The distribution and ecological risks of antibiotics in surface water in key cities along the lower reaches of the Yellow River:A case study of Kaifeng City,China

A large number of antibiotics have been discharged into rivers by human activities,posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems.The surface water of the Yellow River Basin also suffers antibiotic pollution,which hinders the improvement in the aquatic ecological environment.This study investigated and analyzed the characteristics and assessed the ecological risks of antibiotic pollution in surface water bodies such as canals,rivers and fish ponds in Kaifeng,Henan Province,which is a key city along the lower reaches of the Yellow River.The test results are as follows.A total of 15 types of antibiotics were detected in the surface water.They had a total antibiotic concentration of 12.2-249.9μg/L,of which tetracyclines(TCs)and quinolones accounted for the highest percentages.Six types of quinolones had detection rates of up to 100%,and doxycycline(DC)and oxytetracycline(OTC)had average concentrations of 29.52μg/L1 and 13.71μg/L,respectively.The major canals with water diverted from the Yellow River had total concentrations of quinolones and TCs of 22.0μg/L and 14.9μg/L,respectively,which were higher than those in previous studies.This phenomenon may be related to the decrease in the water flow of the Yellow River during the dry season and the increase in the antibiotic consumption of residents in the context of the Covid-19 outbreak.The upper reaches of the Huiji River in the Xiangfu District had higher antibiotic content than other districts in Kaifeng.Specifically,TCs accounted for 72.38%-91.84%of all antibiotics,and the DC and OTC concentrations were significantly higher than other antibiotics in the upper reaches.As indicated by the ecological risk assessment results,TCs had the highest ecological risks to green algae.Among them,DC had medium-high risks;TC,OTC,and chlortetracycline(CTC)had medium-high risks;trimethoprim(TMP)and lomefloxacin(LOM)had low risks;other TC antibiotics had no risk.Compared with green algae,most antibiotics showed higher ecological risks to daphnia and lower ecological risks to fish.DC and OTC dominate antibiotic pollutants in the surface water in Kaifeng City,and especially in Xiangfu District,where DC and OTC have medium-high risks.The TCs in the major Yellow River showed medium risks to both green algae and daphnia.It can be speculated that the antibiotic pollution in the Yellow River might pose a certain threat to the ecological security of water in Kaifeng City.

Spatial Patterns and Driving Factors of Urban Residential Embedded Carbon Emissions: An Empirical Study in Kaifeng, China

With the continuous improvement in living standards and great changes in lifestyles, more attention is being paid to the embedded carbon emissions produced by human consumption. With large sample data and high-resolution remote sensing images, we explored the spatial differentiation and influencing factors of household embedded carbon emissions within the city fine scale using the EIO-LCA model, spatial autocorrelation analysis and standard deviation ellipse, quantile regression, etc. The results indicate that the spatial dependence is more obvious than the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity;the high-value area of household embedded carbon emissions gathers in new development zones in cities that are expanding rapidly, mainly with residents in large number of newly-built commercial housing families and the relative’s courtyard of institutions. The factors of family characteristics, housing characteristics, lifestyles, and consumption concept have significant effects on the embedded carbon emissions of each person. The influencing intensity of most factors showed an increasing trend with increased carbon emissions. The study verified the impact of urban sprawl on residential carbon emissions and the applicability of the situated lifestyles theory in the construction of urban low-carbon communities in China.

Comprehensive suitability evaluation of urban geological environment in Zhengzhou-Kaifeng area

Suitability evaluation of urban geological environment is an important basic work in city planning and construction. With Zhengzhou-Kaifeng area as the research area, this paper discusses AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods to classify impact factors at different levels, makes a mixing evaluation of the basic factors and comprehensive factors so as to correct the uncertainty of the weight of the basic factors in the initial evaluation and establish the corresponding evaluation index system, and carries out urban geological environment suitability evaluation in study area. Furthermore, this paper partitions the suitability of the research area according to evaluation results into five zones. It puts forward opinions and suggestions for the construction of research area, which have certain practical significances.

Evaluation of and Control Schemes for Current Eutrophication of Land-scape Lakes in Kaifeng City,Henan Province

[Objective] Current eutrophication of landscape lakes in Kaifeng City was evaluated to provide scientific support for the prevention and control of landscape water eutrophication.[Method] The comprehensive trophic level index (TLI) and the modified Carlson's trophic state index (TSIM) were applied. [Result] TLI of water in Longting Lake and Baogong Lake was obtained as 73.84 and 70.23,TSIM was 66.51 and 65.23,respectively.[Conclusion] Water in both lakes was suffering from serious eutrophication,and urgent measures should be taken to control the eutrophication.

