Characteristics Studies on Kazak Place Names in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture

This paper focuses on characteristics studies of Kazak place names in Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture based on Univer-sal Principles of Tendencies proposed by the Polish linguist Witold Manczak.Through careful and thorough study,this paper foundthat because of different traditional lifestyles and different political strategies through different historical periods,this paper provedthat the Kazaks as the nomads were proficient in observing the environmental conditions,and made full use of them to name places.

Coalition of DNA polymorphisms of ApoB and ApoAI genes is related with coronary artery disease in Kazaks

Objective To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of XbaI and MspI loci of apolipoprotein B （ApoB） gene and -75 bp,＋83 bp loci of apolipoprotein AI （ApoAI） gene and coronary heart disease （CHD） in Kazaks of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China.Methods These loci were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-PFLP）.Two hundred and five patients with CHD and two hundred and thirty six controls were involved.Results There were significant distinctions among low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）,triglyceride （TG） and the ApoAI/ApoB ratio between the two groups,but no significant distinction among the polymorphism frequencies of the four sites between the two groups.The polymorphism coalition frequency of X-/Ms＋＋/M1＋-/M2＋＋ （named Coalition 11） was significantly higher in CHD compared to the control group （14.6％ vs.7.2％,P ＜ 0.05）.The level of total cholesterol （TC） in Coalition 1 1 was significantly higher and the level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio in Coalition 11 was significantly lower than Coalition 1～10 in CHD patients.The level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 11 was significantly lower than the Coalition 1～10 in control group.The levels of ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 3 were significantly higher compared to Coalition 11 in the two groups,respectively.The level of LDL-C of Coalition 3 was significantly lower than in the Coalition 11 in control group.The level of TC of Coalition 5 was significantly higher than Coalition 3 in the CHD group.The level of the ApoAI/ApoB ratio of Coalition 5 was significantly lower than in Coalition 3 or Coalition 1～10 of the two groups,respectively.The level of LDL-C of Coalition 5 was significantly higher than in Coalition 3 in control group.The ratio of ApoAI/ApoB was negatively related to TC,LDL-C and was positively related to HDL-C,both in CHD and control groups.Conclusion Coalition 11 of the 4 loci polymorphisms of the ApoB and ApoAI genes was correlated with CHD in Kazaks,and perhaps the ratio of ApoAI/ApoB was the most diagnostic parameter related with CHD among all lipid parameters.CHD may also be associated with Coalition 5,and,perhaps,Coalition 3 may have been confirmed as a protection factor against CHD,if more samples were enrolled.

Early Bilingual Vocabulary Development Among Low-SES Ethnic Minority Learners in China:The Case of Uyghur and Kazak Children

Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important aspects of language development. For bilingual students, early vocabulary development often predicts their future bilingual success. This paper examines early bilingual receptive vocabulary knowledge of ethnic minority children(N=135) from two large ethnic language communities(Uyghur and Kazak) in three national-level povertystricken counties in Xinjiang, China. The children’s bilingual vocabulary knowledge was assessed using translated versions of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV(PPTV-IV) in Putonghua(PTH) and their mother tongue(MT) Uyghur or Kazak. Data were analyzed through four General Linear Models(GLM). The analyses showed that both groups scored higher in MT vocabulary knowledge than that in their PTH, although the Kazak students’ MT vocabulary scores were lower than those of the Uyghurs. While gender, age, L1, or residence location were not significant factors in differences across the two groups in PTH, among the Kazak children, the main effect of age was significant in MT;and among Uyghur children, residence location had a significant effect. The two groups also differed in patterns of acquisition in different parts of speech(nouns, verbs, and attributes) with Uyghur children performing strongest in MT and PTH verbs. The findings have important implications for ensuring the quality of early bilingual education among impoverished Chinese minority communities.

Association of Connexin Gene Polymorphism with Essential Hypertension in Kazak and Han Chinese in Xinjiang,China

