The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this p...The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this paper, handicap is defined as the difficulty to survive and reproduce independently. Kin sociality is derived from the childhood handicap-care principle where the children are the handicapped children who receive the care from the kin caregivers in the inclusive kin group to survive. The caregiver gives care for its self-interest to reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of kin sociality contains the handicapped childhood and the caregiving adulthood. Eusociality is derived from the adulthood handicap-care principle where responsible adults are the handicapped adults who give care and receive care at the same time in the interdependent eusocial group to survive and reproduce its gene. Queen bees reproduce, but must receive care from worker bees that work but must rely on queen bees to reproduce. A caregiver gives care for its self-interest to survive and reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of eusociality contains the handicapped childhood-adulthood and the caregiving adulthood. The chronological sequence of the sociality evolution is individual sociality without handicap, kin sociality with handicapped childhood, and eusociality with handicapped adulthood. Eusociality in humans is derived from bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The chronological sequence of the eusocial human evolution is 1) the eusocial early hominins with bipedalism and the mixed habitat, 2) the eusocial early Homo species with bipedalism, the larger brain, and the open habitat, 3) the eusocial late Homo species with bipedalism, the largest brain, and the unstable habitat, and 4) extended eusocial Homo sapiens with bipedalism, the shrinking brain, omnipresent imagination, and the harsh habitat. The omnipresence of imagination in human culture converts eusociality into extended eusociality with both perception and omnipresent imagination.展开更多
To examine the importance of kin selection in shaping human societies, this study analyzed the kinship system practiced in traditional China for two millennia and teased apart its underlying genetic and other, presuma...To examine the importance of kin selection in shaping human societies, this study analyzed the kinship system practiced in traditional China for two millennia and teased apart its underlying genetic and other, presumably cultural, components. The results demonstrate that, in the traditional patrilineal Chinese family, both genetic relatedness and the cultural factor of generation were important in determining kinship status for male agnates （genetically related relatives）. For female agnates, however, only genetic relatedness was important. Another surprising finding was that the influence of gender was not as important as genetic relatedness. The most interesting finding in this study, however, was that kin selection and culture （i.e., seniority in generation and age） played vastly different roles in different lineages in the Chinese family： for collateral （indirect） agnates, genetic relatedness was the most important factor in determining their kinship status, but for lineal （direct） agnates, its importance was overridden by seniority in generation and age, a cultural factor. Several other bio-cultural factors also explained a considerable amount of variance in kinship status. Since kinship profoundly affected, and was often the foundation of, the legal and social systems in dynastic China, kin selection, while its strength may differ remarkably between lineal and collateral relatives, could act as a selective force in Chinese families展开更多
Chinese Root-kin Culture Expo-Park in Guishi County of Henan Province was studied,cultural background of the project and basic conditions of the site were introduced,planning concepts and supportive projects of the ro...Chinese Root-kin Culture Expo-Park in Guishi County of Henan Province was studied,cultural background of the project and basic conditions of the site were introduced,planning concepts and supportive projects of the root-kin culture theme park elaborated.The overall structure was designed to a pattern of "one axis and five subareas":one axis indicates the major sightseeing axis represented by Zhengxiao Riverfront Landscape Belt,and five subareas indicate Returning-to-homeland Park,Worshipping Ancestors Park,Folk Customs Park,Fujian and Taiwan Park,and Pioneering Park.Design concepts and landscape nodes of all subareas were introduced in detail,and Root-kin Culture applied in the integrated design.The authors proposed that landscape display based on Root-kin Culture should focus on materialization of cultures,reproduction of scenarios and creation of cultural atmosphere.Representative symbols should be refined from native cultures to create garden landscapes fit for actual conditions of the park.展开更多