Temporal Dynamics of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and Its Influence to Summer Maize Yield from Kaifeng Region in He’nan Province

Many quantitative studies get more and more attention on drought occurrence and monitoring trends of drought change using different methods;however few studies involve correlation between drought and crop yield especially drought index. This study analyzed the climate change about annual mean SPEI-3, SPEI-6 and SPEI-12, of Kaifeng region in the period of 1961-2013. The SPEI-3 and SPEI-6 seasonal short timescales showed a decreasing tendency, especially rapidly a decline since 2004, and high-frequency alternate dry/wet periods occurred during 1961-2013. However, the annual timescale SPEI-12 showed almost no evidently rise/decline tendency but severity events of dry/wet episode aggravated in terms of duration and magnitude and remarkable low-frequency change. Correlation analysis results between maize yield from Kaifeng region and multi-month scale annual SPEI showed a high negative significant correlation with -0.689 (ρ ρ < 0.001) in June SPEI-3. Further analysis between maize yield and temperature, precipitation and light during June-September found that precipitation in June and August was the main limiting factor to maize yield and their correlation values were well below the correlation of SPEI-3 of June. Finally, the reconstruction equation found that there was a better change consistency between the maize yield reconstruction and actual production but more error in extremely high and low annual yield. This study provides a reliable analysis of climate change to corn yield and basic data support for services of grain production and food security in the future.

Evaluation and Obstacle Diagnosis of Low-carbon Intensive Land Use in Kaifeng City

Low carbon intensive use of urban land is an important trend to achieve regional high quality development.In this study,with Kaifeng municipal district as an example,the catastrophe progression model was used to estimate and analyze the low-carbon intensive use level of urban land in Kaifeng City from 2011 to 2020,and the obstacle factors in the process of low-carbon intensive land use in Kaifeng City were revealed by using the obstacle degree model.The results showed that during the study period,the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City showed a slow,fluctuating and declining trend,and the overall situation was in a generally intensive state.The land input level and land output level were on the rise,while the low-carbon level of land and the degree of land use were on the decline.Currently,the main obstacle factors restricting the low-carbon intensive use of land in Kaifeng City were the carbon structure coefficient of land use,energy consumption per square kilometer,carbon emissions per square kilometer,carbon emissions per capita,and non-agricultural land use efficiency.In the future,it is necessary to further improve the land use structure and promote the high-quality development of Kaifeng City.

Kaifeng—Ancient Capital of Nine Dynasties

Kaifeng, a renowned historical and cultural city, is one of the six ancient capitals in China. Chenliu town in Kaifeng was made the capital of the Xia Dynasty some 2,700 years ago when slavery was first practiced in the country. Kaifeng was at first named Daliang. During the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 B.C.), it was renamed Qifeng by Duke Zhuang of the State of

Kaifeng Leather Shoes Plant

Kaifeng Leather Shoes Plant used to be No. 1 shoe manufacturer in Henan leather shoe industry. Over the years, the plant has produced various leather shoes, including shoes for special purposes and shoes for export to many countries and regions like Europe and US. Its "Goat" product series, the hot seller on the market, was rated as quality product by the Ministry of Light Industry, and Henan Light Industry Administration.

Content and densities of soil organic carbon in urban soil in different function districts of Kaifeng

城市的土壤，与城市的发展一起形成，有土壤的唯一的性质器官的碳。根据地调查和实验室分析，玷污 Kaifeng 的器官的碳(SOC ) 城市被学习，并且结果证明 SOC 的特征在在城市的区域的功能区域之中是不同的不仅，而且在城市的区域和郊区之间。在表层土的 SOC 的顺序是工业区域 > 娱乐区域 > 交通区域 > 文化 / 教育的区域 > 居住 / 行政的区域。土壤的密度在表层土和侧面的器官的碳(SOCD ) 跟随了娱乐区域的订单 > 工业区域 > 交通区域 > 文化 / 教育的区域 > 居住 / 行政的区域，和文化 / 教育的区域 s > 交通区域 > 工业区域 > 娱乐区域 > 行政 / 居住的区域分别地。在表层土和侧面的 SOCD 从城市的区域沿着横断线减少了到郊区，城市的区域有 2.53 褶层在表层土和 1.56 褶层的更多的 SOCD 在侧面的更多的 SOCD 比郊区分别地。SOC 与深度减少了并且主要在 030 厘米的范围以内被散布。在城市的区域的 SOC 的变化在郊区是比那更复杂的。