Essential hypertension（EH） is affected by both genetic and environmental factors.The polymorphism of connexin（Cx） genes is found associated with the development of hypertension.However,the association of the polymorphism of Cxs with EH has not been investigated.This study aimed to investigate the association of the polymorphism of connexin（Cx） genes Cx37,Cx40,and Cx43 with EH in Kazak and Han Chinese in Xinjiang,China.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism（PCR-RFLP） method and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF-MS） were used to analyze the polymorphism of Cx genes in Kazak and Han EH patients as well as their normotensive controls.The results showed that there were no significant differences in the frequencies of different three genotypes（A/A,A/G,and G/G） and A and G alleles of Cx40 rs35594137 and rs11552588 between EH patients and normotensive controls.However,in Kazak EH patients,the frequencies of three genotypes（A/A,A/G,and G/G） of Cx37 rs1630310 were 24.8%,47.2% and 28.0%,respectively,which were significantly different from those in Han EH patients.In Han EH patients,the frequencies of the three genotypes（C/C,C/G and G/G） of Cx43 rs1925223 were 6.4%,35.6% and 58.0%,respectively.Frequencies of the other four genotypes had no statistical differences among Kazak and Han EH patients and their normotensive controls.These results suggest polymorphisms of Cx37 rs1630310 and Cx43 rs1925223 genes may be associated with the pathogenesis of EH.Carrying Cx37 rs1630310-A or Cx43 rs1925223-G genotypes may protect against the development of EH.

基于快速型心律失常大鼠模型优选白喉乌头炮制品

目的优选可预防模型大鼠快速型心律失常的白喉乌头炮制品。方法采用哈萨克族炮制法,分别浸泡白喉乌头生品12 h和24 h,加甘草和黑豆共同煎煮1,2,3,4 h,得8种炮制品。将96只大鼠随机分为空白对照组(等体积生理盐水),模型组(等体积生理盐水),白喉乌头生品药物组(简称生药组,0.4 g/kg),白喉乌头炮制品8个组(1.2 g/kg,分别记为12 h-1 h组、12 h-2 h组、12 h-3 h组、12 h-4 h组、24 h-1 h组、24 h-2 h组、24 h-3 h组、24 h-4 h组),胺碘酮组(5 mg/kg),各8只。各组大鼠每天1次灌胃相应药物或生理盐水,连续14 d后空白对照组大鼠尾静脉注射等体积生理盐水,其余各组大鼠均注射10 mg/mL乌头碱(3.125 mg/kg)以复制快速型心律失常模型。检测大鼠的心电图,显微镜下观察大鼠的心脏组织病理形态,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平,检测心肌三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性,采用免疫组化染色法检测心脏组织Cx45蛋白表达水平。结果24 h-1 h组大鼠未出现心室颤动(室颤)、室性心动过速(室速)、期前收缩(早搏)症状,其余炮制品7个组及胺碘酮组大鼠均出现早搏及室速的时间均晚于模型组。模型组大鼠心肌纤维排列紊乱,心肌纤维断裂较多;炮制品8个组及胺碘酮组大鼠心肌纤维排列均较规则,心肌纤维断裂较少,心肌细胞水肿损伤程度降低。与模型组比较,炮制品8个组大鼠心肌组织的SOD,Cx45蛋白表达水平,以及24 h-2 h组、24 h-3 h组Ca^(2+)-ATP酶水平均显著升高(P<0.05);生药组、12 h-1 h组、12 h-2 h组、24 h-1 h组大鼠血清MDA水平均显著降低(P<0.05);各给药组(除24 h-2 h组、24 h-3 h组外)大鼠血清cTnI水平均显著降低(P<0.05);各给药组(除24 h-3 h组外)大鼠血清CK-MB水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论哈萨克族炮制法制成的白喉乌头炮制品对模型大鼠快速型心律失常均有一定预防作用,其中以24 h-1 h炮制品效果较显著。

