Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn Deposits in Southwest Sanjiang Tethys and Kangdian Area on the Western Margin of Yangtze Craton

The western margin of Yangtze Craton is known as a significant sediment-hosted base-metal aggregate cluster,especially for Pb-Zn deposits in China,e.g.Jinding,Daliangzi,Tianbaoshan, Kuangshanchang and Qinlinchang deposits.In comparison with the classic MVT deposits in the world, based on the basic geology of the sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits,this paper focuses on temporal-spatial distribution of this deposit to further discuss its large scale mineralization and tectonic evolution history.In the SW Sanjiang Thethys,Jinding deposit is typically thrust fault-controlled and hosted mainly in the sandstones and breccia-bearing sandstones,whereas MVT-type deposits are controlled by lithology and faulting/fracturing with a strong preference for carbonate-hosted rocks.Most importantly,Jinding Pb-Zn deposit differs from the other types of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in which it was formed in a strongly deformed foreland basin within a continental collision zone.In the Kangdian area,the sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits were formed in the extensional basin on the side of the continental orogenic belt along the Yangtze Craton.Compared with classic MVT deposits,the Pb-Zn deposits in the Kangdian area belong to MVT deposits.This paper is significant not only for interpretation of the genesis of sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits but also for exploiting large base metal deposits in large sedimentary target areas.

Origin of Ore-Forming Fluids of Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) Pb-Zn Deposits in Kangdian Area, China

Analyses of fluid\|inclusion leachates from ore deposits show that Na/Br ratios are within the range of 75-358 and Cl/Br 67-394, respectively, and this variation trend coincides with the seawater evaporation trajectory on the basis of the Na/Br and Cl/Br ratios. The average Cl/Br and Na/Br ratios of mineralizing fluids are 185 and 173 respectively, which are very close to the ratios (120 and 233) of the residual evaporated seawater past the point of halite precipitation. It is suggested that the original mineralizing brine was derived from highly evaporated seawater with a high salinity. However, the inclusion fluids have absolute Na values of \{69.9\}-\{2606.2\} mmol kg\+\{-1\} and Cl values of \{106.7\}-\{1995.5\} mmol kg\+\{-1\}. Most of the values are much less than those of seawater: Na, 485 mmol kg\+\{-1\} and Cl, 566 mmol kg\+\{-1\}, respectively; the salinity measured from fluid inclusions of the deposits ranges from \{2.47 wt%\} to \{15.78 wt%\} NaCl equiv. The mineralizing brine has been diluted. The \{δ\{\}\+\{18\}O\} and δD values of ore\|forming fluids vary from \{-8.21‰\} to \{9.51‰\} and from \{-40.3‰\} to \{-94.3‰\}, respectively. The δD values of meteoric water in this region varied from \{-80‰\} to \{-100‰\} during the Jurassic. This evidenced that the ore\|forming fluids are the mixture of seawater and meteoric water. Highly evaporated seawater was responsible for leaching and extracting Pb, Zn and Fe, and mixed with and diluted by descending meteoric water, which resulted in the formation of ores.

Emanation-Sedimentary Metallogenic Series and Models of the Proterozoic Rift in the Kangdian Axis

The Kangdian axis basement can be divided into two tectonic layers. The lower tectonic layer is the crystalline basement which is made up of the Archaean Dibadu Formation and early Proterozoic Dahongshan Group. The former is a kata-metamorphic basic volcano-sedimentary formation of the old geosyncline (old continental nucleus), and the latter is a medium-grade metamorphosed alkali-rich basic volcanic (emanation)-sedimentary formation of the Yuanjiang-Dahongshan marginal rift. They are in disconformable contact. The upper tectonic layer is the folded basement, and made up of the middle-late Proterozoic Kunyang Group. It is the result of Dongchuan-Yuanjiang intercontinental rifting with discordant contract with the underlying and overlying strata. Along with the evolution of Proterozoic from early to late, four types of emanation-sedimentary deposits in the Kangdian axis rift were formed in turn: emanation-sedimentary iron-copper-gold deposits related to basic volcanic rocks in the Yuanmou-Dahongshan marginal rift; emanation-sedimentary iron-copper deposits related to intermediate-basic volcanic rocks in the early stage of the Dongnchuan-Yuanjiang intercontinental rift; emanation-sedimentary copper deposits related to sedimentary rocks in the middle stage; copper deposits related to the late tectonic reworking. From early to late Proterozoic, with the evolution of the Kangdian axis rift and lowering volcanic basicity, the ore-forming elements also evolved from Fe, Cu and (Au) through Cu and Fe to Cu.

