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Probabilistic rainfall thresholds in Chibo, India: estimation and validation using monitoring system 被引量:1
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作者 Abhirup DIKSHIT Neelima SATYAM 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第4期870-883,共14页
The Himalayan region has been severely affected by landslides especially during the monsoons. In particular, Kalimpong region in Darjeeling Himalayas has recorded several landslides and has caused significant loss of ... The Himalayan region has been severely affected by landslides especially during the monsoons. In particular, Kalimpong region in Darjeeling Himalayas has recorded several landslides and has caused significant loss of life, property and agricultural land. The study region, Chibo has experienced several landslides in the past which were mainly debris and earth slide. Globally, several types of rainfall thresholds have been used to determine rainfall-induced landslide incidents. In this paper, probabilistic thresholds have been defined as it would provide a better understanding compared to deterministic thresholds which provide binary results, i.e., either landslide or no landslide for a particular rainfall event. Not much research has been carried out towards validation of rainfall thresholds using an effective and robust monitoring system. The thresholds are then validated using a reliable system utilizing Microelectromechanical Systems(MEMS) tilt sensor and volumetric water content sensor installed in the region. The system measures the tilt of the instrument which is installed at shallow depths and is ideal for an early warning system for shallow landslides. The change in observed tilt angles due to rainfall would give an understanding of the applicability of the probabilistic model. The probabilities determined using Bayes' theorem have been calculated using the rainfall parameters and landslide data in 2010-2016. The rainfall values were collected from an automatic rain gauge setup near the Chibo region. The probabilities were validated using the MEMS based monitoring system setup in Chibo for the monsoon season of 2017. This is the first attempt to determine probabilities and validate it with a robust and effective monitoring system in Darjeeling Himalayas. This study would help in developing an early warning system for regions where the installation of monitoring systems may not be feasible. 展开更多
关键词 EARLY WARNING PROBABILISTIC thresholds kalimpong MONITORING
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更敦群培与“西藏革命党”考略
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作者 尕藏扎西 《西藏民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》 2013年第5期21-25,30,共6页
20世纪80年代以来的现代藏学构建过程中,随着更敦群培的"疯僧"形象逐渐得以昭雪以及"更敦群培热"的升温,他与"西藏革命党"的关系问题引起越来越多的关注。其中,持更敦群培加入该组织的观点的学者与持相... 20世纪80年代以来的现代藏学构建过程中,随着更敦群培的"疯僧"形象逐渐得以昭雪以及"更敦群培热"的升温,他与"西藏革命党"的关系问题引起越来越多的关注。其中,持更敦群培加入该组织的观点的学者与持相反观点的人有过非正式的学术对话,但大多陷于"二元"思维定式而未能还历史以本来面目。本文在前人研究的基础上考察更敦群培的人生轨迹细节,认为更敦群培未曾正式参加该组织,但他接受了一些该组织委托的任务,他与西藏革命党之间的关系只是一种雇佣关系。 展开更多
关键词 更敦群培 西藏革命党 噶伦堡 噶厦 饶嘎
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试论1948年中印设领交涉 被引量:2
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作者 侯中军 《南亚研究》 CSSCI 2010年第4期34-49,共16页
1948年5月,印度向中国国民政府提出在疏附建立领馆的要求,虽然国民政府认识到印度的设馆目的并不单纯,但仍然决定同意对方在疏附建馆。作为一种对等行动,国民政府亦提出在印度的葛伦堡设立中国领事馆,并经中国驻印大使罗家伦向印度提出... 1948年5月,印度向中国国民政府提出在疏附建立领馆的要求,虽然国民政府认识到印度的设馆目的并不单纯,但仍然决定同意对方在疏附建馆。作为一种对等行动,国民政府亦提出在印度的葛伦堡设立中国领事馆,并经中国驻印大使罗家伦向印度提出。虽经罗家伦与印度外交部长梅农多次交涉,印度方面始终未予以明确支持,而是借故推脱、阻延。罗家伦坚持印度须同意中国在葛伦堡设领的原则后,中国方能同意印度在疏附设领,但国民政府外交部最终向印方作出妥协。中印设领交涉凸显出印度独立后国家主权意识空前膨胀,刻意继承英帝国侵略所得的边界及利益。 展开更多
关键词 印度独立 疏附设领 葛伦堡 罗家伦 梅农
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