新疆地区高尿酸血症患病现状及其与心脏代谢指数的相关性研究

背景高尿酸血症(HUA)患病率逐年升高,而针对新疆地区的研究较少。因新疆地区人群有特殊的地域和饮食特点,故地域性研究是必要的。目的调查新疆维吾尔自治区年龄≥35岁人群HUA患病现状,并探讨不同民族、不同性别健康体检人群心脏代谢指数(CMI)与HUA的相关性,为该地区HUA患者制订个性化的预防措施提供参考依据。方法本研究为横断面研究,选取2021年10月—2022年10月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院参加健康体检的年龄≥35岁的9429名体检者为研究对象。根据研究对象是否合并HUA将其分为HUA组(n=527)和非HUA组(n=8902);根据CMI值将研究对象分层为Q1(CMI≤0.34)、Q2(0.34<CMI≤0.56)、Q3(0.56<CMI≤0.99)、Q4(CMI>0.99)。通过查阅嘉禾病历系统收集研究对象的一般人口学资料(性别、年龄、民族)、既往病史(冠心病、高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中)、体格检查和实验室检查指标等并进行比较。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析CMI对HUA发病风险的影响(模型Ⅰ调整年龄、性别和BMI,模型Ⅱ调整年龄、性别、既往史、尿素氮等),并按照性别(男/女)、民族(汉族/维吾尔族/哈萨克族)进行分层分析CMI与HUA的相关性。结果9429名体检者中HUA患者527例(5.58%),平均年龄(54.3±12.9)岁;其中男434例(82.4%)、女93例(17.6%);汉族402例(76.3%)、维吾尔族82例(15.5%)、哈萨克族43例(8.2%)。HUA组与非HUA组脑卒中史、HDL-C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组性别、年龄、民族、冠心病史、高血压史、糖尿病史、舒张压、收缩压、尿素氮、血尿酸(SUA)、肌酐、空腹血糖(FPG)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、BMI、腰高比(WHtR)、CMI比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,调整相关混杂因素后,与Q1相比CMI为Q2、Q3、Q4时均会增加HUA的发病风险(OR=1.874、4.201、6.053,P<0.05),且CMI与HUA发病风险呈正相关(P_(趋势)<0.001)。按照不同性别进行分层调整相关混杂因素后结果显示,与Q1相比,男性CMI为Q3、Q4时会增加HUA的发病风险(OR=3.168、4.273,P<0.05),女性CMI为Q2、Q3、Q4时会增加HUA的发病风险(OR=3.144、8.805、10.938,P<0.05),且CMI与HUA发病风险均呈正相关(P_(趋势)<0.001)。按照不同民族进行分层调整相关混杂因素后结果显示,与Q1相比,汉族CMI为Q2、Q3、Q4时会增加HUA的发病风险(OR=1.924、4.522、6.681,P<0.05),哈萨克族CMI为Q2、Q3、Q4时会增加HUA的发病风险(OR=4.004、9.461、14.291,P<0.05),且CMI与HUA发病风险均呈正相关(P_(趋势)<0.001)。结论新疆维吾尔自治区年龄≥35岁体检者HUA患病率为5.58%,HUA患者以男性和汉族为主。CMI升高会增加HUA的发病风险,在汉族与哈萨克族人群中更明显。

新疆南山牧区哈萨克族牧民心血管病高危人群危险因素分析及预警模型构建

目的分析新疆南山牧区哈萨克族牧民心血管病(CVD)高危人群危险因素并建立CVD预警模型,为CVD的预防控制提供参考依据。方法2021年9月至2023年2月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在新疆南山农牧区抽取4543名哈萨克族牧民进行问卷调查和体格检查,分析CVD高危人群危险因素;多因素Logistic回归分析方法构建CVD预警模型,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)对预警模型进行效果评价。结果最终纳入分析的4543名新疆南山牧区哈萨克族牧民CVD高危人群1428名,CVD高危人群检出率为31.4%;不同组别哈萨克族牧民各项指标比较,CVD高危人群BMI、WC、SBP、DBP、FPG、LDL-C、TG和TC均高于非CVD高危人群,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),HDL-C低于非CVD高危人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,CVD高危人群检出的危险因素包括年龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、不进行锻炼、蔬菜水果摄入不达标、食盐量≥16.66 g/d、奶茶量≥1000 mL/d、高脂饮食、食腌制熏肉、以动物油为主及鱼肉的较少摄入;纳入生活习惯(吸烟、饮酒、锻炼情况)、饮食习惯(蔬菜水果摄入情况、每日食盐量、奶茶量、高脂饮食、腌制熏肉摄入、用油及鱼肉摄入情况)和自测指标(BMI、SBP、DBP)进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,建立CVD高危预警模型为:Y=-20.163+0.275×吸烟+0.510×饮酒+0.433×未锻炼+0.211×蔬菜水果摄入未达标+0.246×食盐量≥16.66 g/d+0.241×奶茶过量+0.256×高脂饮食+0.302×食腌制熏肉+0.299×动物油为主+0.288×偶尔食鱼肉+0.51×不食鱼肉+0.042×BMI+0.029×SBP+0.145×DBP,预警模型ROC曲线下面积为0.868(95%CI=0.855~0.882),模型具有良好的预测效果。结论新疆南山牧区哈萨克族牧民高危人群检出率相对较高,危险集中于生活、饮食、行为方面,构建的CVD高危预警模型预测效果较好。

Association of defective HLA-Ⅰ expression with antigen processing machinery and their association with clinicopathological characteristics in Kazak patients with esophageal cancer

