The Chern-Simons theory in two-space one-time dimensions is quantized on the light-front under appropriate gauge-fixing conditions using the Hamiltonian, path integral and BRST formulations.
In this study,we numerically investigate the influence of hysteretic stress path behavior on the seal integrity during underground gas storage operations in a depleted reservoir.Our study area is the Honor Rancho Unde...In this study,we numerically investigate the influence of hysteretic stress path behavior on the seal integrity during underground gas storage operations in a depleted reservoir.Our study area is the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility in Los Angeles County(California,USA),which was converted into an underground gas storage facility in 1975 after 20 years of oil and gas production.In our simulations,the geomechanical behavior of the sand reservoir is modeled using two models:(1)a linear elastic model(non-hysteretic stress path)that does not take into consideration irreversible deformation,and(2)a plastic cap mechanical model which considers changes in rock elastic properties due to irreversible deformations caused by plastic reservoir compaction(hysteretic stress path).It shows that the irreversible compaction of the geological layer over geologic time and during the reservoir depletion can have important consequences on stress tensor orientation and magnitude.Ignoring depletion-induced irreversible compaction can lead to an over-estimation of the calculation of the maximum working reservoir pressure.Moreover,this irreversible compaction may bring the nearby faults closer to reactivation.However,regardless of the two models applied,the geomechanical analysis shows that for the estimated stress conditions applied in this study,the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility is being safely operated at pressures much below what would be required to compromise the seal integrity.展开更多
A effective approximate scheme which is combined by cluster with the discrelized path-integral representation (DPIR) is used in the study on the random-bond Ising model in a transverse field (RTIM). The critical therm...A effective approximate scheme which is combined by cluster with the discrelized path-integral representation (DPIR) is used in the study on the random-bond Ising model in a transverse field (RTIM). The critical thermodynamical properties, such as the critical temperature, the critical transverse field, the average magnetization ,the susceptibility and the special heat atc.. are calculated, And some results have been improved.展开更多
为了确定通用性园艺作物发育期和采收期模拟模型的最优模拟路径,该研究获取了9 a 58茬分期播种试验观测数据,分别以黄瓜(‘津优35’和‘津盛206’)、番茄(‘瑞粉882’和‘普罗旺斯’)、芹菜(‘尤文图斯’)、菠菜(‘大叶’)、香芹(‘四季...为了确定通用性园艺作物发育期和采收期模拟模型的最优模拟路径,该研究获取了9 a 58茬分期播种试验观测数据,分别以黄瓜(‘津优35’和‘津盛206’)、番茄(‘瑞粉882’和‘普罗旺斯’)、芹菜(‘尤文图斯’)、菠菜(‘大叶’)、香芹(‘四季’)、郁金香(‘粉色印象’、‘白日梦’、‘艾斯米’和‘夜皇后’)、茶叶(‘龙井’)为供试材料,依据作物生长发育与关键气象因子(辐射和温度)的关系,基于4类建模方法(温差法、积温法、生理发育时间法和辐热积法)构建了园艺作物发育期和采收期模拟模型,确定了模型关键参数,并以4种方式(平均值、最值均值、中值和逐步回归)集成模拟结果,最终确定模型最优模拟路径。结果表明:1)不同时间尺度发育期和采收期模拟模型的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为4.85~17.01 d,归一化均方根误差(normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)为10.65%~16.31%;不同作物发育期和采收期模拟模型的RMSE为0.50~17.08 d,NRMSE为4.33%~20.24%,郁金香发育期模拟模型最优,黄瓜采收期模拟模型最优;不同模拟方法发育期和采收期模拟模型的RMSE为0.08~24.37 d,NRMSE为0.18%~54.81%。2)通过比较不同模拟方法的模拟精度,得出逐时优于逐日时间尺度,集成方法优于单一方法模拟,正弦优于线性温度响应模式,叶温优于气温温度形式,温度响应模拟需要考虑下限和上限温度。3)最优模拟路径为先选择逐时尺度、考虑生物学下限和上限温度的正弦温度响应模式和叶温温度形式构建模型,再选择集成法优化发育期(中值集成)和采收期(逐步回归集成)模型。研究结果为指导园艺作物智慧生产管理和高效利用农业资源方面提供理论基础和技术支撑。展开更多
文摘The Chern-Simons theory in two-space one-time dimensions is quantized on the light-front under appropriate gauge-fixing conditions using the Hamiltonian, path integral and BRST formulations.