Metallogenic Regularity of Hydrothermal Uranium Deposits in the Migmatite of the Kangdian Axis

1 Introduction The Kangdian axis is an important polymetallic metallogenic belt in Southwest China,and it is also an area with a lot of hydrothermal uranium mineralization(Wang Hongjun,et al.,2009.The basic

Re-Os Dating of Chalcopyrite from the Lala IOCG Deposit in the Kangdian Copper Belt,China

This study focused on the typical Precambrian copper- iron-gold-uranium deposits in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze block, such as the Lala in Huili, Dahongshan in Xinping, Yinachang in Wuding, and Chahe in Yuanjiang. Through systematically sampling of rocks, mineral and single mineral samples, this study discussed the continental geodynamics, age of magmatic rocks and metallogenic epoch, coupling relationship between polymetallic elements and ore-forming fluid, and the coupling relationship between magma evolution and polymetallic mineralization based on the latest metallogenic theory and modern analytical techniques.

荥经-峨眉地区上三叠统物源变化及对扬子板块西缘构造活动的启示

碎屑岩物源研究是当今地质学研究的热点,利用多种物源研究方法可以全面揭示碎屑岩的源岩信息,揭示源区构造古地理格局的变化。三叠纪期间,扬子板块西缘由被动大陆边缘转变为挤压构造带,引起了显著的古地理格局和沉积体系的变化,但目前对这一转变过程仍缺乏研究。本文综合利用砂岩颗粒成分统计、电子探针测试重矿物成分和碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄方法,研究了荥经-峨眉地区上三叠统碎屑岩物源转变时间,并结合其他地区物源研究探讨了扬子板块西南缘的物源变化过程。结果显示,上三叠统马鞍塘组的砂岩主要由石英和长石组成;电气石主要来自贫锂的花岗岩类和相关伟晶岩、细晶岩,其次来自富铝贫钙变质碎屑岩;铬尖晶石来自具有洋岛和大火成岩省背景的基性-超基性火山岩;碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的主要分布在730~850Ma范围内。上三叠统须家河组的砂岩由石英、岩屑和长石组成,具有再旋回造山带物源;电气石大部分来自富铝贫钙、贫铝贫钙的变质碎屑岩,小部分来自贫锂的花岗岩类和相关伟晶岩、细晶岩;铬尖晶石主要来自具岛弧背景的橄榄岩;碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要分布在200~300Ma、400~500Ma、650~850Ma、1750~1950Ma和2400~2600Ma年龄段。综合分析表明,马鞍塘组的物源为康滇构造带的新元古代花岗质结晶基底,并包含少量新元古代中酸性火山岩、变质碎屑岩和二叠纪基性-超基性火山岩;须家河组的物源包括松潘-甘孜褶皱带的三叠系浊积岩、花岗岩类以及龙门山断裂带的上古生界碎屑岩与新元古界基底。马鞍塘组与须家河组之间的物源转变,表明扬子板块西缘的松潘-甘孜褶皱带和龙门山断裂带取代康滇构造带成为新的地貌高部位和主要剥蚀区,这一古地理格局的转变发生于马鞍塘组沉积之后,即晚三叠世的卡尼期与诺利期之间或诺利期期间。

Rifting cycle and storeyed texture of copper deposits and their geochemical evolution in Kangdian region

Along with the evolution of the earth crust, in the south of Kangdian Axis the polycyclic rifting occurred: Ptd-Ptk, Jinshajiang continental margin sea type aulacogen, Ptk2Dongchuan-Yimen intercontinental aulacogen, Z Chengjiang postorogenic rift and T3-E1 Kangdian continental rift. In these rifts respectively produced Dahongshan-Lala type volcanic-sedimentary-metamorphosed/hydrothermal sedimentary Cu-Fe deposits. Dongchuan-Yimen type, Lanniping type and Dayao-Mouding type sedimentary-reworked copper deposits, which form the storeyed texture whose geochemistry of the trace elements, isotopes of S, Pb, H, O, C. ore-forming fluid and organic matter were regularly evolved with the crust evolution.