In high seismicity areas, it is important to consider kinematic effects to properly design pile foundations.Kinematic effects are due to the interaction between pile and soil deformations induced by seismic waves. One...In high seismicity areas, it is important to consider kinematic effects to properly design pile foundations.Kinematic effects are due to the interaction between pile and soil deformations induced by seismic waves. One of the effect is the arise of significant strains in weak soils that induce bending moments on piles. These moments can be significant in presence of a high stiffness contrast in a soil deposit. The single pile kinematic interaction problem is generally solved with beam on dynamic Winkler foundation approaches(BDWF) or using continuous models. In this work, a new boundary element method(BEM)based computer code(KIN SP) is presented where the kinematic analysis is preceded by a free-field response analysis. The analysis results of this method, in terms of bending moments at the pile-head and at the interface of a two-layered soil, are influenced by many factors including the soil-pile interface discretization. A parametric study is presented with the aim to suggest the minimum number of boundary elements to guarantee the accuracy of a BEM solution, for typical pile-soil relative stiffness values as a function of the pile diameter, the location of the interface of a two-layered soil and of the stiffness contrast. KIN SP results have been compared with simplified solutions in literature and with those obtained using a quasi-three-dimensional(3D) finite element code.展开更多
蔗糖非酵解-1相关蛋白激酶(Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase,SnRK)在代谢调控和胁迫信号传递中发挥重要的作用。本文以茶树SnRK3亚家族的CsCIPK12基因和SnRK1亚家族的CsKIN10基因为研究对象,通过序列比对和进化分析,发...蔗糖非酵解-1相关蛋白激酶(Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase,SnRK)在代谢调控和胁迫信号传递中发挥重要的作用。本文以茶树SnRK3亚家族的CsCIPK12基因和SnRK1亚家族的CsKIN10基因为研究对象,通过序列比对和进化分析,发现CsCIPK12和CsKIN10都具有N端激酶结构域和C端调节域;CsCIPK12具有与CBLs结合的NAF/FISL结构域,与拟南芥AtCIPK12,杨树PtCIPK17、18、19同源关系最近;而CsKIN10具有泛素相关的UBA结构域,与杨树PtSnRK1同源关系最近。通过酵母双杂交系统,证实了CsCIPK12和CsKIN10蛋白存在相互作用。表达分析发现,在自然冷驯化过程中,CsKIN10的表达模式与前期对CsCIPK12的研究结果一致,在龙井43、浙农12、大面白3个茶树品种中受低温不同程度地诱导;4℃短时低温处理发现,CsCIPK12和CsKIN10在成熟叶中受低温显著诱导(最高诱导水平分别为4倍和2.3倍),而在新梢中,二者对低温的响应并不显著;ABA、葡萄糖以及蔗糖处理发现,CsCIPK12和CsKIN10在成熟叶中受这3种处理的显著诱导。结果表明,CsCIPK12与CsKIN10蛋白相互作用,参与ABA和糖信号途径,在茶树低温胁迫响应中可能发挥重要作用。展开更多
文摘The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this paper, handicap is defined as the difficulty to survive and reproduce independently. Kin sociality is derived from the childhood handicap-care principle where the children are the handicapped children who receive the care from the kin caregivers in the inclusive kin group to survive. The caregiver gives care for its self-interest to reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of kin sociality contains the handicapped childhood and the caregiving adulthood. Eusociality is derived from the adulthood handicap-care principle where responsible adults are the handicapped adults who give care and receive care at the same time in the interdependent eusocial group to survive and reproduce its gene. Queen bees reproduce, but must receive care from worker bees that work but must rely on queen bees to reproduce. A caregiver gives care for its self-interest to survive and reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of eusociality contains the handicapped childhood-adulthood and the caregiving adulthood. The chronological sequence of the sociality evolution is individual sociality without handicap, kin sociality with handicapped childhood, and eusociality with handicapped adulthood. Eusociality in humans is derived from bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The chronological sequence of the eusocial human evolution is 1) the eusocial early hominins with bipedalism and the mixed habitat, 2) the eusocial early Homo species with bipedalism, the larger brain, and the open habitat, 3) the eusocial late Homo species with bipedalism, the largest brain, and the unstable habitat, and 4) extended eusocial Homo sapiens with bipedalism, the shrinking brain, omnipresent imagination, and the harsh habitat. The omnipresence of imagination in human culture converts eusociality into extended eusociality with both perception and omnipresent imagination.
