[ Objective] The aim was to provide scientific basis for purifying water quality, ecological restoration and fishery breeding of GaoBaZhou reservoir multiplication and stocking. [ Method] Monitoring of normal water ph...[ Objective] The aim was to provide scientific basis for purifying water quality, ecological restoration and fishery breeding of GaoBaZhou reservoir multiplication and stocking. [ Method] Monitoring of normal water physical, chemical characteristics and different number of data of GaoBaZhou reservoir was conducted in 2010 and 2011 after different amount of filter-feeding fishes stocking in this reservoir. [ Result] The water physical and chemical factors TN, NO2, NO3-N-N, TP and COD, Chl. a in 2011 were significantly less than 2010, 2011 month average 1.389 mg/L, 0.039 6 rng/L, 1.211 7 mg/L, 0.137 3 mg/L, 16.191 mg/L, 10.226 8 mg/m3, 2010 month average 1.659 mg/L, 0.066 2 mg/L, 1.472 9 mg/L, 0.099 9 rag/L, 18.314 8 mg/L, 14.917 8 mg/L. The calculation results of TSIM showed that 2011 reservoir eutrophication TSIM were less than 2010, up to 53.78 and 57.36. E Coaclusion： The whole reservoir area revealed mild eutrophication （the TSIM 〉 53）, and it suggested that the filterfeeding fishes amount could be increased in the reservoir.展开更多
To investigate the effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance, nine lactating Holstein dairy cows （day in milk= 100±21 d; body weight=645.7 ± 26.5 kg） ...To investigate the effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance, nine lactating Holstein dairy cows （day in milk= 100±21 d; body weight=645.7 ± 26.5 kg） were allotted to a 3 × 3 Latin square design at three 23-d periods. The three treatments included 34.91% （B）, 18.87% （BC）, and 18.86% （BB） barley that in treatment B was partially replaced with only corn or corn plus beet pulp in treatments BC and BB, respectively. The concentration of starch and neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate varied （22.2, 20.2, and 14.5; 13.6, 15.9, and 20.1% of DM in treatments B, BC, and BB, respectively）. Cows in treatment BB showed a higher DMI and improved digestibility of DM, NDF, and EE compared with treatments B or BC Ruminal pH was higher in cows fed on BB （6.83） compared with those that received B or BC treatments （6.62 and 6.73, respectively）. A lower proportion of propionate accompanied the higher pH in the BB group; however, a greater proportion of acetate and acetate： propionate ratio was observed compared with cows fed either on the B or BC diet. Moreover, cows fed on the BB diet showed the lowest ruminal passage rate and longest ruminal and total retention time. Eating time did not differ among treatments, rumination time was greater among cows fed on the BB diet compared with the others, whereas total chewing activity was greater than those fed on BC, but similar to those fed on B. The treatments showed no effect on milk yield. Partially replacing barley with corn or beet pulp resulted in an increase in milk fat and a lower protein concentration. Changing dietary NFC with that of a different degradability thus altered intake, chewing activity, ruminal environment, retention time or passage rate, and lactation performance. The results of this study showed that beet pulp with a higher NDF and a detergent-soluble carbohydrate or pectin established a more consistent ruminal mat than barley and corn, thus resulting in higher mean retention time and chewing activity, whereas no changes in 3.5% ECM and milk fat were observed.展开更多
基金funded by the National Public Welfare(Agriculture)Special Research(200903048-09)
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to provide scientific basis for purifying water quality, ecological restoration and fishery breeding of GaoBaZhou reservoir multiplication and stocking. [ Method] Monitoring of normal water physical, chemical characteristics and different number of data of GaoBaZhou reservoir was conducted in 2010 and 2011 after different amount of filter-feeding fishes stocking in this reservoir. [ Result] The water physical and chemical factors TN, NO2, NO3-N-N, TP and COD, Chl. a in 2011 were significantly less than 2010, 2011 month average 1.389 mg/L, 0.039 6 rng/L, 1.211 7 mg/L, 0.137 3 mg/L, 16.191 mg/L, 10.226 8 mg/m3, 2010 month average 1.659 mg/L, 0.066 2 mg/L, 1.472 9 mg/L, 0.099 9 rag/L, 18.314 8 mg/L, 14.917 8 mg/L. The calculation results of TSIM showed that 2011 reservoir eutrophication TSIM were less than 2010, up to 53.78 and 57.36. E Coaclusion： The whole reservoir area revealed mild eutrophication （the TSIM 〉 53）, and it suggested that the filterfeeding fishes amount could be increased in the reservoir.
文摘To investigate the effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance, nine lactating Holstein dairy cows （day in milk= 100±21 d; body weight=645.7 ± 26.5 kg） were allotted to a 3 × 3 Latin square design at three 23-d periods. The three treatments included 34.91% （B）, 18.87% （BC）, and 18.86% （BB） barley that in treatment B was partially replaced with only corn or corn plus beet pulp in treatments BC and BB, respectively. The concentration of starch and neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate varied （22.2, 20.2, and 14.5; 13.6, 15.9, and 20.1% of DM in treatments B, BC, and BB, respectively）. Cows in treatment BB showed a higher DMI and improved digestibility of DM, NDF, and EE compared with treatments B or BC Ruminal pH was higher in cows fed on BB （6.83） compared with those that received B or BC treatments （6.62 and 6.73, respectively）. A lower proportion of propionate accompanied the higher pH in the BB group; however, a greater proportion of acetate and acetate： propionate ratio was observed compared with cows fed either on the B or BC diet. Moreover, cows fed on the BB diet showed the lowest ruminal passage rate and longest ruminal and total retention time. Eating time did not differ among treatments, rumination time was greater among cows fed on the BB diet compared with the others, whereas total chewing activity was greater than those fed on BC, but similar to those fed on B. The treatments showed no effect on milk yield. Partially replacing barley with corn or beet pulp resulted in an increase in milk fat and a lower protein concentration. Changing dietary NFC with that of a different degradability thus altered intake, chewing activity, ruminal environment, retention time or passage rate, and lactation performance. The results of this study showed that beet pulp with a higher NDF and a detergent-soluble carbohydrate or pectin established a more consistent ruminal mat than barley and corn, thus resulting in higher mean retention time and chewing activity, whereas no changes in 3.5% ECM and milk fat were observed.