Opening time and filling pattern of the Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin,western Yangtze Continent,South China

The Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin is a continental rift basin in the western Yangtze Continent.Determining its time of opening and subsequent filling pattern is an important aspect of understanding the formation and evolution of the Yangtze Continent,South China.The Luliang Formation is the early filling in the eastern part of this rift basin,and its deposition age and filling sequence are significant for studies of the regional stratigraphic correlation,opening time,and filling pattern of this basin.Having been correlated to the upper part of the Mesoproterozoic Kunyang Group or to the Neoproterozoic Chengjiang Formation,the age and regional stratigraphic correlation of the Luliang Formation have long been uncertain.This is due to a lack of reliable absolute age constraints.To address this issue,the first zircon SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology has been established for this formation,yielding two high-precision isotopic ages of 818.6±9.2 and 805±14 Ma for the tuff layers at the bottoms of the lower and upper members of the Luliang Formation,respectively.Given the error factor,the bottom age of the lower member of the Luliang Formation can be interpreted as ca.820 Ma,corresponding to the bottom age of the lower part of the Banxi Group,which is the early filling of the Neoproterozoic Xianggui Rift Basin,a representative basin of the Neoproterozoic rift basins in the Yangtze Continent,South China.The bottom age of the upper member of the Luliang Formation can be interpreted as ca.800±5 Ma,corresponding to the bottom age of the Chengjiang Formation in the western part of the Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin and also corresponding to the bottom age of the upper part of the Banxi Group in the Neoproterozoic Xianggui Rift Basin.These ages indicate that the Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin shares the same opening time and filling sequences as those of the other Neoproterozoic rift basins in South China.Basin analysis shows that the Neoproterozoic Kangdian Rift Basin is a typical half-graben basin,with its main boundary fault in the west and basin center in the east.This basin consisted of mini unidirectional half-graben basins in its juvenile stage and simplified to become a large united half-graben basin in its mature stage,i.e.,a supradetachment basin.

Genesis and district mineralization model of lead-zinc deposits from the eastern margin of Kangdian axis

SITUATED on the eastern margin of Kangdian axis the lead-zinc mineral belt is an important mineral occur- rence of lead-zinc in southwestern China. It is 1 200 km in length from Kangding in Sichuan Province tonortheastern Yunnan Province, and 500 km in width from west to east. There are four large deposits,fourteen middle deposits and many small deposits or mineralized spots. Famous large deposits such as Doliangzi, Tianbaoshan, Chipu and Kuangshanchang are distributed in this belt. 1 Geological setting There are many mineral-bearing strata in carbonate-hosted lead-zinc deposits of this mineral belt,such as Dengying formation （Zbdn）, Longwangmiao formation （2 l） Erdaoshui formation （ 3 e ）,Daqing formation（O2 d ）, Daguan formation （S2d ）, the lower Devonian and Baizuo formation （ C1 b）.

下寒武统黑色页岩金属富集机理与小行星撞击

扬子地台寒武系下统存在富含V、Ni、Mo和铂族元素(platinum group element, PGE)等的黑色页岩,局部地区有U或者Ba、Hg、As等的富集,研究这些元素富集机理有利于寻找相关矿产或者探究地质事件。6 500万年前的小行星撞击地球产生了高PGE含量的地层或者化石,依据这一事实和陨石的特征及其他地质地球化学证据,推断下寒武统黑色页岩中Ni-Mo-PGE富集是陨石撞击结果,PGE中的Ir、Os富集最明显是因为二者最抗淋滤。U在康滇地轴东侧黑色页岩中最高可达480×10^(-6),因康滇地轴本身就存在混合型铀矿,推测黑色页岩中U来自它的风化。据V和Ba-Hg-As等的地化特性,认为V富集是受生物活动影响,但因V易于在热泉水中富集,故寒武纪早期泛非运动的构造-热事件可导致V富集成矿,Ba、Hg、As也因该事件产生构造裂隙后,它们优先随热液沿裂隙上升富集,并在海底局部成矿。此外,5.65亿年前的埃迪卡拉动物群发生地基本上就是5.8亿年前小行星撞击地点,提出此次行星撞击可能与埃迪卡拉生物群出现存在因果关系。由于在中国存在寒武纪澄江生物群大爆发事件,推测该次生物大爆发之前存在的下寒武统黑色页岩也存在陨石撞击痕迹。寒武系下统的含岩屑细砂岩夹黑色页岩甚至砾岩,反映了黑色页岩沉积时存在的突变沉积环境,加上其他地球化学特征也支持小行星撞击说。