文摘To examine the importance of kin selection in shaping human societies, this study analyzed the kinship system practiced in traditional China for two millennia and teased apart its underlying genetic and other, presumably cultural, components. The results demonstrate that, in the traditional patrilineal Chinese family, both genetic relatedness and the cultural factor of generation were important in determining kinship status for male agnates （genetically related relatives）. For female agnates, however, only genetic relatedness was important. Another surprising finding was that the influence of gender was not as important as genetic relatedness. The most interesting finding in this study, however, was that kin selection and culture （i.e., seniority in generation and age） played vastly different roles in different lineages in the Chinese family： for collateral （indirect） agnates, genetic relatedness was the most important factor in determining their kinship status, but for lineal （direct） agnates, its importance was overridden by seniority in generation and age, a cultural factor. Several other bio-cultural factors also explained a considerable amount of variance in kinship status. Since kinship profoundly affected, and was often the foundation of, the legal and social systems in dynastic China, kin selection, while its strength may differ remarkably between lineal and collateral relatives, could act as a selective force in Chinese families
基金Supported by Municipal Administration and Financial Support Program of Gushi County~~
文摘Chinese Root-kin Culture Expo-Park in Guishi County of Henan Province was studied,cultural background of the project and basic conditions of the site were introduced,planning concepts and supportive projects of the root-kin culture theme park elaborated.The overall structure was designed to a pattern of "one axis and five subareas":one axis indicates the major sightseeing axis represented by Zhengxiao Riverfront Landscape Belt,and five subareas indicate Returning-to-homeland Park,Worshipping Ancestors Park,Folk Customs Park,Fujian and Taiwan Park,and Pioneering Park.Design concepts and landscape nodes of all subareas were introduced in detail,and Root-kin Culture applied in the integrated design.The authors proposed that landscape display based on Root-kin Culture should focus on materialization of cultures,reproduction of scenarios and creation of cultural atmosphere.Representative symbols should be refined from native cultures to create garden landscapes fit for actual conditions of the park.
文摘In high seismicity areas, it is important to consider kinematic effects to properly design pile foundations.Kinematic effects are due to the interaction between pile and soil deformations induced by seismic waves. One of the effect is the arise of significant strains in weak soils that induce bending moments on piles. These moments can be significant in presence of a high stiffness contrast in a soil deposit. The single pile kinematic interaction problem is generally solved with beam on dynamic Winkler foundation approaches(BDWF) or using continuous models. In this work, a new boundary element method(BEM)based computer code(KIN SP) is presented where the kinematic analysis is preceded by a free-field response analysis. The analysis results of this method, in terms of bending moments at the pile-head and at the interface of a two-layered soil, are influenced by many factors including the soil-pile interface discretization. A parametric study is presented with the aim to suggest the minimum number of boundary elements to guarantee the accuracy of a BEM solution, for typical pile-soil relative stiffness values as a function of the pile diameter, the location of the interface of a two-layered soil and of the stiffness contrast. KIN SP results have been compared with simplified solutions in literature and with those obtained using a quasi-three-dimensional(3D) finite element code.
文摘蔗糖非酵解-1相关蛋白激酶(Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase,SnRK)在代谢调控和胁迫信号传递中发挥重要的作用。本文以茶树SnRK3亚家族的CsCIPK12基因和SnRK1亚家族的CsKIN10基因为研究对象,通过序列比对和进化分析,发现CsCIPK12和CsKIN10都具有N端激酶结构域和C端调节域;CsCIPK12具有与CBLs结合的NAF/FISL结构域,与拟南芥AtCIPK12,杨树PtCIPK17、18、19同源关系最近;而CsKIN10具有泛素相关的UBA结构域,与杨树PtSnRK1同源关系最近。通过酵母双杂交系统,证实了CsCIPK12和CsKIN10蛋白存在相互作用。表达分析发现,在自然冷驯化过程中,CsKIN10的表达模式与前期对CsCIPK12的研究结果一致,在龙井43、浙农12、大面白3个茶树品种中受低温不同程度地诱导;4℃短时低温处理发现,CsCIPK12和CsKIN10在成熟叶中受低温显著诱导(最高诱导水平分别为4倍和2.3倍),而在新梢中,二者对低温的响应并不显著;ABA、葡萄糖以及蔗糖处理发现,CsCIPK12和CsKIN10在成熟叶中受这3种处理的显著诱导。结果表明,CsCIPK12与CsKIN10蛋白相互作用,参与ABA和糖信号途径,在茶树低温胁迫响应中可能发挥重要作用。
