Integrating Chinese culture into college English can not only enhance students’humanities literacy and cultivate their cultural confidence,but also facilitate the inheritance and international dissemination of Chines...Integrating Chinese culture into college English can not only enhance students’humanities literacy and cultivate their cultural confidence,but also facilitate the inheritance and international dissemination of Chinese culture.Taking Tyler’s curriculum framework as the starting point,this paper analyzes some factors that affect the integration of Chinese culture into the college English teaching and proposes some strategies for the integration of Chinese culture into college English teaching by innovating teaching objectives,enriching teaching contents,transforming modes of course delivery,and reconstructing the assessment system.展开更多
Spin-polarized periodic density functional theory was performed to characterize H2S adsorp- tion and dissociation on graphene oxides （GO） surface. The comprehensive reaction network of H2S oxidation with epoxy and h...Spin-polarized periodic density functional theory was performed to characterize H2S adsorp- tion and dissociation on graphene oxides （GO） surface. The comprehensive reaction network of H2S oxidation with epoxy and hydroxyl groups of GO was discussed. It is shown that the reduction reaction is mainly governed by epoxide ring opening and hydroxyl hydrogenation which is initiated by H transfer from H2S or its derivatives, hlrthermore, the presence of another OH group at the opposite side relative to the adsorbed H2S activates the oxygen group to facilitate epoxide ring opening and hydroxyl hydrogenation. For H2S interaction with -O and -OH groups adsorption on each side of graphene, the pathway is a favorable reaction path by the introduction of intermediate states, the predicted energy barriers are 3.2 and 10.4 kcal/mol, respectively, the second H transfer is tile rate-determining step in the whole reaction process. In addition, our calculations suggest that both epoxy and hydroxyl groups can enhance tile binding of S to the C-C bonds and the effect of hydroxyl group is more local than that of the epoxy.展开更多
Some new reflection principles for Maxwell's equations are first established, which are then applied to derive two novel identifiability results in inverse electromagnetic obstacle scattering problems with polyhed...Some new reflection principles for Maxwell's equations are first established, which are then applied to derive two novel identifiability results in inverse electromagnetic obstacle scattering problems with polyhedral scatterers.展开更多
The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this p...The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this paper, handicap is defined as the difficulty to survive and reproduce independently. Kin sociality is derived from the childhood handicap-care principle where the children are the handicapped children who receive the care from the kin caregivers in the inclusive kin group to survive. The caregiver gives care for its self-interest to reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of kin sociality contains the handicapped childhood and the caregiving adulthood. Eusociality is derived from the adulthood handicap-care principle where responsible adults are the handicapped adults who give care and receive care at the same time in the interdependent eusocial group to survive and reproduce its gene. Queen bees reproduce, but must receive care from worker bees that work but must rely on queen bees to reproduce. A caregiver gives care for its self-interest to survive and reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of eusociality contains the handicapped childhood-adulthood and the caregiving adulthood. The chronological sequence of the sociality evolution is individual sociality without handicap, kin sociality with handicapped childhood, and eusociality with handicapped adulthood. Eusociality in humans is derived from bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The chronological sequence of the eusocial human evolution is 1) the eusocial early hominins with bipedalism and the mixed habitat, 2) the eusocial early Homo species with bipedalism, the larger brain, and the open habitat, 3) the eusocial late Homo species with bipedalism, the largest brain, and the unstable habitat, and 4) extended eusocial Homo sapiens with bipedalism, the shrinking brain, omnipresent imagination, and the harsh habitat. The omnipresence of imagination in human culture converts eusociality into extended eusociality with both perception and omnipresent imagination.展开更多
This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we ex...This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we explore the implications for black hole thermodynamics, astrophysics, astronomy, information theory, and the search for new laws of nature. The result includes an estimation of the number of bits stored in a black hole (less than 1.4 × 10<sup>30</sup> bits/m<sup>3</sup>), enhancing our understanding of information storage in extreme gravitational environments. This integration offers valuable insights into the fundamental nature of information and energy, impacting scientific advancements in multiple disciplines.展开更多
Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty trucks.Predictive cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road information.In this study,a rea...Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty trucks.Predictive cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road information.In this study,a real-time implementable PCC,which simultaneously optimizes engine torque and gear shifting,is proposed for heavy-duty trucks.To minimize fuel consumption,the problem of the PCC is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control(MPC),in which the upcoming road elevation information is used.Finding the solution of the nonlinear MPC is time consuming;thus,a real-time implementable solver is developed based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and indirect shooting method.Dynamic programming(DP)algorithm,as a global optimization algorithm,is used as a performance benchmark for the proposed solver.Simulation,hardware-in-the-loop and real-truck experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed controller.The results demonstrate that the MPC-based solution performs nearly as well as the DP-based solution,with less than 1%deviation for testing roads.Moreover,the proposed co-optimization controller is implementable in a real-truck,and the proposed MPC-based PCC algorithm achieves a fuel-saving rate of 7.9%without compromising the truck’s travel time.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to establish an extension of qualitative and quantitative uncertainty principles for the Fourier transform connected with the spherical mean operator.