康滇隆起东缘上三叠统页岩气有利区优选

基于康滇隆起东缘西昌盆地上三叠统大量露头剖面、钻井和测试资料综合分析,评价了西昌盆地米市拗陷及周缘白果湾组富有机质页岩的主要指标,进行页岩气选区评价。西昌盆地白果湾组第一至第四段均发育湖相或沼泽相富有机质页岩,其中,果湾组二段下部厚度一般为40~89m,果湾组三段下部厚度最大可达251 m。白果湾组页岩平均有机碳为1.0%~1.6%,干酪根有机碳同位素为-26.2‰~-23.2‰,有机质类型为Ⅱ_(2)-Ⅲ型,米市拗陷东部R。为1.1%~3.0%,演化程度适中。通过对比不同地区陆相页岩的各项指标,发现有机质含量、热演化程度是研究区页岩气形成的重要因素。采用成因法估算白果组页岩含气量为1.0∼1.5 m^(3)/t,利用多因素叠合法分段优选了页岩气有利区,分区评价了页岩气资源量,西昌盆地白果湾组有利区页岩气资源量共7106×10^(8)m^(3),其中,白果湾组三段最有利,资源量为3094×10^(8)m^(3)。米市拗陷东部的特尔果和七里坝等有利区有望实现新区新层系的页岩气发现。

Metallogenic Age and Ore-forming Material Sources of the Dahongshan Fe-Cu Deposit,Yunnan Province:Insights from Molybdenite Re-Os Dating and H-O-S-Pb Isotopes

The Dahongshan Fe-Cu(-Au)deposit is a superlarge deposit in the Kangdian metallogenic belt,southwestern China,comprising approximately 458 Mt of Fe ores(40%Fe)and 1.35 Mt Cu.Two main types of Fe-Cu(-Au)mineralization are present in the Dahongshan deposit:(1)early submarine volcanic exhalation and sedimentary mineralization characterized by strata-bound fine-grained magnetite and banded Fe-Cu sulfide(pyrite and chalcopyrite)hosted in the Na-rich metavolcanic rocks;(2)late hydrothermal(-vein)type mineralization characterized by Fe-Cu sulfide veins in the hosted strata or massive coarse-grained magnetite orebodies controlled by faults.While previous studies have focused primarily on the early submarine volcanic and sedimentary mineralization of the deposit,data related to late hydrothermal mineralization is lacking.In order to establish the metallogenic age and ore-forming material source of the late hydrothermal(-vein)type mineralization,this paper reports the Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the late hydrothermal vein Fe-Cu orebody and H,O,S,and Pb isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal quartz-sulfide veins.The primary aim of this study was to establish the metallogenic age and ore-forming material source of the hydrothermal type orebody.Results show that the molybdenite separated from quartz-sulfide veins has a Re-Os isochron age of 831±11 Ma,indicating that the Dahongshan Fe-Cu deposit experienced hydrothermal superimposed mineralization in Neoproterozoic.The molybdenite has a Re concentration of 99.7-382.4 ppm,indicating that the Re of the hydrothermal vein ores were primarily derived from the mantle.The δ^(34)S values of sulfides from the hydrothermal ores are 2‰-8‰ showing multi-peak tower distribution,suggesting that S in the ore-forming period was primarily derived from magma and partially from calcareous sedimentary rock.Furthermore,the abundance of radioactive Pb increased significantly from ore-bearing strata to layered and hydrothermal vein ores,which may be related to the later hydrothermal transformation.The composition of H and O isotopes within the hydrothermal quartz indicates that the ore-forming fluid is a mixture of magmatic water and a small quantity of water.These results further indicate that the late hydrothermal orebodies were formed by the Neoproterozoic magmatic hydrothermal event,which might be related to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.Mantle derived magmatic hydrothermal fluid extracted ore-forming materials from the metavolcanic rocks of Dahongshan Group and formed the hydrothermal(-vein)type Fe-Cu orebodies by filling and metasomatism.

