In 2002,the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative(NKF KDOQI)instituted new guidelines that established a novel chronic kidney disease(CKD)staging paradigm.This set of guidelines,since u...In 2002,the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative(NKF KDOQI)instituted new guidelines that established a novel chronic kidney disease(CKD)staging paradigm.This set of guidelines,since updated,is now very widely accepted around the world.Nevertheless,the authoritative United States Preventative Task Force had in August 2012acknowledged that we know surprisingly little about whether screening adults with no signs or symptoms of CKD improve health outcomes and that we deserve better information on CKD.More recently,the American Society of Nephrology and the American College of Physicians,two very well respected United States professional physician organizations were strongly at odds coming out with exactly opposite recommendations regarding the need or otherwise for"CKD screening"among the asymptomatic population.In this review,we revisit the various angles and perspectives of these conflicting arguments,raise unanswered questionsregarding the validity and veracity of the NKF KDOQI CKD staging model,and raise even more questions about the soundness of its evidence-base.We show clinical evidence,from a Mayo Clinic Health System Renal Unit in Northwestern Wisconsin,United States,of the pitfalls of the current CKD staging model,show the inexactitude and unpredictable vagaries of current CKD prediction models and call for a more cautious and guarded application of CKD staging paradigms in clinical practice.The impacts of acute kidney injury on CKD initiation and CKD propagation and progression,the effects of such phenomenon as the syndrome of late onset renal failure from angiotensin blockade and the syndrome of rapid onset end stage renal disease on CKD initiation,CKD propagation and CKD progression to end stage renal disease all demand further study and analysis.Yet more research on CKD staging,CKD prognostication and CKD predictions are warranted.Finally and most importantly,cognizant of the very serious limitations and drawbacks of the NKF K/DOQI CKD staging model,the need to individualize CKD care,both in terms of patient care and prognostication,cannot be overemphasized.展开更多
Introduction: The use of repeated thermal therapy for improving the symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF) has been recently demonstrated. Usually, thermal therapy requires an infrared dry sauna. However, it is diffi...Introduction: The use of repeated thermal therapy for improving the symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF) has been recently demonstrated. Usually, thermal therapy requires an infrared dry sauna. However, it is difficult for small clinics to acquire such an expensive and extensive system. The author assessed the efficacy of its substitution with hot water bottles. Moreover, there are no prior studies demonstrating the efficacy of thermal therapy in hemodialysis patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: The author evaluated plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in 98 hemodialysis patients in a clinic. A total of nine patients whose BNP levels were more than 500 pg/mL agreed to be enrolled in this study and received thermal therapy using hot water bottles. Results: Plasma BNP levels, a potential marker for CHF, tended to decrease (891 ± 448 pg/mL to 680 ± 339 pg/mL), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.0845). The oral temperature changed from 36.44℃± 0.45℃ to 37.04℃ ± 0.48℃ (+0.597℃, P < 0.0001). No side effects were experienced during the therapy. Moreover, most patients had an improvement in their symptoms and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Conclusion: Thermal therapy using hot water bottles is very safe and tends to reduce plasma BNP levels in hemodialysis patients with CHF.展开更多
【目的】探讨心康片对阿霉素诱导的慢性心力衰竭(简称心衰)大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率、胶原容积分数、肌浆网Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响。【方法】采用SD大鼠腹腔内注射阿霉素法复制心衰大鼠模型。于造模成功后,随机分为5组:模型组,西药组,中药低...【目的】探讨心康片对阿霉素诱导的慢性心力衰竭(简称心衰)大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率、胶原容积分数、肌浆网Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响。【方法】采用SD大鼠腹腔内注射阿霉素法复制心衰大鼠模型。于造模成功后,随机分为5组:模型组,西药组,中药低、中、高剂量组,每组10只,分别给予蒸馏水,地高辛混悬液(22.5μg/kg),心康片水溶液(9、18、36 g/kg),将以上各药物应用蒸馏水稀释成等体积10 m L/kg灌胃,每日1次,连续给药5周。另随机选取同批次大鼠10只进入假手术组,腹腔内注射等量生理盐水,蒸馏水灌胃。通过TUNEL法检测大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率、Masson三色染色后计算大鼠心肌胶原容积分数(CVF)、定磷法测定肌浆网Ca2+-ATP酶(SERCA2a)活性。【结果】与假手术组比较,模型组心肌细胞凋亡率、CVF均显著升高(P<0.01),提示心衰大鼠发生了病理性心肌重构;与模型组比较,西药组与中药低、中、高剂量组心肌细胞凋亡率显著下降(P<0.01),提示地高辛与心康片均能一定程度上减少细胞凋亡。西药组与中剂量、高剂量中药组的心肌胶原容积分数均低于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),可见地高辛与心康片均可显著延缓心肌细胞的纤维化。同时,中药中、高剂量组心肌细胞SERCA2a活性均显著高于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),提示心康片可能通过调节SERCA2a活性的途径,从而减轻心肌重构,改善心脏功能。【结论】心康片可能通过调节SERCA2a活性降低心肌细胞凋亡率和心肌细胞容积分数,具有抗心肌细胞凋亡、抗心肌纤维化的作用,从而延缓心肌间质重构。展开更多