Variational principles are constructed using the semi-inverse method for two kinds of extended Korteweg-de Vries （KdV） equations, which can be regarded as simple models of the nonlinear oceanic internal waves and at...Variational principles are constructed using the semi-inverse method for two kinds of extended Korteweg-de Vries （KdV） equations, which can be regarded as simple models of the nonlinear oceanic internal waves and atmospheric long waves, respectively. The obtained variational principles have also been proved to be correct.展开更多
The beneficial effect of the alkali metals such as Na and K on the Cu（In.Ga）Se2 （CIGS） and Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 （CZTSSe） solar cells has been extensively investigated in the past two decades, however, in most of the...The beneficial effect of the alkali metals such as Na and K on the Cu（In.Ga）Se2 （CIGS） and Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 （CZTSSe） solar cells has been extensively investigated in the past two decades, however, in most of the studies the alkali metals were treated as dopants. Several recent studies have showed that the alkali metals may not only act as dopants but also form secondary phases in the absorber layer or on the surfaces of the films. Using the first-principles calculations, we screened out the most probable secondary phases of Na and K in CIGS and CZTSSe, and studied their electronic structures and optical properties. We found that all these alkali chalcogenide compounds have larger band gaps and lower VBM levels than CIGS and CZTSSe, because the existence of strong p-d coupling in CIS and CZTS pushes the valence band maximum （VBM） level up and reduces the band-gaps, while there is no such p-d coupling in these alkali chalcogenides. This band alignment repels the photo-generated holes from the secondary phases and prevents the electron-hole recombination. Moreover, the study on the optical properties of the secondary phases showed that the absorption coefficients of these alkali chalcogenides are much lower than those of CIGS and CZTSSe in the energy range of 0-3.4eV, which means that the alkali chalcogenides may not influence the absorption of solar light. Since the alkali metal dopants can passivate the grain boundaries and increase the hole carrier concentration, and meanwhile their related secondary phases have innocuous effect on the optical absorption and band alignment, we can understand why the alkali metal dopants can improve the CIGS and CZTSSe solar cell performance.展开更多
In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according ...In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance L from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron was represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter L. It was shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy, and the time duration of emission is constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. In this paper, a similar analysis is conducted with a chain of electrons oscillating sinusoidally and located above a conducting plane. In the thought experiment presented in this paper, the behavior of the energy radiated by the chain of oscillating electrons is studied in the frequency domain as a function of the length L of the chain. It is shown that when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the energy radiated within a single burst of duration of half a period of oscillation is constrained by the fact that electromagnetic energy consists of photons, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density emerges as a result. The derived inequality is given by where is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 5.38 × 10<sup>-10</sup> J/m. The result obtained here is in better agreement with experimental data than the one obtained in Part I of this paper with time domain radiation.展开更多
According to generalized variational principles suitable for linear elastic incompatible displacement elements given by Professor Chien Wei-zang, using crack tip singular element and isoparametric surrounding element ...According to generalized variational principles suitable for linear elastic incompatible displacement elements given by Professor Chien Wei-zang, using crack tip singular element and isoparametric surrounding element given by the author of this paper, we will study the St. Venant's torsional bar with a radial vertical crack and compare the present computed results with the results of reference [2], The present computed results show that, using the method provided in this paper, satisfactory convergent solution can be obtained under lower degree of freedom.展开更多