四川拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金-铀矿床的铀成矿时代与成矿环境

位于扬子地块西南缘康滇地轴的拉拉矿床是我国典型的铁氧化物-铜-金-铀(IOCG)矿床。该矿床主要产出铁铜矿石,并共(伴)生有一定规模的铀矿化。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,综合利用微区X射线荧光光谱法(μ-XRF)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)等测试技术,针对拉拉矿床中的铀矿化开展了详细的矿相学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究,并进一步探讨了铀成矿构造背景和成矿环境。研究表明,晶质铀矿、钛铀矿和铀石是拉拉矿床中主要的铀矿物,晶质铀矿同时产于铁铜矿石和铀矿化样品中,但钛铀矿和铀石仅产于铀矿化样品中。晶质铀矿主要呈立方体晶形产出,具有高U、Pb和Y,低Th、Ca、Si、Ti和P的地球化学组成,属于低钍晶质铀矿。U-Pb同位素定年表明拉拉矿床发育两期铀矿化,早期铀矿化产于铁铜矿石中,形成年龄为990±4 Ma,与早期铁铜矿化(~1.05 Ga)同步,晚期为后期叠加的热液铀矿化,以晶质铀矿-方解石-萤石脉的形式穿插于铁铜矿石中,形成年龄为~850 Ma,与晚期铁铜矿化(~850 Ma)同步,早晚两期矿化分别形成于大陆裂谷环环境和活动大陆边缘的岛弧背景下。综合前人研究资料,本文认为早晚两期铀矿化均形成于高温热液环境中,早期矿化的形成可能与非岩浆流体(如大气降水)的加入有关,而晚期矿化的形成与区域变质作用有关。

云南武定迤纳厂铁-铜-金-稀土矿床成矿流体与成矿作用

武定迤纳厂铁-铜-金-稀土矿位于我国云南省中部,在大地位置上处于扬子板块西缘,康滇地轴云南段。其铁-稀土矿体主要以似层状、浸染状产出,铜金矿体以脉状、块状产于角砾岩内部和铁-稀土矿体内。根据围岩蚀变、矿物组合和矿化特征的差异,将其矿化作用划分为矿化前期、主矿化期和矿化后期三个成矿期,其中主成矿期又分为铁氧化物-稀土矿化阶段和硫化物-金矿化阶段。流体包裹体岩相学特征、成分特征、同位素特征等研究表明,矿化前期为富含碱质和挥发分的高氧化性岩浆,具有高温(500～600℃)高压(150～200MPa)的特点并发生了流体不混熔,从而分离出高温高钠的岩浆热液,与围岩发生钠化反应后富铁;主矿化期铁氧化物-稀土矿化阶段流体为中高温(170～550℃)中高压(75～155MPa),与围岩碳酸岩发生降压交代反应,导致铁质和稀土沉淀,并使碳酸岩脱水而演化为变质热液。主矿化期硫化物-金矿化阶段流体由岩浆热液变为变质热液,并与大气降水发生混合作用(均一温度120～360℃,压力31～112MPa),导致pH、Eh、fO2、fS等物理化学条件发生变化,流体中的铜、金不再以络合物的形式稳定与流体中,从而发生沉淀。至矿化后期,主要流体转化为单一低温(95～270℃)、低盐度(1.0%～17.9%NaCleqv)的低温大气降水,矿化结束。武定迤纳厂铁-铜-金-稀土矿在具有铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG型)矿床的成矿环境、矿体特征、矿物组合、蚀变特征以及包裹体特征和流体演化成矿过程,属于滇中地区代表性IOCG矿床,具有重要的成矿理论和区域找矿意义。

