Kanas is a National Nature Reserve and National 5A Scenic Area,and it is also high on China’s National Natural Heritage List. In this paper,with an integrated analysis and comparative geo-graphical approach,the genes...Kanas is a National Nature Reserve and National 5A Scenic Area,and it is also high on China’s National Natural Heritage List. In this paper,with an integrated analysis and comparative geo-graphical approach,the genesis and current features of the Kanas landscape are analyzed systematically according to the criteria for outstanding universal values that must be met for designation by the United Nations as World Natural Heritage. It is concluded that Kanas has outstanding universal values in geosciences,biology and aesthetics. Through comparison with other World Natural Heritage sites of the same geological types,in the same biogeographic zone and in the same latitude,it is concluded that Kanas meets criteria vii,viii,ix and x for designation as World Natural Heritage. Thus,this work establishes a scientific foundation for nomination of Kanas for such a status.展开更多
In order to clarify the service function and value of forest ecosystem in Kanas Nature Reserve, the ecological service function and its value of forest ecosystem in Kanas Nature Reserve in 2009 and 2014 were evaluated...In order to clarify the service function and value of forest ecosystem in Kanas Nature Reserve, the ecological service function and its value of forest ecosystem in Kanas Nature Reserve in 2009 and 2014 were evaluated by using the method of Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China(LY/T 1721-2008). The results showed that in 2014, the total value of forest ecosystem service function in Kanas Nature Reserve increased by 7.34% compared with that in 2009, and the value of water conservation and biodiversity accounted for the largest proportion. The increasing rate of functional value of shrub forest land was obviously higher than that of coniferous forest land and broad-leaf forest land. The service function and value of different forest types were obviously different.展开更多
Based on the sub-forest management inventory, volume-derived biomass and mean biomass, carbon storage and its spatial distribution of forest vegetation in Kanas National Nature Reserve(hereinafter referred to as the R...Based on the sub-forest management inventory, volume-derived biomass and mean biomass, carbon storage and its spatial distribution of forest vegetation in Kanas National Nature Reserve(hereinafter referred to as the Reserve) were calculated. The results showed that carbon storage of forest vegetation in the Reserve was 3.004 7 Tg C, mean carbon density was 49.58 Mg C/hm^2; carbon storage of different vegetation types: forest land >shrubbery > open forest > scattered trees, among which carbon storage of forest land accounted for 90.18% of the total carbon storage of the forest vegetation, and mean carbon density of forest land was 68.87 Mg C/hm^2; in terms of regional distribution, spatial distribution of carbon storage and carbon density declined from southwest to northeast; in the Reserve, carbon storage of mature and over-mature forest stands accounted for 79.89% of carbon storage of forest land. If scientifi c management is applied, carbon sequestration capacity of forest will be improved.展开更多
Based on field surveys,typical sample-plot experiments,and long-term observation of ecological stations,the main species of trees in the Kanas Nature Reserve in Xinjiang were studied,and the value of their 7 kinds of ...Based on field surveys,typical sample-plot experiments,and long-term observation of ecological stations,the main species of trees in the Kanas Nature Reserve in Xinjiang were studied,and the value of their 7 kinds of services including water conservation,soil conservation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,accumulation of nutrients,air purification,biodiversity conservation,and forest recreation was evaluated in 2014.The results showed that:the total value of forest ecosystem services provided by the Kanas Nature Reserve in Xinjiang was 4.314 billion yuan/a,and the value of ecosystem services per unit area was 69,600 yuan/(hm^2·a).The value of forest ecosystem services were as follows:forest recreation(1,458,000,000 yuan/a) > water conservation(1,423,630,000 yuan/a) > biodiversity conservation(544,820,000 yuan/a) > carbon fixation and oxygen release(367,590,000 yuan/a) > air purification(258,830,000 yuan/a) > accumulation of nutrients(141,590,000 yuan/a) > soil conservation(119,270,000 yuan/a).According to the valuation of ecosystem services excluding forest recreation provided by 7 types of forests in the reserve,the value of ecosystem services per unit area of Pinus sibirica(Loud.) Mayr forest,Abies sibirica Ledeb.forest,Larix sibirica Ledeb.forest,Betula pendula Roth.forest,Populus davidiana Dode forest,shrubbery,and Picea obovata Ledeb.forest was 71,500,66,500,54,400,44,200,40,500,36,700,and 32,900 yuan/(hm^2·a),respectively.展开更多
Aims climate change can significantly affect the vegetation worldwide.thus,paleovegetation and paleoclimate reconstruction should consider the quantitative relationship between modern vegetation and climate.the specif...Aims climate change can significantly affect the vegetation worldwide.thus,paleovegetation and paleoclimate reconstruction should consider the quantitative relationship between modern vegetation and climate.the specific objectives of this study were(i)to assess the influence of environmental variables on pollen assemblages in the Kanas region,(ii)to reconstruct the evolution of vegetation over the past 3000 years using pollen records and(iii)to quantify historical climate change(including mean annual temperature and total annual precipitation)using a weighted averaging partial least squares regression method(WAPLS)applied to fossil pollen data from the Kanas wetland