Unlocking quality in endoscopic mucosal resection

A review of the development of the key performance metrics of endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR),learning from the experience of the establishment of widespread colonoscopy quality measurements.Potential future performance markers for both colonoscopy and EMR are also evaluated to ensure continued high quality performance is maintained with a focus service framework and predictors of patient outcome.

用户体验质量评估模型及KQI权重计算方法

根据影响用户体验质量(QoE)的技术因素和非技术因素,建立QoE评估模型,以较好地呈现用户主观感受和网络因素。利用该模型提出一种关键质量指标(KQI)权重计算方法,应用模糊层次分析法计算KQI指标初始权重值,并通过影响QoE的非技术因素动态改变KQI指标的权重,使静态QoE评估过程动态化、实时化。仿真实验结果表明,该方法能保证最先假定的技术因素和非技术因素对QoE的影响程度各占50%,较为直观和真实地反映用户感受。

移动互联网KQI评测方法及系统实现

移动互联网用户业务感知质量情况是运营商越来越关心的问题,通过构建移动互联网业务质量感知KQI评测方法和系统,可加强运营商对移动互联网用户业务质量的掌握,促进运营商有针对性的提升用户移动互联网业务感知水平。对移动互联网业务感知KQI进行分析选取,提出了基于统计分析的评测算法,并给出评测方法的系统实现和现网部署。

Evaluation of Farmland Drainage Water Quality by Fuzzy–Gray Combination Method

The complex relationships between indicators and water conditions cause fuzzy and gray uncertainties in evaluation of water quality. Compared to conventional single-factor evaluation methods, the combination evaluation method can consider these two uncertainties to produce more objective and reasonable evaluation results. In this paper, we propose a combination evaluation method with two main parts:(1) the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and gray correlation analysis as submodels with which to consider the fuzzy and gray uncertainties and(2) the establishment of a combination model based on minimum bias squares. In addition, using this method, we evaluate the water quality of a ditch in a typical rice–wheat system of Yixing city in the Taihu Lake Basin during three rainfall events. The results show that the ditch water quality is not good and we found the chemical oxygen demand to be the key indicator that affects water quality most significantly. The proposed combination evaluation method is more accurate and practical than single-factor evaluation methods in that it considers the uncertainties of fuzziness and grayness.

基于特征加权ML-kNN的网页浏览业务KQI预测

传统以网络为中心的移动网络运维往往是在接到用户投诉时才采取相应补救措施,随着移动互联网(OTT)业务的高速发展,这一问题愈发突出。如何在监测用户业务感知的基础上对用户业务质量进行预测预警并及时干预,是提高移动业务保障能力和网络运维智能化水平的重要手段。本文利用从普通用户终端上采集的海量业务感知数据,重点针对网页浏览业务,研究了ML-ReliefF算法在业务感知采样数据降维中的应用。在此基础上,将特征选择结果与多标记k近邻(kNN)算法相结合,提出了基于特征加权的多标记k近邻算法应用于业务关键质量指标(KQI)预测。实验结果表明,该方法可有效提高KQI预测质量。

New Framework for Evaluating Ecosystem Quality in Nature Reserves based on Ideal References and Key Indicators

With increasing numbers and types of nature reserves(NRs),objective evaluation and comparison of the effects of different nature NRs on conservation efforts are of great importance for protecting species diversity,ensuring reasonable national economic input,and adjusting government management schemes.Developing a method for the combined assessment of flagship or umbrella species and ecosystem quality will improve the evaluation of NRs.However,it is also important to establish a new framework for rapid evaluation of ecosystem quality,supported by the advantages of scientific,economic,and regular principles.Here,we proposed a new framework that incorporates the novel concept of ideal references into evaluation systems,which will facilitate the comparison of results from different periods and regions.Furthermore,from the perspective of making the framework as objective,rapid,and economical as possible,we recommended some key ecological indicators,such as net primary productivity,soil organic matter,plant diversity,for use in the new evaluation framework.The new framework,referred to as“ideal reference and key indicators”(IRKI),can sufficiently meet the requirements for the rapid evaluation of ecosystem quality both regionally and nationally.Furthermore,IRKI can identify the restoration potential and restoration periods of NRs,thus facilitating the rational distribution of resources and enhancing the protective effect.There are many types of NRs in China,and it is necessary to partially alter the assessment methods or parameters for different types of NRs.Overall,IRKI provides a simple,clear,and comparable framework that will strongly enhance the conservation of protected areas(PAs)and facilitate the standardization of management practices.