Background It has been confirmed that defective expression of human leukocyte antigen class Ⅰ （HLA-Ⅰ） molecules can contribute to the immune evasion of cancer cells in some types of cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of HLA class Ⅰ antigen and the antigen-processing machinery （APM） components in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） and their role in high risk human papillomavirus （HPV） infection, and to analyze their association with histopathological characteristics in the Kazak ethnic group.Methods A total of 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ESCC lesions were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China. The expression levels of HLA-Ⅰ antigen and APM components were determined by immunohistochemistry; the HPV DNA were detected using polymerase chain reaction （PCR）.Results A high frequency of down-regulation or loss of expression of HLA and APM components were found in esophageal cancer in Kazak people. HLA-Ⅰ, TAP1, CNX, LMP7, Erp57, Tapasin and ERAP1 were down-regulated in 68%,44%, 48%, 40%, 52%, 32% and 20% of ESCC lesions then, respectively. The loss of expression of HLA-Ⅰ antigen was significantly correlated with part of the APM components and positively correlated with high risk HPV16 infection. TAP1,CNX, LMP7, Erp57 and Tapasin loss were significantly associated with tumor grading, lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Our results suggest that APM component defects are a mechanism underlying HLA-Ⅰ antigen down-regulation in ESCC lesions, and indicate that the loss expression of HLA-Ⅰ and APM components will become an important marker of ESCC and analysis of HLA-Ⅰ and APM component expression can provide useful prognostic information for patients with ESCC from the Kazak ethnic group.

Comprehensive analyses for genetic diversities of 19 autosomal STRs in Chinese Kazak group and its phylogenetic relationships with other continental populations

Short tandem repeats(STRs)play an essential role in forensic genetics due to their high degree of polymorphisms,wide distributions and easy detection method.In this study,allelic frequencies and forensic statistical parameters of the 19 autosomal STR loci in a Kazak ethnic group were calculated,and its genetic relationships with reference populations were assessed in order to understand population structure better and enrich population genetic data for forensic practice in Chinese Kazak ethnic group.There were 226 identified alleles with the corresponding allelic frequencies ranging from 0.0008 to 0.5295 in the 628 unrelated healthy Kazak individuals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.All autosomal STRs were conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni’s correction.The cumulative power of discrimination and the combined probability of exclusion of all the 19 autosomal STRs were 0.999999999999999999999997162 and 0.999999994484,respectively.Furthermore,the DA distances and Fixation index values of pairwise populations,principal component analysis,multidimensional scaling analysis,phylogenetic tree analysis and structure analysis were conducted to probe the genetic relationships between the Kazak group and other reference populations.The population genetic results showed that these 19 autosomal STR loci were characterised by high genetic diversities in the Kazak group.Furthermore,the studied Kazak group had close genetic relationships with the Uyghur group and the Uzbek group.The present results may facilitate understanding the genetic background of the Chinese Xinjiang Kazak group.

民族旅游对铸牢中华民族共同体意识的促进作用——基于伊犁州调查研究

铸牢中华民族共同体意识是新时代处理我国民族关系的理论基础,是各级地方政府处理民族问题的基本准则。伊犁哈萨克自治州(以下简称伊犁州)作为多民族聚集的边境地区,自身条件和外部环境较为复杂,更加需要铸牢中华民族共同体意识。伊犁州创造性地将民族旅游的发展融入铸牢工作的开展中,从经济基础、民族团结、文化认同等方面共同促进了中华民族共同体意识的完善和巩固,对于铸牢工作的开展具有重要的借鉴意义。