in Xinjiang,china.Methods A total of 65 surface and 50 fossil samples were collected from the Kanas wetland and analysed for 14c,pollen and grain size.By com-bining these data with those obtained from 214 samples of surface pollen assemblages in north Xinjiang,the late Holocene climate was reconstructed using a WAPLS model.Important Findingsthe vegetation in Kanas was dominated by forest for the past 3000 years,undergoing an arbour-vegetation transition from predominantly pine to spruce over that period.the WAPLS model showed that the paleoclimate progressed from cold-wet to warm-dry and subsequently back to cold-wet.Prior to 1350 calibrated years before the present(cal.yr BP),the climate of Kanas was cold and wet,and conditions became increasingly warm and dry until 870 cal.yr BP.the temperature reconstruction model indicated that a‘Little Ice Age’occurred~380 cal.yr BP.these data will help us improve the understanding of abrupt climate change and provide important information regarding the prediction of climate.展开更多
In order to study the chemical characteristics of snow-firn pack in Altai Mountains and its environmental significance, a 1.5-m deep snow-firn pack was dug in the accumulation zone （3 300 m a.s.I.） of the Kanas Glac...In order to study the chemical characteristics of snow-firn pack in Altai Mountains and its environmental significance, a 1.5-m deep snow-firn pack was dug in the accumulation zone （3 300 m a.s.I.） of the Kanas Glacier in August 2009. A total of 15 samples were analyzed for major ions. Results show that the concentrations of major ions in the snow-firn pack are NH4＋〉SO4 2-〉Ca2＋〉NO3＋〉 Na＋〉CI〉K＋〉Mg2＋. NH4＋ is the dominant cation with a medium value of 4.7 ueq-L-1, accounting for 39.8% of the total cations, and SO42- is the dominant anion, with a medium value of 4.0 ueq.L-I, which accounts for 33.9% of the total cations. Compared with Belukha Glacier （Altai）, Urumqi Glacier No. 1, and the Inilchek Glacier （Tienshan）, there is a lower ion concentrations in the Kanas snow-firn pack. Potential sources of these chemical species are explored using correlation and empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analyses. The analyses indicate that major ion concentrations （except NH4＋） originate from crustal dust. Backward trajectory analysis was applied to get the origin of the air mass to Kanas Glacier. The results suggest that air pollutants emitted by forest fires in Siberia could be transported and influence the NH4＋, NO3, and SO42 concentrations on the Kanas Glacier.展开更多
基金funded by the Project of Science and Tech-nology Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (200933128)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40671057)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists (2009S1-35)
文摘Kanas is a National Nature Reserve and National 5A Scenic Area,and it is also high on China’s National Natural Heritage List. In this paper,with an integrated analysis and comparative geo-graphical approach,the genesis and current features of the Kanas landscape are analyzed systematically according to the criteria for outstanding universal values that must be met for designation by the United Nations as World Natural Heritage. It is concluded that Kanas has outstanding universal values in geosciences,biology and aesthetics. Through comparison with other World Natural Heritage sites of the same geological types,in the same biogeographic zone and in the same latitude,it is concluded that Kanas meets criteria vii,viii,ix and x for designation as World Natural Heritage. Thus,this work establishes a scientific foundation for nomination of Kanas for such a status.
基金Sponsored by Monitoring and Assessment of Forestry Ecological Service Function in Xinjiang(xjlk(2013)001)Open Fund of Forest Ecosystem Positioning Research Station in Altai mountain,Xinjiang
文摘In order to clarify the service function and value of forest ecosystem in Kanas Nature Reserve, the ecological service function and its value of forest ecosystem in Kanas Nature Reserve in 2009 and 2014 were evaluated by using the method of Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services in China(LY/T 1721-2008). The results showed that in 2014, the total value of forest ecosystem service function in Kanas Nature Reserve increased by 7.34% compared with that in 2009, and the value of water conservation and biodiversity accounted for the largest proportion. The increasing rate of functional value of shrub forest land was obviously higher than that of coniferous forest land and broad-leaf forest land. The service function and value of different forest types were obviously different.
基金Sponsored by"Twelfth Five-year Plan"of National Science&Technology Support Program in Rural Areas(2012BAD22B0301)Xinjiang Science & Technology Program(xjlk(2013)001)Open Fund of Xinjiang Aertai Mountain Forest Ecosystem Positioning Research Station
文摘Based on the sub-forest management inventory, volume-derived biomass and mean biomass, carbon storage and its spatial distribution of forest vegetation in Kanas National Nature Reserve(hereinafter referred to as the Reserve) were calculated. The results showed that carbon storage of forest vegetation in the Reserve was 3.004 7 Tg C, mean carbon density was 49.58 Mg C/hm^2; carbon storage of different vegetation types: forest land >shrubbery > open forest > scattered trees, among which carbon storage of forest land accounted for 90.18% of the total carbon storage of the forest vegetation, and mean carbon density of forest land was 68.87 Mg C/hm^2; in terms of regional distribution, spatial distribution of carbon storage and carbon density declined from southwest to northeast; in the Reserve, carbon storage of mature and over-mature forest stands accounted for 79.89% of carbon storage of forest land. If scientifi c management is applied, carbon sequestration capacity of forest will be improved.
