Characteristics of Fluoride Contents in Plants and Soils in Kaili City Under Air Pollution

Fluoride contents in plants and soils in Kaili City were measured with fluorinion as per electrode method and the related characteristics were analyzed in order to explore effects of air fluoride pollution on plant and soil.The results indicated that fluoride content in plants tended to be volatile in 135.62-1 420.97 μg/g and averaged 513.99 μg/g;fluoride content in soils changed from 240.50-340.36 μg/g and averaged 279.60 μg/g.The contents of plant and soil both exceeded background value,suggesting that plants and soils in the region have been polluted.In addition,fluoride contents differ significantly upon plants.In detail,the maximal content was in Camelliaolelfera Abel and the minimal in Camelliaolelfera Abel.The contents of fluoride in different plant species vary,as follows：shrub vine herbaceous plant arbor;evergreen plants deciduous plant;fluoride contents in plants and soils also differ in varying degrees upon research sites.

A New Ichnogenus Kailidiscus Produced by Attachment from the Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation in Taijiang, Guizhou Province, China

Over 190 specimens of an attachment ichnofossil Kailidiscus （n. ichnogen.） have been found in the Kaili Bitoa, a Burgess Shale-type biota, from the middle Kaili Formation （early Middle Cambrian） in Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, southern China. Kailidiscus is an epichnia with a circular to oval attachment platform, on which there is a carbonaceous film probably formed by the body of the living organism. Structures such as a marginal furrow, an inner and outer marginal ride, many convex fold-ridges, and a large caved peripheral furrow on the attachment platform may be the result of basal tissues of a sessile organism that wrinkled to increase the attachment＇s surface area. The Kailidiscus organism may have been a sessile cnidarian attached to the muddy seafioor. Kailidiscus organisms lived in relatively quiet water, and were buried by a sudden influx of sediment.

Kaili Biota: A Taphonomic Window on Diversification of Metazoans from the Basal Middle Cambrian: Guizhou, China

A Burgess Shale-type biota is, in part, characterized by a wide diversity of taxa and soft-part preservation. Each provides unique historical insights into early metazoan evolution. Among the more than 40 globally distributed biotas, the early Cambrian Chengjiang and Middle Cambrian Burgess-type biotas are the largest. The Kaili Biota, from the earliest Middle Cambrian of Guizhou, China, contains representatives of 110 metazoan genera belonging to 10 phyla. It contains many well-persevered soft-bodied specimens. This Chinese biota has become the third most taxonomically diverse Burgess Shale-type fauna. Because the Kaili Biota formed in an outer-shelf environment, its main faunal character is large numbers of eocrinoids and planktoic trilobites. The Kaili is younger than the Chengjiang Biota but older than the Canadian Burgess Shale Biota; it shares 30 genera with the Chengjiang and 38 genera with the Burgess Biota. The Kaili Biota displays a taphonomic window to the diversification and evolution of marine offshore organisms covering 5.13 million years between the Early and Middle Cambrian.

Dinomischus from the Middle Cambrian Kaili Biota, Guizhou, China

Dinomischus is a rare solitary epifaunal suspension feeder. The over-all morphology of Dinomischus consists of a conical calyx surrounded with elongate bracts and an elongate stem. Visceral mass and stomach sac are evident in the body cavity. Dinomischus is interpreted as a primative ancestor of living entoprocts based on similarities in morphology and mode of life. Previously, Dinomischus is only known in two localities： the mid-Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Biota and the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota. A single specimen of Dinomischus cf. D. isolatus Cowry Morris, 1977 from the Kaili Biota, Guizhou, China is reported here. The discovery of Dinomischus in the Kaili Biota extends its geographical range and indicated that the rare Dinomischus could tolerate deeper water settings during the Middle Cambrian.

New Bivalved Arthropods from Mid-Cambrian Kaili Biota of Southeastern Guizhou,Southwest China

Bivalved arthropods are very important elements in Mid-Cambrian Kaili Biota.Three genera,Alicaris,Pseudoarctolepis,and Forfexicaris,are herein recorded for the first time,including three new species：Alicaris kailiensis sp.nov.,Forfexicaris reticulata sp.nov.,and Pseudoarctolepis semicircularis sp.nov.,of which Alicaris kailiensis sp.nov.could be assigned to crustaceomorphs;the other two forms are grouped as proschizoramians.These forms provide important information about the distribution and species diversity of a poorly-known element of Cambrian fauna,and also bridge the biotic evolutionary gap between Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota in Southwest China and Mid-Cambrian burgess shale biota in North America.