Tsangyang Gyatso＇s poems were widely circulated and still enjoy popularity. He was an influential living Buddha （Renpoche） in Tibetan Buddhism and a talented and legendary historical figure. Nowadays, more and more...Tsangyang Gyatso＇s poems were widely circulated and still enjoy popularity. He was an influential living Buddha （Renpoche） in Tibetan Buddhism and a talented and legendary historical figure. Nowadays, more and more scholars, poets and translators have devoted to the study of his works. Here we will focus on discussing the English translation of his poems and their value. We analyze texts of the Tsangyang Gyatso＇s Poems （Chinese-English） and seek to further study the translation principles such as ＂retaining truth, seeking goodness and preserving beauty＂. By doing this, we strive to improve the quality of translation, give consideration to the construction of the four elements such as poetic meaning, emotion, tone and intention, to enable the reader to achieve the senses and the acquisition of images, to provide more perfect translation in the ＂Tsangyang Gyatso Vogue＂, to promote the dissemination and sharing of Tibetan culture and to inject new vitality.展开更多
Although General Relativity is the classic example of a physical theory based on differential geometry, the momentum tensor is the only part of the field equation that is not derived from or interpreted with different...Although General Relativity is the classic example of a physical theory based on differential geometry, the momentum tensor is the only part of the field equation that is not derived from or interpreted with differential geometry. This work extends General Relativity and Einstein-Cartan theory by augmenting the Poincaré group with projective (special) conformal transformations, which are translations at conformal infinity. Momentum becomes a part of the differential geometry of spacetime. The Lie algebra of these transformations is represented by vectorfields on an associated Minkowski fiber space. Variation of projective conformal scalar curvature generates a 2-index tensor that serves as linear momentum in the field equations of General Relativity. The computation yields a constructive realization of Mach’s principle: local inertia is determined by local motion relative to mass at conformal infinity in each fiber. The vectorfields have a cellular structure that is similar to that of turbulent fluids.展开更多
基金supported by Program of curriculum ideological and political education teaching reform,Zhoukou Normal University-Research on the Path of Ideological and Political Construction of College English Course in local universities from the perspective of cultural confidence(Fund No.SZJG-2022004)Program of Educational Curriculum Reform Henan Province-The exploration of the cultivation of the mentors in normal universities under the background of teacher professional certification(Fund No.2022-JSJYZD-028)+1 种基金the research and practice program of teaching and learning in Zhoukou Normal University(Fund No.JF2021016)achievements of the training program for young and middle-aged key teachers at Zhoukou Normal University in 2021.
文摘Integrating Chinese culture into college English can not only enhance students’humanities literacy and cultivate their cultural confidence,but also facilitate the inheritance and international dissemination of Chinese culture.Taking Tyler’s curriculum framework as the starting point,this paper analyzes some factors that affect the integration of Chinese culture into the college English teaching and proposes some strategies for the integration of Chinese culture into college English teaching by innovating teaching objectives,enriching teaching contents,transforming modes of course delivery,and reconstructing the assessment system.
基金This work was supported by the National Natu- ral Science Foundation of China （No.21004009） and the Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Committee （No.G J J13447 and No.G J J14485）. We are grateful to High Performance Computer Center of State Key Lab- oratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface （Xiamen University）.
文摘Spin-polarized periodic density functional theory was performed to characterize H2S adsorp- tion and dissociation on graphene oxides （GO） surface. The comprehensive reaction network of H2S oxidation with epoxy and hydroxyl groups of GO was discussed. It is shown that the reduction reaction is mainly governed by epoxide ring opening and hydroxyl hydrogenation which is initiated by H transfer from H2S or its derivatives, hlrthermore, the presence of another OH group at the opposite side relative to the adsorbed H2S activates the oxygen group to facilitate epoxide ring opening and hydroxyl hydrogenation. For H2S interaction with -O and -OH groups adsorption on each side of graphene, the pathway is a favorable reaction path by the introduction of intermediate states, the predicted energy barriers are 3.2 and 10.4 kcal/mol, respectively, the second H transfer is tile rate-determining step in the whole reaction process. In addition, our calculations suggest that both epoxy and hydroxyl groups can enhance tile binding of S to the C-C bonds and the effect of hydroxyl group is more local than that of the epoxy.