康滇地轴巨粒晶质铀矿的发现及其地质意义

康滇地轴米易海塔地区富晶质铀矿石英脉产于晚元古代受混合岩化作用影响的五马箐组黑云斜长片岩中,受韧-脆性断裂构造裂隙带控制。晶质铀矿呈黑色,半金属光泽;晶形完好,以立方体与八面体聚形及菱形十二面体为主,少量呈立方体;粒径大多0.5cm左右,最大可达1cm以上。共生矿物组合为石英-晶质铀矿-榍石-辉钼矿组合。研究认为,晶质铀矿形成于温度压力较高及深度较大的地质环境,是高温偏酸性流体在温度缓慢下降的强还原条件下结晶而成的。康滇地轴具有形成高强度铀矿化的地质背景和成矿条件,在康滇地轴混合岩地区最有前景的铀矿类型应为受韧-脆性构造控制的中高温热液脉型矿化。

复杂山地环境下气候要素的空间插值方法比较研究

复杂山地环境下气候要素的空间插值长期以来是地理科学研究的一大热点和难点问题.该文以中国康滇区为研究区域,以康滇区基准气象站点的分布图和1km精度的数字高程模型为实验数据,借助传统的普通克里格法和反距离加权法以及将海拔高程引为变量的薄板光顺样条插值方法,对多年月平均温度和降水量进行空间插值方法的比较研究.结果表明,康滇区温度的空间分布呈现出明显的地带差异,而降水量的空间分布没有明显的地带差异;均方根误差等统计指标评价薄板光顺样条插值方法的插值精度最高.与普通克里格法和反距离加权法相比,薄板光顺样条插值方法更适宜用于复杂山地环境下气候要素的空间插值.

华南地块西南缘格林威尔期区域构造解析

从构造变形的角度入手,通过观察华南地块西南缘前震旦纪各岩石单元野外露头上的变形特征,运用构造解析方法,识别出不同期次变形构造的形态和位态特征及其在空间上的组合关系,划分变形构造的世代,结合近年来年代学研究成果,确定不同期次变形构造形成时代。研究表明,在华南地块西缘基底岩石单元中,发育格林威尔期的变形构造,其构造形迹东西向展布,该期构造变形的强度,在康滇地区各岩石单元中具有不均匀性,在野外露头上见到的格林威尔期小型紧闭、倒转褶皱主要分布在攀枝花周边的基底岩石单元中,而其南部的滇中地区,同期的褶皱构造相对较弱。根据格林威尔期构造位态特征,推断形成该期变形构造的构造运动方向为南北向的挤压运动。

康滇地区元古宙构造运动Ⅰ:昆阳陆内裂谷、地幔柱及其成矿作用

康滇地区是我国南方元古宙基底出露最为广泛的地区,元古宙岩浆活动频繁、成矿作用明显,是研究扬子陆块早期演化的重要窗口,也是近年研究的热点,元古宙地质演化过程争议较大。本文系统总结了发生在古元古代晚期—中元古代早期的重要构造—岩浆—成矿事件,即昆阳裂谷。昆阳裂谷前的基底为分布在东川和滇中地区少量的古元古代早期的汤丹群,其构造变形较东川群更强烈,可能与>1800 Ma的东川运动有关。昆阳裂谷期的岩浆岩系统主体为出露在东川—会理—滇中地区基性侵入岩,其次为少量的超基性岩、变质基性火山岩和中酸性侵入岩体,具有双峰式岩浆岩组合的特征。岩浆岩的年龄为1800 Ma^1450 Ma,集中分布在1750Ma^1650 Ma,反映了昆阳裂谷持续了约400 Ma,高峰期持续将近100 Ma。昆阳裂谷期基性岩浆岩的地球化学显示为典型陆内裂谷玄武岩的地球化学性质,其中滇中武定地区辉绿岩和会理拉拉地区的变质基性火山岩还具有典型洋岛玄武岩的特征,如富碱、高TiO_2、P_2O_5、低CaO/TiO_2、Al_2O_3/TiO_2比值,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素不亏损,以及有较高的[n(^(87)Sr)/n(^(86)Sr)]_i初始比值以及较高的ε_(Nd)(t)值。根据区内岩浆岩组合及地球化学特征,我们提出在古元古代晚期至中元古代早期,康滇地区发生了一次由地幔柱活动引起的陆内裂谷拉张事件,即昆阳地幔柱。昆阳陆内裂谷在1450 Ma前后在会理—东川一线发展成为了局限小洋盆,并在中元古代晚期关闭。昆阳裂谷的沉积岩系统主体为东川群、河口群和大红山群,并可能延伸到了康滇北部的里伍岩群,上述地层中火山岩、凝灰岩锆石的U-Pb年龄集中在1800Ma^1500 Ma,不同岩群岩性组合差异可能与所处构造部位有关,并导致沉积相的差异。昆阳裂谷也是一次重要的成矿事件,其形成的矿床可分为两个系列,以因民组、落雪组等沉积岩中为主的层状铜矿床(Sediment-hosted Stratiform Copper,SSC系列),主要有汤丹铜矿、落雪铜矿、狮子山铜矿、铜厂铜矿等,原生沉积型铜矿的成矿时代为约1750 Ma;其次为与昆阳裂谷期岩浆热液活动紧密相关的铁氧化物铜金矿床(Iron—Oxide—Copper—Gold,IOCG系列),主要有拉拉铁铜矿床、大红山铁铜矿床、稀矿山铁铜矿床、迤纳厂铁铜矿床等,研究程度较高的迤纳厂、稀矿山以及鹅头厂等铁铜矿床的时代集中在1700 Ma^1450 Ma。昆阳期剧烈的岩浆活动、大规模的铁、铜成矿作用以及成矿物质来源、动力学机制可能均与昆阳地幔柱活动紧密相关。