Dynamics of Wetland Landscape Pattern in Kaifeng City from 1987 to 2002

It is very significant for urban development and urban wetland protection and utilization to probe into the process and reasons of urban wetland landscape dynamics. Taking the information of remote sensing and detailed land survey data as the basic information sources, with the help of RS and GIS, according to the principles and methods of landscape ecology, this paper analyzed wetland landscape pattern dynamics and its reasons in Kaifeng City, Henan Prov-ince of China, from 1987 to 2002. The results show that the total wetland area in Kaifeng City firstly reduced by 20.1% from 1987 to 1990 and then increased from 1990 to 2002, with an average annual growth rate of 3.3%. At the same time, landscape fragment degree and landscape dominance degree increased, respectively from 0.64 to 0.72 and from 0.3754 to 0.5563, but mean patch area, maximum patch area, patch fractal dimension reduced. As far as single landscape element concerned, from 1987 to 2002, patch area, patch number, patch density, patch shape and patch location changed in varying degrees in all wetland types in Kaifeng City, among which rice field changed most and others relatively less. In the recent 20 years, rice fields, lake wetlands, puddles and ponds had a higher stability, but river and bottomland wetlands were mostly transformed to land use types. The change of wetland landscape pattern was the result of the combined action of the Huanghe (Yellow) River, urban expansion, wide cultivation of rice, and rapid development of fishery. Among them human activities were the main driving factors for wetland landscape changes.

Landscape pattern dynamics of water body in Kaifeng city in the 20th century

Landscape spatial pattern mainly refers to the distribution of patches, which are different in size and shape in space owing to the interaction of various ecological activities. In landscape ecology study, landscape pattern has been one of the key study areas. Water body landscape plays an important role in the development history of a city, but at present city water body landscape in many cities has been destroyed, hence protecting water body in the city is becoming more and more important. In order to protect city water body landscape reasonably, the precondition is to probe the dynamics of water body landscape. Based on historical data and remote sensing data, six indexes including patch number, patch area, landscape dominance index, fractal dimension, patch density and connectivity index etc. were used to analyze landscape pattern dynamics of water body in Kaifeng city since the end of the Qing Dynasty (in the 20th century). The results showed: (1) Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, landscape area of water body in Kaifeng city increased first and then decreased from 1898 to 2002AD; the landscape dominant degree had the same changing tendency with the area. (2) Patch number of water body landscape in Kaifeng city had an increase from 1898 to 2002, but maximum area of patch, minimum area of patch and average area of patch decreased, which resulted in an increase in landscape fragment degree. (3) Connectivity index decreased and fractal dimension increased from 1898 to 2002. The reasons for these changes were the repeated overflows and flooding of the Yellow River and the influence of human activities.

Urban niche dynamics of Kaifeng city

Niche theory is one of the most important ecological theories. It is widely applied to analyzing such phenomena as competition among, and evolution of, urban ecosystem func- tional modules. This paper describes a study concerning different functional modules of Kaifeng city urban ecosystem. Niche theory and techniques were used to analyze the changes of these functional modules in the period 1994–2003. The results showed that, in the period 1994–2003: (1) Niche value of the atmospheric environment and urban virescence modules increased, while niche value of the water environment and sound environment modules decreased; (2) niche value of the tertiary industry module increased, niche value of the secondary industry module decreased, while niche value of the primary industry module showed little change; and (3) niche value of the infrastructure, resource distribution, and production & social security modules increased, while niche value of the population module decreased. This study may contribute to macroscopic planning of urban functional modules, economic development, and environmental protection.