基于策略的业务质量评价方法

业务质量评价是业务等级协定管理中的重要内容。为了解决现有业务质量评价方法存在的问题和满足新的业务质量评价需求,研究了通用的业务质量指标集合并提出了基于策略的业务质量评价方法,描述了业务质量评价过程并分析了该方法的特点。原型系统的实现验证了该方法能够实现实时、细粒度、动态、自动化、可扩展和定量的业务质量评价。

MMS业务的QoE定义与测量

用户体验质量已成为移动通信中的一个热门话题,为了有效地测量多媒体短信业务(MMS)的用户体验质量,分析了QoE的定义以及它与传统QoS的区别,介绍了QoE的KQI和KPI之间的相互关系并建立起QoE的映射模型;然后,结合MMS业务的实现流程以及所涉及的网元设备详细定义了MMS业务中的KQIs与KPIs,最后,针对MMS业务提出了一种基于统计样本的QoE测量方案,通过测量明确KPIs与QoE之间的关系以及影响用户体验质量的因素,这对于提高用户的体验质量有重要意义。

基于三角模糊数层次分析法的彩铃业务服务质量评价

针对彩铃业务的特点,提出了衡量其服务质量的关键质量指标(KQI)和关键性能指标(KPI),构成了多层次评价模型。给出了应用三角模糊数层次分析法对评价模型进行分析和计算的步骤,以某省的彩铃业务为例,说明了该方法的应用过程。

Soil profile characteristics of high-productivity alluvial cambisols in the North China Plain

The North China Plain（NCP） is one of major breadbaskets in China. Crop growth and grain yield differ significantly with spatial variations of soil properties. This study aims to identify the key soil properties in relation to the grain yield for the winter wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）-maize（Zea mays L.） cropping system in a high-productivity farmland of the NCP. The field trials were conducted in three fields with different grain yield levels in Tai＇an City, Shandong Province, China, during the 2009–2012 period. Consistent field management strategies were applied in the three fields. Fifty-one physical and chemical indicators of the soil profile as related to grain yield were evaluated. An approximate maximum of 17.8% annual average grain yield difference was observed in the fields during the period of 2009–2012. The soil indicators were classified into three clusters with specific functions using cluster analysis, and three key indicators were extracted from each cluster to characterize the different soil properties of three fields. The first cluster represented soil water retention capacity, and the key indicator was available soil water（ASW）, which ranged from 153 to 187 mm in the 1.2 m profile and was correlated positively with grain yield. The second cluster represented soil water conductivity, as measured by saturated hydraulic conductivity（K s）. The higher yield field had a greater capacity to retain topsoil water for its lower K s（1.9 cm d^–1） in the 30–70 cm soil layer as compared to the lower yield field. The third cluster represented nutrient storage and supply, as indicated by the ratio of nutrient content to silt＋clay content of the top soil layer. The ratio of soil organic matter（OM）, total nitrogen（TN）, available P, exchangeable K＋ to silt＋clay content in the 0–20 cm soil layer were 19.0 g kg^–1, 1.6 g kg^–1, 94.7 mg kg^–1, 174.3 mg kg^–1 in the higher yield field, respectively, and correlated positively with the grain yield. By characterizing the differences in soil properties among fields with different yield levels, this study offers the scientific basis for increasing grain yield potential by improving the soil conditions in the NCP.