Comparison between cryptospores from the Cambrian Log Cabin Member,Pioche Shale,Nevada,USA and similar specimens from the Cambrian Kaili Formation,Guizhou,China

cryptospore-like microfossils have been collected from a sample of the ＂Middle＂ Cambrian Log Cabin Member of the Pioche Shale in eastern Nevada, USA. Compared with organic-walled microfossils obtained from the Cambrian Kaili Formation in eastern Guizhou Province, China, some specimens of leiosphers may be inferred to be similar cryptospore-like microfossils. The new fossil record would be the oldest known specimens of cryptospore-like microfossils during the Cambrian Period.

New macroalgal fossils of the Kaili Biota in Guizhou Province, China

The Kaili Biota of Jianhe County, Guizhou Province is found in a Burgess Shale type of deposits, and as such it provides a key fossil record for studying biotic differentiation following the Cambrian explosion. Macroalgae represent several important groups of primary producers and yet have not been well studied. Here, we report two new forms of macroalgae from the Kaili Biota, including a new genus and species and an indeterminate genus and species. The new genus and species, Parallelphyton tipica, is a heterotrichous alga with thalli composed of a prostrate cardinal axis, and parallel bundles of erect trichomes on the axis. The bifurcation of the trichomes is somewhat similar to the living heterotrichous Fritschiella （Chlorophyta）, representing ＂architectonic differentiation＂ only known in higher plants as an adaptation to terrestri~ conditions. The indeterminate genus and species consists of an arched, thick, cylindrical major shaft and irregularly spaced, curved lateral branches attached to the major shaft and subdivided into subbranches. The characteristics of the thick and strong major shaft and the lateral branch subdivided branches are analogous to the dichotomous branching of Psilophyton in Protopteridophyta. Thus, the differentiation of the thalli in these two algal forms represents the expression of properties of some higher metaphytes, indicating that the eco- logical differentiation of the macroalgae was well underway at the time of the Kaili Biota.

Kaili Sour Fish Soup

Originating from Kaili,the Miao staple of sour fish soup,or suan tang yu(酸汤鱼),has now become Guizhou's most applauded pish,and for good reason.The addictingly fermented tomato broth is seasoned with mujiangzi-a regional peppercorn with a notably floral flavor profile-coriander, lemongrass and ginger.

凯里市黑线姬鼠种群数量动态分析

为黑线姬鼠预测预报、防控及自然生态环境治理提供依据,探讨其种群数量、种群组成的年度、月份、季节变化规律。在稻田、旱地耕作区采用夹夜法,对贵州省凯里市1984—2022年稻田、旱地耕作区黑线姬鼠捕获率进行年度、月份、季节种群动态进行分析。结果表明:黑线姬鼠在该地区主要分布于稻田区和旱地耕作区,占总鼠数的62.36%,各年度间种群组成比例在50.69%~94.44%,为当地绝对优势鼠种,是主要的监测和防控对象。不同年度黑线姬鼠种群数量存在显著差异,各年度间平均捕获率为0.70%~6.38%,相互间存在9.11倍差异,平均捕获率为3.92%;1984—1992年捕获率较高,平均为4.86%,处于种群密度较高的波动较大状态;2011—2022年捕获率较低,平均为1.20%,处于种群密度较低的稳定状态。不同月份及季节间种群数量存在显著差异,不同月份以7月最高,2月最低,捕获率分别为3.52%、0.95%;不同季节以夏季最高,冬季最低,捕获率分别为3.05%、1.29%。该分析得出黑线姬鼠是凯里市鼠类绝对优势种,近10 a来处于种群密度较低的稳定状态,7月和夏季种群数量最高;该研究为黑线姬鼠列为凯里市主要鼠类监测、防控对象,为准确做出预测预报,制定合理的综合防控措施及自然生态环境治理提供了重要依据。

农村建设用地多维结构特征分析——以凯里市为例

科学、严谨地对农村建设用地规模进行测算,是划定农村建设用地边界的前置条件,也是进行村庄规划的必要前提,更是乡村振兴需要重点考虑的因素之一。本文根据第三次全国国土调查数据和农业农村遥感监测数据库,应用空间特征法和景观指数法对凯里市农村建设用地的规模结构特征、空间分布特征和景观特征进行多维度量化分析,梳理凯里市农村建设用地存在的主要问题,并提出相应建议,以全面厘清凯里市农村建设用地布局特征,提高土地资源利用效率和管理水平,推进国土空间提质增效。