Comprehensive Management and Protection of Lakes in Kaifeng

Through analysing pollution source and status quo of the main lakes in Kaifeng,such as Dragon Pavilion Lake and Baogong Lake,the conclusion is that Kaifeng's lake environment has been in a greater pollution condition. For lake pollution situation,we put forward comprehensive management and protection approaches of lakes,including the relocation of businesses around the lake,plugging the sewage outfall surrounding lakes,dredging and deeply digging to increase the water environment capacity of lake. By dredging the river,the lakes in urban district connect together. Controlling aquaculture scale of lakes,the ecological function of the lake is played. Constructing drainage network around the lake,integration of landscape and lake flood control is formed. Adding new water into lakes,stagnant water becomes flowing water. We sum up the experience of lake management and protection: strengthening protection awareness is the key; lake remediation is the fundamental; attention to ecological protection of the lake is the most important factor in the development of lakes; exploiting a variety of functions of the lakes including landscaping,tourism,recreation,aquaculture,public health is the goal.

浅谈基于建筑遗产保护下的开封古建的兴盛与衰落

宋朝伊始,打破了里坊制度,大街小巷慢慢充斥着人群的欢声笑语,在汴梁城的灯光映射下熠熠生辉。建筑在此刻不仅反映了一个时代,更是一种文化的传承、一种历史的保护。开封古城在经历了多种自然灾害后,如今遗留古建已所剩无几,回顾历史,每一个都有演绎着自己辉煌。在建筑遗产保护觉醒的时代,应充分意识到每一座建筑的艺术价值,构建中国特色建筑遗产保护发展的理论基础上,与时俱进,保护并传承遗产文化,展现古建筑立足于当代的时代价值。

开封市黄河大堤植物资源现状与选择应用建议

通过实地调查开封市黄河大堤的植物种类、长势和植物配置情况,根据黄河大堤场地现状的防洪固堤需求与沙尘暴频发问题,查阅相关文献资料,从抗旱性、耐湿性、滞尘性、抗风性和乡土植物的生态视角进行分析,提出适合黄河大堤的植物物种的选择及具体种植位置的应用建议,以期改善黄河大堤下游现阶段生态问题,为营建生态景观线提供借鉴与参考。

基于RSEI模型的开封市生态环境质量变化动态分析

生态环境质量评估监测是联合国可持续发展目标中的重要内容。本文利用2005年、2014年和2022年,共3期遥感影像数据,应用主成分分析法,将绿度、湿度、干度和热度等4个指标耦合成遥感生态指数(RSEI),对开封市2005~2022年的生态环境质量进行动态分析。结果表明:干度是对生态环境质量影响最大的指标,而热度的影响相对较小;RSEI能够较好地反映开封市的生态环境质量状况;开封市的生态环境质量在研究期间持续改善,RSEI的平均值从0.576增加到0.643,增幅达11.63%,约44.63%的区域生态环境质量得到改善,主要表现为一个等级的提升;生态环境质量分布格局发生较大变化,生态环境等级为良、优的区域大幅增加,主要分布在除开封市主城区西北部以外地区。

济源-开封凹陷东段馆陶组热储水化学特征及成因启示

对济源-开封凹陷东段馆陶组地热水进行分析研究发现,其水化学性质为中性水、盐水、极硬水,以Cl-Na型水为主,其化学特征、控制因素、特征系数等与上部明化镇组地热水、第四系地下水及地表水差异明显.馆陶组地热水为陆相含盐岩地层沉积型溶滤水,赋存介质为砂岩孔隙,区域发育的断裂、裂隙为其提供导热和运移的通道,在大地热流的传导增温下,不断发生溶滤作用、蒸发浓缩作用等,同时热储层封闭性良好,热水运移较停滞,还原性彻底,浓缩程度高.开封断隆内馆陶组地热水的以上特征与开封-兰考断陷相比程度更高.

宋文化旅游资源整合开发研究——以开封市为例

开封作为曾经的北宋都城,拥有一大批优秀的宋文化旅游资源,这为开封发展以宋文化为主题的文化旅游提供了得天独厚的优势。纵观开封旅游近几年的发展,部分景区经营惨淡,一大批优秀的宋文化旅游资源尚处于休眠状态。在调查开封宋文化旅游资源现状的基础上,发现其在资源开发上存在的问题和观念偏差,探索宋文化旅游资源的整合思路。

开封市城市收缩的综合测度及其时空分异研究

为了研究开封市城市收缩的时空演变特征,建立了收缩度模型,从人口、经济、空间3个维度出发,定量分析了开封市2010—2015年、2015—2020年2个时间段的收缩程度,并利用熵值法构建了开封市城市收缩综合评价指标体系,对城市收缩进行了综合测度。