基金Sponsored by Monitoring and Evaluation of Xinjiang Forestry Ecosystem Service(xjlk[2013]No.001)Open Fund of Xinjiang Altai Mountains Forest Ecosystem Research Station
文摘Based on field surveys,typical sample-plot experiments,and long-term observation of ecological stations,the main species of trees in the Kanas Nature Reserve in Xinjiang were studied,and the value of their 7 kinds of services including water conservation,soil conservation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,accumulation of nutrients,air purification,biodiversity conservation,and forest recreation was evaluated in 2014.The results showed that:the total value of forest ecosystem services provided by the Kanas Nature Reserve in Xinjiang was 4.314 billion yuan/a,and the value of ecosystem services per unit area was 69,600 yuan/(hm^2·a).The value of forest ecosystem services were as follows:forest recreation(1,458,000,000 yuan/a) > water conservation(1,423,630,000 yuan/a) > biodiversity conservation(544,820,000 yuan/a) > carbon fixation and oxygen release(367,590,000 yuan/a) > air purification(258,830,000 yuan/a) > accumulation of nutrients(141,590,000 yuan/a) > soil conservation(119,270,000 yuan/a).According to the valuation of ecosystem services excluding forest recreation provided by 7 types of forests in the reserve,the value of ecosystem services per unit area of Pinus sibirica(Loud.) Mayr forest,Abies sibirica Ledeb.forest,Larix sibirica Ledeb.forest,Betula pendula Roth.forest,Populus davidiana Dode forest,shrubbery,and Picea obovata Ledeb.forest was 71,500,66,500,54,400,44,200,40,500,36,700,and 32,900 yuan/(hm^2·a),respectively.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41572331)Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(YYWF201627)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19050103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41272386).
文摘Aims climate change can significantly affect the vegetation worldwide.thus,paleovegetation and paleoclimate reconstruction should consider the quantitative relationship between modern vegetation and climate.the specific objectives of this study were(i)to assess the influence of environmental variables on pollen assemblages in the Kanas region,(ii)to reconstruct the evolution of vegetation over the past 3000 years using pollen records and(iii)to quantify historical climate change(including mean annual temperature and total annual precipitation)using a weighted averaging partial least squares regression method(WAPLS)applied to fossil pollen data from the Kanas wetland in Xinjiang,china.Methods A total of 65 surface and 50 fossil samples were collected from the Kanas wetland and analysed for 14c,pollen and grain size.By com-bining these data with those obtained from 214 samples of surface pollen assemblages in north Xinjiang,the late Holocene climate was reconstructed using a WAPLS model.Important Findingsthe vegetation in Kanas was dominated by forest for the past 3000 years,undergoing an arbour-vegetation transition from predominantly pine to spruce over that period.the WAPLS model showed that the paleoclimate progressed from cold-wet to warm-dry and subsequently back to cold-wet.Prior to 1350 calibrated years before the present(cal.yr BP),the climate of Kanas was cold and wet,and conditions became increasingly warm and dry until 870 cal.yr BP.the temperature reconstruction model indicated that a‘Little Ice Age’occurred~380 cal.yr BP.these data will help us improve the understanding of abrupt climate change and provide important information regarding the prediction of climate.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-EW-311)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB951003)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91025012, 111141001, J0930003/J0109)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-10-0019)the SKLCS founding (No. SKLCS-ZZ-2010-04)
文摘In order to study the chemical characteristics of snow-firn pack in Altai Mountains and its environmental significance, a 1.5-m deep snow-firn pack was dug in the accumulation zone （3 300 m a.s.I.） of the Kanas Glacier in August 2009. A total of 15 samples were analyzed for major ions. Results show that the concentrations of major ions in the snow-firn pack are NH4＋〉SO4 2-〉Ca2＋〉NO3＋〉 Na＋〉CI〉K＋〉Mg2＋. NH4＋ is the dominant cation with a medium value of 4.7 ueq-L-1, accounting for 39.8% of the total cations, and SO42- is the dominant anion, with a medium value of 4.0 ueq.L-I, which accounts for 33.9% of the total cations. Compared with Belukha Glacier （Altai）, Urumqi Glacier No. 1, and the Inilchek Glacier （Tienshan）, there is a lower ion concentrations in the Kanas snow-firn pack. Potential sources of these chemical species are explored using correlation and empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analyses. The analyses indicate that major ion concentrations （except NH4＋） originate from crustal dust. Backward trajectory analysis was applied to get the origin of the air mass to Kanas Glacier. The results suggest that air pollutants emitted by forest fires in Siberia could be transported and influence the NH4＋, NO3, and SO42 concentrations on the Kanas Glacier.