基金supported by NSF grant,FRG DMS 0554571supported substantially by Hong Kong RGC grant (Project 404407)partially by Cheung Kong Scholars Programme through Wuhan University,China.
文摘Some new reflection principles for Maxwell's equations are first established, which are then applied to derive two novel identifiability results in inverse electromagnetic obstacle scattering problems with polyhedral scatterers.
文摘The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this paper, handicap is defined as the difficulty to survive and reproduce independently. Kin sociality is derived from the childhood handicap-care principle where the children are the handicapped children who receive the care from the kin caregivers in the inclusive kin group to survive. The caregiver gives care for its self-interest to reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of kin sociality contains the handicapped childhood and the caregiving adulthood. Eusociality is derived from the adulthood handicap-care principle where responsible adults are the handicapped adults who give care and receive care at the same time in the interdependent eusocial group to survive and reproduce its gene. Queen bees reproduce, but must receive care from worker bees that work but must rely on queen bees to reproduce. A caregiver gives care for its self-interest to survive and reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of eusociality contains the handicapped childhood-adulthood and the caregiving adulthood. The chronological sequence of the sociality evolution is individual sociality without handicap, kin sociality with handicapped childhood, and eusociality with handicapped adulthood. Eusociality in humans is derived from bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The chronological sequence of the eusocial human evolution is 1) the eusocial early hominins with bipedalism and the mixed habitat, 2) the eusocial early Homo species with bipedalism, the larger brain, and the open habitat, 3) the eusocial late Homo species with bipedalism, the largest brain, and the unstable habitat, and 4) extended eusocial Homo sapiens with bipedalism, the shrinking brain, omnipresent imagination, and the harsh habitat. The omnipresence of imagination in human culture converts eusociality into extended eusociality with both perception and omnipresent imagination.
文摘This research aims to integrate Bekenstein’s bound and Landauer’s principle, providing a unified framework to understand the limits of information and energy in physical systems. By combining these principles, we explore the implications for black hole thermodynamics, astrophysics, astronomy, information theory, and the search for new laws of nature. The result includes an estimation of the number of bits stored in a black hole (less than 1.4 × 10<sup>30</sup> bits/m<sup>3</sup>), enhancing our understanding of information storage in extreme gravitational environments. This integration offers valuable insights into the fundamental nature of information and energy, impacting scientific advancements in multiple disciplines.
基金Supported by International Technology Cooperation Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China(Grant No.21160710600)National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52372393)Shanghai Pujiang Program of China(Grant No.21PJD075).
文摘Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty trucks.Predictive cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road information.In this study,a real-time implementable PCC,which simultaneously optimizes engine torque and gear shifting,is proposed for heavy-duty trucks.To minimize fuel consumption,the problem of the PCC is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control(MPC),in which the upcoming road elevation information is used.Finding the solution of the nonlinear MPC is time consuming;thus,a real-time implementable solver is developed based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and indirect shooting method.Dynamic programming(DP)algorithm,as a global optimization algorithm,is used as a performance benchmark for the proposed solver.Simulation,hardware-in-the-loop and real-truck experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed controller.The results demonstrate that the MPC-based solution performs nearly as well as the DP-based solution,with less than 1%deviation for testing roads.Moreover,the proposed co-optimization controller is implementable in a real-truck,and the proposed MPC-based PCC algorithm achieves a fuel-saving rate of 7.9%without compromising the truck’s travel time.