基金conducted with funding provided by the California Energy Commission under the contract PIR-16-027 for Research on Risk Management Framework for Underground Natural Gas infrastructure in California。
文摘In this study,we numerically investigate the influence of hysteretic stress path behavior on the seal integrity during underground gas storage operations in a depleted reservoir.Our study area is the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility in Los Angeles County(California,USA),which was converted into an underground gas storage facility in 1975 after 20 years of oil and gas production.In our simulations,the geomechanical behavior of the sand reservoir is modeled using two models:(1)a linear elastic model(non-hysteretic stress path)that does not take into consideration irreversible deformation,and(2)a plastic cap mechanical model which considers changes in rock elastic properties due to irreversible deformations caused by plastic reservoir compaction(hysteretic stress path).It shows that the irreversible compaction of the geological layer over geologic time and during the reservoir depletion can have important consequences on stress tensor orientation and magnitude.Ignoring depletion-induced irreversible compaction can lead to an over-estimation of the calculation of the maximum working reservoir pressure.Moreover,this irreversible compaction may bring the nearby faults closer to reactivation.However,regardless of the two models applied,the geomechanical analysis shows that for the estimated stress conditions applied in this study,the Honor Rancho Underground Storage Facility is being safely operated at pressures much below what would be required to compromise the seal integrity.
文摘A effective approximate scheme which is combined by cluster with the discrelized path-integral representation (DPIR) is used in the study on the random-bond Ising model in a transverse field (RTIM). The critical thermodynamical properties, such as the critical temperature, the critical transverse field, the average magnetization ,the susceptibility and the special heat atc.. are calculated, And some results have been improved.
文摘为了确定通用性园艺作物发育期和采收期模拟模型的最优模拟路径,该研究获取了9 a 58茬分期播种试验观测数据,分别以黄瓜(‘津优35’和‘津盛206’)、番茄(‘瑞粉882’和‘普罗旺斯’)、芹菜(‘尤文图斯’)、菠菜(‘大叶’)、香芹(‘四季’)、郁金香(‘粉色印象’、‘白日梦’、‘艾斯米’和‘夜皇后’)、茶叶(‘龙井’)为供试材料,依据作物生长发育与关键气象因子(辐射和温度)的关系,基于4类建模方法(温差法、积温法、生理发育时间法和辐热积法)构建了园艺作物发育期和采收期模拟模型,确定了模型关键参数,并以4种方式(平均值、最值均值、中值和逐步回归)集成模拟结果,最终确定模型最优模拟路径。结果表明:1)不同时间尺度发育期和采收期模拟模型的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为4.85~17.01 d,归一化均方根误差(normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)为10.65%~16.31%;不同作物发育期和采收期模拟模型的RMSE为0.50~17.08 d,NRMSE为4.33%~20.24%,郁金香发育期模拟模型最优,黄瓜采收期模拟模型最优;不同模拟方法发育期和采收期模拟模型的RMSE为0.08~24.37 d,NRMSE为0.18%~54.81%。2)通过比较不同模拟方法的模拟精度,得出逐时优于逐日时间尺度,集成方法优于单一方法模拟,正弦优于线性温度响应模式,叶温优于气温温度形式,温度响应模拟需要考虑下限和上限温度。3)最优模拟路径为先选择逐时尺度、考虑生物学下限和上限温度的正弦温度响应模式和叶温温度形式构建模型,再选择集成法优化发育期(中值集成)和采收期(逐步回归集成)模型。研究结果为指导园艺作物智慧生产管理和高效利用农业资源方面提供理论基础和技术支撑。