凯里市农区鼠类组成及种群数量变化规律研究

为摸清凯里市农区鼠类种类,组成及种群数量变化规律,本研究在2011—2023年对贵州省凯里市农区鼠情进行连续监测。结果表明:在住宅区、稻田区和旱地区3种生境共置夹50733个,捕获鼠类915只,种类有9种,其中,住宅区优势鼠种为褐家鼠,占比为96.18%,农田区(稻田区和旱地区)优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠,占比为64.27%,黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠是本地区监测及防治的重点。住宅区鼠类在1、3、10月出现3个种群数量高峰,农田区鼠类在1、3、11月出现3个种群数量高峰。住宅区、农田区鼠类种群数量均以秋季最高,夏季最低。因此,在每年的3—5月和8—10月是本区域农区鼠害防治的关键时期。研究结果为农区鼠害监测及防控工作提供了科学依据。

黔东乌溜阶凯里组Dictyonina Cooper,1942的初步研究

描述产于贵州省剑河县八郎村寒武系凯里组苗板坡剖面的网形贝一新种八郎网形贝Dictyonina balangia sp.nov.。其特征为:贝体中等大小,轮廓横椭圆形,双凸型,铰合线近直,主端钝角;腹壳近低锥状,喙明显,腹壳斜倾型;背壳凸度中等;壳面装饰复杂而美丽,斜凸放射线与同心线交叉,形成细密的网格状孔洞,这些孔洞在壳体边缘尺寸变大。八郎网形贝的发现,丰富了凯里生物群腕足类的物种信息,并为研究寒武纪腕足动物的辐射和多样性提供了重要的证据,同时也为研究腕足类壳面装饰形态的变化、系统分类及网形贝类形态特征提供新的材料。

2022年凯里臭氧污染过程及成因分析

2022年10月20-25日,凯里市首次出现持续臭氧污染事件。基于常规污染物监测资料和气象数据,结合ERA5再分析数据研究了此次污染过程中各污染物浓度的变化特征。结果表明,此次臭氧污染呈现明显的区域污染特征。在臭氧污染期间,凯里城区臭氧(O3)平均浓度达123.76±59.76μg m-3,较污染前的O3平均浓度(61.57±29.49μg m-3)大幅上升101.01%;臭氧前体物,包括氮氧化物(NOx)、非甲烷总烃(NMHC)、一氧化碳(CO)在臭氧污染期间的平均浓度与污染前的相比几乎不变;细颗粒物(PM2.5)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的平均浓度在臭氧污染期间上涨7.69%和10.26%。另外,风场资料显示,在偏弱的东北风的作用下,凯里市的O3浓度变化明显受到外来输送的影响。本研究探索了凯里市秋季臭氧污染的成因,为开展区域臭氧污染季节臭氧及其前体物的协同控制提供科学支撑。

2021—2023年贵州省凯里市牛羊重要疫病免疫效果调查分析

[目的]为做好牛羊疫病防控专项工作,科学评估牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫疫苗免疫效果。[方法]用ELISA方法对2021—2023年采集的凯里市牛羊血清进行免疫抗体检测。[结果]2021—2023年,规模场牛群O型口蹄疫免疫平均抗体合格率87.69%~89.31%,散养户牛群平均合格率65.91%~67.20%。规模场牛群A型口蹄疫免疫平均抗体合格率71.15%~72.07%,散养户牛群平均合格率55.91%~57.60%。规模场羊群O型口蹄疫免疫平均抗体合格率82.94%~85.56%,散养户平均合格率70.53%~72.27%。羊A型口蹄疫免疫平均抗体合格率65.88%~67.22%,散养户平均合格率53.68%~55.91%。规模场羊群小反刍兽疫免疫抗体合格率80.00%~81.11%,散养羊群平均抗体合格率71.05%~73.18%。[结论]贵州省凯里市牛羊O型口蹄疫免疫效果较好,牛羊A型口蹄疫免疫效果相对较差,羊小反刍兽疫免疫效果很好,但牛羊O/A型口蹄疫免疫效果散养户比规模场差,规模场羊群小反刍兽疫免疫抗体合格率比散养户高。需加强规模场、散养户牛羊A型口蹄疫免疫和检测,同时加强散养户羊群小反刍兽疫免疫与效果评估,确保不发生重大动物疫情。