文摘The aim of this paper is to establish an extension of qualitative and quantitative uncertainty principles for the Fourier transform connected with the spherical mean operator.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61070041 and 40775064)
文摘Variational principles are constructed using the semi-inverse method for two kinds of extended Korteweg-de Vries （KdV） equations, which can be regarded as simple models of the nonlinear oceanic internal waves and atmospheric long waves, respectively. The obtained variational principles have also been proved to be correct.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant nos.61574059 and 61722402the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0700700)+1 种基金Shu-Guang program(15SG20)CC of ECNU
文摘The beneficial effect of the alkali metals such as Na and K on the Cu（In.Ga）Se2 （CIGS） and Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 （CZTSSe） solar cells has been extensively investigated in the past two decades, however, in most of the studies the alkali metals were treated as dopants. Several recent studies have showed that the alkali metals may not only act as dopants but also form secondary phases in the absorber layer or on the surfaces of the films. Using the first-principles calculations, we screened out the most probable secondary phases of Na and K in CIGS and CZTSSe, and studied their electronic structures and optical properties. We found that all these alkali chalcogenide compounds have larger band gaps and lower VBM levels than CIGS and CZTSSe, because the existence of strong p-d coupling in CIS and CZTS pushes the valence band maximum （VBM） level up and reduces the band-gaps, while there is no such p-d coupling in these alkali chalcogenides. This band alignment repels the photo-generated holes from the secondary phases and prevents the electron-hole recombination. Moreover, the study on the optical properties of the secondary phases showed that the absorption coefficients of these alkali chalcogenides are much lower than those of CIGS and CZTSSe in the energy range of 0-3.4eV, which means that the alkali chalcogenides may not influence the absorption of solar light. Since the alkali metal dopants can passivate the grain boundaries and increase the hole carrier concentration, and meanwhile their related secondary phases have innocuous effect on the optical absorption and band alignment, we can understand why the alkali metal dopants can improve the CIGS and CZTSSe solar cell performance.
文摘In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance L from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron was represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter L. It was shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy, and the time duration of emission is constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. In this paper, a similar analysis is conducted with a chain of electrons oscillating sinusoidally and located above a conducting plane. In the thought experiment presented in this paper, the behavior of the energy radiated by the chain of oscillating electrons is studied in the frequency domain as a function of the length L of the chain. It is shown that when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the energy radiated within a single burst of duration of half a period of oscillation is constrained by the fact that electromagnetic energy consists of photons, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density emerges as a result. The derived inequality is given by where is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 5.38 × 10<sup>-10</sup> J/m. The result obtained here is in better agreement with experimental data than the one obtained in Part I of this paper with time domain radiation.
文摘According to generalized variational principles suitable for linear elastic incompatible displacement elements given by Professor Chien Wei-zang, using crack tip singular element and isoparametric surrounding element given by the author of this paper, we will study the St. Venant's torsional bar with a radial vertical crack and compare the present computed results with the results of reference [2], The present computed results show that, using the method provided in this paper, satisfactory convergent solution can be obtained under lower degree of freedom.
文摘Tsangyang Gyatso＇s poems were widely circulated and still enjoy popularity. He was an influential living Buddha （Renpoche） in Tibetan Buddhism and a talented and legendary historical figure. Nowadays, more and more scholars, poets and translators have devoted to the study of his works. Here we will focus on discussing the English translation of his poems and their value. We analyze texts of the Tsangyang Gyatso＇s Poems （Chinese-English） and seek to further study the translation principles such as ＂retaining truth, seeking goodness and preserving beauty＂. By doing this, we strive to improve the quality of translation, give consideration to the construction of the four elements such as poetic meaning, emotion, tone and intention, to enable the reader to achieve the senses and the acquisition of images, to provide more perfect translation in the ＂Tsangyang Gyatso Vogue＂, to promote the dissemination and sharing of Tibetan culture and to inject new vitality.
文摘Although General Relativity is the classic example of a physical theory based on differential geometry, the momentum tensor is the only part of the field equation that is not derived from or interpreted with differential geometry. This work extends General Relativity and Einstein-Cartan theory by augmenting the Poincaré group with projective (special) conformal transformations, which are translations at conformal infinity. Momentum becomes a part of the differential geometry of spacetime. The Lie algebra of these transformations is represented by vectorfields on an associated Minkowski fiber space. Variation of projective conformal scalar curvature generates a 2-index tensor that serves as linear momentum in the field equations of General Relativity. The computation yields a constructive realization of Mach’s principle: local inertia is determined by local motion relative to mass at conformal infinity in each fiber. The vectorfields have a cellular structure that is similar to that of turbulent fluids.