The Role of an Independent Netherlands Laboratory in the Trade and Industry of Edible Oils and Fats

The task of an independent laboratory within the trade of edible oils and fats is to determine the quality of shipped goods. Samples of the cargo are taken upon loading and discharge of a vessel and tested for the contractual quality specifications. The testing is performed according to contractual agreed methods of analyses. The laboratory should be recognised by the trade organisations and be tested every year on its performance. Also there is an increasing demand for analyses on contaminants, e.g. pesticide residues. This is enforced by national and international legislation. Therefore, the laboratory should be equipped with the newest analytical instruments in order to detect the requested low levels of contaminants and should keep up with the latest methods of analyses. A brief introduction of the independent laboratory in the Netherlands, the main analytical indexes agreed in the contract in the oil and fat trade, the important quality parameters, the key pollutants (including pesticide residues, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mineral oil, phthalate, dioxin,monochloropropane, etc.) are summarized in this paper, in order to make readers understand the quality control and technical progress of the goods in the oil and fat trade by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the European Union (EU), provide some references for facilitating technology exchange.

Soil Quality in Relation to Agricultural Production in the North China Plain

Sustainable agricultural production is of vital importance to food supply security. This study aimed to investigate crop yield response to spatial variability of soil quality at a county scale in the North China Plain （NCP） and subsequently derive key soil quality indicators. Soil samples were geo-referenced and taken in 2008 from both surface （0-20 cm） and subsurface （20-40 cm） layers in 132 fields throughout the Fengqiu County, located in the centre of the NCP, for subsequent soil properties＇ analyses. Annum crop yields were obtained from the same fields where soil samples were collected. Soil quality was evaluated based on a fuzzy set with 13 soil properties, and its spatial distributions were investigated by integrating geostatistical analysis and geographic information system （GIS） techniques. Soil quality indices were classified into five grades, and their spatial distributions were mapped within the county. The surface soil qualities were about one to two grades higher than the subsurface soil. The quality indices for surface and subsurface soils were positively associated with the annual crop yields, suggesting the importance of both. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available P, and available K contributed 50% of the combined weight to the soil quality index and were identified as key indicators of soil quality status in the area in terms of sustainability.

Quantitative and qualitative research on service quality evaluation system in NGN

With the development of next generation network （NGN）, reasonable service quality evaluation is essential in network management. Based on NGN service characteristics, this article presents a comprehensive service quality evaluation system from two perspectives： quantitative and qualitative. From the quantitative point of view, this article brings forward the normalized service level achievement function （NSLA function） at technical layer. Also, with mean opinion score （MOS） mode, it proposes customer satisfaction assessment methods at customer perception layer. From the qualitative perspective, a hierarchical model is established, which forms mapping relations from the upper customer perception to the lower service quality parameters, and then the influence of different service parameters on customer satisfaction degree can b＇e denoted by the fuzzy analysis hierarchy process （FAHP） algorithm. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations together form a comprehensive solution which is universal, customer-oriented and flexible. Demonstrated by the representative voice service, the proposed system is proved reliable and applicable to service evaluation in NGN.

基于UE的数据业务优化模型及应用

数据增值业务优化模型是以业务评测为手段,以用户体验为出发点,利用数据增值产品关键质量指标(KQI,Key Quality Indicators)和其闭环评估方法以及层次分析法(AHP,Analytic HierarchyProcess)发现业务在产品、功能、网络以及其他业务支撑体系及业务管理存在的问题,从而相应开展业务优化。通过该模型的建立和实践表明此业务优化模型可实现有效分工,将业务产品逐层拆解,通过质量因素排查,帮助找到业务质量瓶颈,保障业务和评估体系的不断优化。

基于用户体验质量的校园无线网络运行评价

通过对无线用户从开始关联、认证、访问网络和下线的上网流程进行全程分析,确定影响用户体验质量(QoE)的一些关键质量指标(KQI).经过进一步筛选,最终选取了6个KQI指标来评价用户体验质量,并给出了KQI的计算公式.通过对无线网管数据进行多维度分析,将KQI进行归一化,拟合出用户体验评价指数,对现有无线网络做出客观评价,量化校园无线网络用户体验,为无线网络调优和改扩建提供重要的依据.