文摘In 2002,the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative(NKF KDOQI)instituted new guidelines that established a novel chronic kidney disease(CKD)staging paradigm.This set of guidelines,since updated,is now very widely accepted around the world.Nevertheless,the authoritative United States Preventative Task Force had in August 2012acknowledged that we know surprisingly little about whether screening adults with no signs or symptoms of CKD improve health outcomes and that we deserve better information on CKD.More recently,the American Society of Nephrology and the American College of Physicians,two very well respected United States professional physician organizations were strongly at odds coming out with exactly opposite recommendations regarding the need or otherwise for"CKD screening"among the asymptomatic population.In this review,we revisit the various angles and perspectives of these conflicting arguments,raise unanswered questionsregarding the validity and veracity of the NKF KDOQI CKD staging model,and raise even more questions about the soundness of its evidence-base.We show clinical evidence,from a Mayo Clinic Health System Renal Unit in Northwestern Wisconsin,United States,of the pitfalls of the current CKD staging model,show the inexactitude and unpredictable vagaries of current CKD prediction models and call for a more cautious and guarded application of CKD staging paradigms in clinical practice.The impacts of acute kidney injury on CKD initiation and CKD propagation and progression,the effects of such phenomenon as the syndrome of late onset renal failure from angiotensin blockade and the syndrome of rapid onset end stage renal disease on CKD initiation,CKD propagation and CKD progression to end stage renal disease all demand further study and analysis.Yet more research on CKD staging,CKD prognostication and CKD predictions are warranted.Finally and most importantly,cognizant of the very serious limitations and drawbacks of the NKF K/DOQI CKD staging model,the need to individualize CKD care,both in terms of patient care and prognostication,cannot be overemphasized.
文摘Introduction: The use of repeated thermal therapy for improving the symptoms of chronic heart failure (CHF) has been recently demonstrated. Usually, thermal therapy requires an infrared dry sauna. However, it is difficult for small clinics to acquire such an expensive and extensive system. The author assessed the efficacy of its substitution with hot water bottles. Moreover, there are no prior studies demonstrating the efficacy of thermal therapy in hemodialysis patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: The author evaluated plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in 98 hemodialysis patients in a clinic. A total of nine patients whose BNP levels were more than 500 pg/mL agreed to be enrolled in this study and received thermal therapy using hot water bottles. Results: Plasma BNP levels, a potential marker for CHF, tended to decrease (891 ± 448 pg/mL to 680 ± 339 pg/mL), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.0845). The oral temperature changed from 36.44℃± 0.45℃ to 37.04℃ ± 0.48℃ (+0.597℃, P < 0.0001). No side effects were experienced during the therapy. Moreover, most patients had an improvement in their symptoms and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Conclusion: Thermal therapy using hot water bottles is very safe and tends to reduce plasma BNP levels in hemodialysis patients with CHF.
文摘【目的】探讨心康片对阿霉素诱导的慢性心力衰竭(简称心衰)大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率、胶原容积分数、肌浆网Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响。【方法】采用SD大鼠腹腔内注射阿霉素法复制心衰大鼠模型。于造模成功后,随机分为5组:模型组,西药组,中药低、中、高剂量组,每组10只,分别给予蒸馏水,地高辛混悬液(22.5μg/kg),心康片水溶液(9、18、36 g/kg),将以上各药物应用蒸馏水稀释成等体积10 m L/kg灌胃,每日1次,连续给药5周。另随机选取同批次大鼠10只进入假手术组,腹腔内注射等量生理盐水,蒸馏水灌胃。通过TUNEL法检测大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率、Masson三色染色后计算大鼠心肌胶原容积分数(CVF)、定磷法测定肌浆网Ca2+-ATP酶(SERCA2a)活性。【结果】与假手术组比较,模型组心肌细胞凋亡率、CVF均显著升高(P<0.01),提示心衰大鼠发生了病理性心肌重构;与模型组比较,西药组与中药低、中、高剂量组心肌细胞凋亡率显著下降(P<0.01),提示地高辛与心康片均能一定程度上减少细胞凋亡。西药组与中剂量、高剂量中药组的心肌胶原容积分数均低于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),可见地高辛与心康片均可显著延缓心肌细胞的纤维化。同时,中药中、高剂量组心肌细胞SERCA2a活性均显著高于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),提示心康片可能通过调节SERCA2a活性的途径,从而减轻心肌重构,改善心脏功能。【结论】心康片可能通过调节SERCA2a活性降低心肌细胞凋亡率和心肌细胞容积分数,具有抗心肌细胞凋亡、抗心肌纤维化的作用,从而延缓心肌间质重构。
