒡子苷元浓度≤2 mmol/L时,K562/A02的细胞生长不会受到明显抑制。经2 mmol/L的牛蒡子苷元处理后,阿霉素对K562/A02细胞的IC_(50)明显降低。与对照组相比,牛蒡子苷元组K562/A02细胞凋亡率明显上升,cleaved caspase-3、Bax蛋白的表达明显上调,P-gp、MRP、Bcl-2、TLR4、My D88和p-NF-κB蛋白的表达明显下调,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在转染TLR4过表达质粒后,牛蒡子苷元处理的K562/A02细胞对阿霉素的敏感性明显降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡下降,并显著提升了P-gp、MRP、Bcl-2和TLR4/NF-κB信号通路蛋白的表达(P<0.05),同时降低了cleaved caspase-3和Bax蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。结论:牛蒡子苷元可能通过抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路从而逆转人白血病耐药细胞株K562/A02对阿霉素的耐药性。