贵州中寒武世早期凯里生物群研究的新进展

贵州台江中寒武世凯里生物群的研究取得了突破性的进展 ,一些澄江生物群、布尔吉斯页岩生物群的分子诸如Ottoia,Naraoia,Palaeoscolex ,Urokodia,Microdictyon ,Leanchio lia,Isoxys及anomalocarids等化石已被发现 ,凯里生物群的组成发生了重大的变化。新面貌的凯里生物群成为拥有 1 2个大类 1 2 0多个属的布尔吉斯页岩型生物群 ,其中动物化石已超过 80多个属 ,仅次于布尔吉斯页岩生物群和澄江生物群 ,居全球同类型第三位。其核心组成为非三叶虫节肢动物、水母状动物及棘皮动物。

贵州台江中寒武世凯里组中分枝状宏观藻类化石

本文描述了贵州中寒武世凯里组中的分枝状宏观藻类化石5属7种,即:Marpolia spissa Wal-cott, Marpolia aequalis Walcott, Guizhouella ramulosa Yang (gen. et sp. nov.), Doushantuophyton lineare Chen,Thamnophton formosus Yang (gen. et sp. nov.), Eoulothrix fibrillata Ding, Eoulothrix flabellophyton Yang (sp.nov.)。根据大量的藻类与凯里生物群共生特征,从藻类的生态及生物群分布受到沉积韵律控制等特征分析,认为凯里生物群生活环境的水深应该在30～60m,而埋藏和保存环境的水深是150m左右。另外,将凯里生物群中的宏观藻类化石与震旦纪陡山沱期的藻类化石进行了比较,两者在以分技状藻类占主要组成上是相似的,从这一方面来说,晚震旦世宏观藻类与寒武纪宏观藻类没有大的演变,但寒武纪宏观藻类以出现钙质珊瑚藻类、分枝更加复杂的类型和具有锯齿状叶状体、生殖托构造的藻类为特征。

贵州台江中寒武世凯里动物群

贵州中寒武世凯里动物群由１０个以上门类化石组成，包括棘皮动物、水母状化石、蠕虫、海绵、软舌螺、三叶虫、腕足类、单板类、菌藻类、疑源类、一些分类不明的化石及遗迹化石。这一动物群形成于浅海陆棚环境，它是继我国已发现的、世界闻名的澄江动物群之后，在我国寒武系发现的另一个布尔吉斯页岩型动物群。

贵州台江早—中寒武世凯里组的宏观藻类化石

本文描述了贵州寒武纪凯里组中的宏观藻类化石7属12种,其中有6个新属10个新种:Bosworthia simulans、B.gyges、Eolaminaria grandis gen.et sp.nov.、E.perelegans gen.et sp.nov.、Fractibeltia typica gen.et sp.nov.、F.fibrillata gen.et sp.nov.、F.forrnosus gen.et sp.nov.、F.vein gen.et sp.nov.、Kailiphyton simulans gen. et sp. nov.、Palaeospinella typica gen. et sp. nov.、Palaeodictyota dichotoma gen. et sp. nov.、Wavilaminaria taijiangia gen. et sp. nov.,该藻类植物群的发现不仅丰富了我国早古生代寒武纪的藻类,而且,对研究早期植物界的演化,恢复寒武纪当时全球生物地理区和古大陆位置分布具有重要的意义。

贵州省凯里地区铝土矿床控矿因素研究

凯里地区铝土矿是产于碳酸盐岩侵蚀面上的一水硬铝石型沉积矿床。该区域在地质历史时期,经历了多次地壳运动的复杂演变。铝土矿产于上泥盆统高坡场组(D3gp)白云岩侵蚀面上,含矿层位为中二叠统梁山组(P2l)。在阐述了该区铝土矿的成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征的基础上,对本区铝土矿床形成过程中的主要控矿因素进行了分析,认为该形成过程可大体分为物质形成阶段、沉积和保存阶段和次生富集阶段三个阶段。其中,物质形成阶段主要的控矿因素为风化作用、古气候、水文地质作用、古地貌和生物作用;沉积和保存阶段主要的控矿因素为海侵作用和岩溶;次生富集阶段主要的控矿因素为水文地质作用和断裂。