Study of the groundwater table development and runoff generation is one of the most important parts of hydrology to develop a clear concept, especially in hill slope. The study is more complex in the real field rather...Study of the groundwater table development and runoff generation is one of the most important parts of hydrology to develop a clear concept, especially in hill slope. The study is more complex in the real field rather than in the artificial system. The result in artificial systems developed and experimental observations may give good results. So, therefore, this study is aimed at modeling in the laboratory as artificial hill slope flows which include saturation excess surface runoff flows. The physical processes along with runoff generation depend on the factors—soil type, characteristic slope geometry, and initial soil conditions at the commencement of rainfall. The mechanisms involved in runoff formation process have been simulated successfully to compute hydrograph for hilly terrain and groundwater table development in highly permeable soil tested by kinematic storage model theory. The model represents the hill slope as a rectangular storage element of length 2.02 m, depth 0.15 m and width 1m With an impermeable bed making an angle of 10 degrees with the horizontal. The storage element is composed of two moisture zones: an unsaturated zone and a saturated zone. The result obtained is seemed good adjustment to the theory of hill slope model given by Nm Shakya, 1995. Aslo, the moisture profile variation in mixed sand profile was found immediately after the rainfall event. The result obtained shows that the timing and distribution of moisture over the depth where the maximum moisture content is 0.4 in mid of the depth which is more than in surface having a moisture level of 0.37.展开更多
冀东油田南堡3号构造储量大、埋藏深,该地区部署的深井、超深井存在井温高、位移大的特点。通过实验优选出了氯化钾抗高温钻井液体系(BH-KSM)。该钻井液抗温达200℃;具备优良的抑制封堵性和抗CO2污染能力,解决了南堡3号构造深井存在的...冀东油田南堡3号构造储量大、埋藏深,该地区部署的深井、超深井存在井温高、位移大的特点。通过实验优选出了氯化钾抗高温钻井液体系(BH-KSM)。该钻井液抗温达200℃;具备优良的抑制封堵性和抗CO2污染能力,解决了南堡3号构造深井存在的井壁失稳、高温蠕变、地层流体污染等技术难题,形成了适合该构造深井的配套钻井液技术。现场应用的10口井东营组易垮塌地层井眼扩大率均小于7%,最小的仅为3.98%;现场钻井液流变性能稳定,高温高压滤失量小于12 m L;包被抑制能力强,返出岩屑完整不分散;携砂、携岩能力强,解决了三开大井眼、裸眼段长的井眼净化问题,提高了机械钻速。展开更多
文摘Study of the groundwater table development and runoff generation is one of the most important parts of hydrology to develop a clear concept, especially in hill slope. The study is more complex in the real field rather than in the artificial system. The result in artificial systems developed and experimental observations may give good results. So, therefore, this study is aimed at modeling in the laboratory as artificial hill slope flows which include saturation excess surface runoff flows. The physical processes along with runoff generation depend on the factors—soil type, characteristic slope geometry, and initial soil conditions at the commencement of rainfall. The mechanisms involved in runoff formation process have been simulated successfully to compute hydrograph for hilly terrain and groundwater table development in highly permeable soil tested by kinematic storage model theory. The model represents the hill slope as a rectangular storage element of length 2.02 m, depth 0.15 m and width 1m With an impermeable bed making an angle of 10 degrees with the horizontal. The storage element is composed of two moisture zones: an unsaturated zone and a saturated zone. The result obtained is seemed good adjustment to the theory of hill slope model given by Nm Shakya, 1995. Aslo, the moisture profile variation in mixed sand profile was found immediately after the rainfall event. The result obtained shows that the timing and distribution of moisture over the depth where the maximum moisture content is 0.4 in mid of the depth which is more than in surface having a moisture level of 0.37.
文摘冀东油田南堡3号构造储量大、埋藏深,该地区部署的深井、超深井存在井温高、位移大的特点。通过实验优选出了氯化钾抗高温钻井液体系(BH-KSM)。该钻井液抗温达200℃;具备优良的抑制封堵性和抗CO2污染能力,解决了南堡3号构造深井存在的井壁失稳、高温蠕变、地层流体污染等技术难题,形成了适合该构造深井的配套钻井液技术。现场应用的10口井东营组易垮塌地层井眼扩大率均小于7%,最小的仅为3.98%;现场钻井液流变性能稳定,高温高压滤失量小于12 m L;包被抑制能力强,返出岩屑完整不分散;携砂、携岩能力强,解决了三开大井眼、裸眼段长的井眼净化问题,提高了机械钻速。