康滇地轴东缘典型铅锌矿床伴生分散元素镉锗镓赋存状态与富集规律研究

分散元素在自然界含量很低,以分散状态存在,很少形成独立矿物和独立矿床,因此对矿床中伴生分散元素研究有重要的理论和现实意义。本次工作通过解剖康滇地轴东缘典型铅锌矿床——四川天宝山、四川大梁子和云南会泽,利用常规显微镜观察、电子探针分析和等离子质谱分析手段,分析研究了矿床中矿物和矿石中的分散元素镉锗镓赋存状态和富集规律,总结了分散元素镉锗镓的空间分布规律:由西向东,即自天宝山到大梁子到会泽,分散元素镉锗镓的含量有富镉-富镉镓-富锗的变化规律。

云南元谋县黄瓜园花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年和岩石地球化学及其地质意义

康滇地区是我国南方元古宇地层集中出露的地区,元古宙岩浆活动频繁,是研究扬子陆块早期地质构造演化的窗口,也是最近研究的热点。近年本项目组在南北走向的元谋-绿汁江深大断裂北部、云南元谋县黄瓜园地区识别出了中元古代晚期的片麻状花岗岩。花岗岩锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为1069.4±6.9Ma(MSWD=0.47,n=18)。岩石化学表现为较高的SiO_2(平均值高达72.79%)和中等Na_2O+K_2O(平均为6.62%),低TiO_2(平均0.26%)、低CaO(平均0.79%)、低MgO(平均0.52%,Mg#平均值22.13)和高Al_2O_3(平均12.84%,A/CNK平均值为1.33)含量,总体表现为亚碱性花岗岩的特征。微量元素分析显示稀土元素总量(∑REE)为132.96×10^(-6)~278.72×10^(-6),平均237.00×10^(-6),稀土配分曲线明显呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特点;δEu在0.38~0.49之间;微量元素配模式明显亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、Sr、P和Ti,相对富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素和La、Zr、Hf、Y等元素。岩石地球化学特征显示本区花岗岩属于A2亚类,可能源于下地壳基性岩部分熔融,为板块碰撞后伸展构造背景下的产物。花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学特征表明在中元古代末期,康滇地区除了发生过南北向的块体汇聚外,可能还可能发生过较大规模东西向的汇聚过程,为全球性格林威尔造山运动的组成部分。此外,该区花岗岩的时代与邻近拉拉IOCG矿床中辉钼矿的Re-0s年龄高度一致,表明拉拉铜铁矿床成矿物质的最终定位富集与中元古代晚期康滇地区微陆块东西方向汇聚后的伸展运动密切相关。