SIRT3通过调控脂质代谢重编程参与哈萨克族食管鳞癌的发生发展

目的 探讨沉默信息调节因子2相关酶3 (SIRT3)基因在哈萨克族食管鳞癌中(ESCC)的表达水平及其与临床病理特征及预后的关系,SIRT3对ESCC脂质代谢重编程的潜在作用。方法 采用qRT-PCR方法检测哈萨克族食ESCC及临近正常组织标本SIRT3的表达水平。免疫组织化学方法检测ESCC组织及临近正常组织中SIRT3的蛋白表达水平。分析SIRT3的表达与哈萨克族ESCC患者临床病例特征的关系,Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线分析SIRT3的表达与患者预后相关性。Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响ESCC患者不良预后发生的危险因素。慢病毒感染ESCC细胞株KYSE150,稳定敲低SIRT3,通过超高效液相色谱质谱技术(UPLC-MS/MS)进行脂质组学分析。结果 在哈萨克族ESCC组织中,SIRT3 mRNA表达水平较癌旁正常组织增高。免疫组织化学显示SIRT3在ESCC细胞癌组织中的表达水平高于癌旁正常组织;SIRT3表达与肿瘤分化、淋巴结转移显著相关,而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤T分期及TNM分期之间无相关性;生存曲线分析表明,SIRT3表达与ESCC细胞癌患者总体预后之间密切相关。多因素分析,SIRT3的表达是哈萨克族ESCC不良预后的一项独立危险因素。超高效液相色谱质谱分析提示,SIRT3下调影响13种脂类变化,与对照组相比,神经酰胺、二酰基甘油、三酰基甘油、己糖神经酰胺、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺的含量下调。结论 SIRT3在哈萨克族ESCC组织中呈高表达,SIRT3与ESCC的发生发展及不良预后有关,其发病机制可能与ESCC的脂质代谢异常相关。

MRAS基因多态性与新疆沙湾县6~13岁学龄儿童肥胖症易感性的关系

目的探讨MRAS基因rs146298087、rs138024847、rs3821696、rs1002766、rs1199333、rs1199332、rs40593、rs2293252多态性与新疆沙湾县6~13岁儿童肥胖症易感性的关系,进一步探索遗传因素对肥胖的发生及发展的影响,同时为预防和治疗肥胖症提供潜在的治疗靶点。方法2019年9月在新疆沙湾市某小学进行横断面调查,按照纳入与排除标准,筛选出肥胖组和对照组非肥胖儿童各100例,其中汉族儿童122例,哈萨克族儿童78例。采用芯片捕获测序技术、高通量测序技术检测MRAS基因rs146298087、rs138024847、rs3821696、rs1002766、rs1199333、rs1199332、rs40593与rs2293252多态性,并分析其与汉族、哈萨克族的男女童肥胖症易感性的关系。结果(1)MRAS基因rs3821696(GG/GC/CC)多态性与汉族6~13岁男童肥胖的发生可能相关,其GG、GC、CC基因型分布频率两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而G、C等位基因分布频率两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在汉族女童及哈萨克族男童、女童中未发现rs3821696多态性与肥胖的有关。(2)MRAS基因rs40593(G/C)多态性与汉族6~13岁男童肥胖症的发生率可能相关,其G、C等位基因分布频率两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以C等位基因作为参考时,G等位基因携带者出现肥胖症可能性增加(OR=0.258,95%CI:0.07~0.95),而GG、GC、CC基因型分布频率两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在汉族女童及哈萨克族男童、女童中未发现rs40593多态性与肥胖的有关。(3)肥胖组和对照组儿童的rs146298087、rs138024847、rs1002766、rs1199333、rs1199332与rs2293252的等位基因和基因型分布频率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论MRAS基因rs3821696(GG/GC/CC)多态性与汉族男童肥胖症的产生可能有关;rs40593(G/C)多态性与6~13岁汉族男童肥胖的发生可能相关,且G等位基因携带者发生肥胖风险升高。

哈萨克族纹样元素在服装设计中的应用

哈萨克族服饰品中有大量纹样装饰,体现了哈萨克族的审美文化。文章将哈萨克族纹样分为抽象纹样与具象纹样,分析纹样的造型、构图以及文化内涵,探索将哈萨克族纹样元素融入到现代生活中。

2012—2022年新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州新生儿遗传代谢病筛查回顾性分析

目的 分析2012—2022年新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州新生儿遗传代谢病(inherited metabolic disease,IMD)筛查结果,为新生儿出生缺陷防治工作提供理论依据。方法 回顾性收集2012—2022年伊犁哈萨克自治州妇幼保健院管辖内参与先天性甲状腺功能减低症(congenital hypothyroidism,CH)和苯丙酮尿症(phenylketonuria,PKU)筛查的267 741份新生儿足跟血血片资料,通过对其检测得出的促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)和苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine,Phe)浓度数据进行分析,对比各年度新生儿CH、PKU及高苯丙氨酸血症(hyperphenylalaninemia,HPA)的筛查率、不合格率、不合格复采率及初筛可疑阳性召回率的情况和差异。结果 2012—2022年伊犁哈萨克自治州妇幼保健院遗传实验室共筛查新生儿267 741例,筛查率由2012年的35.53%上升至2022年的98.75%,初筛可疑阳性召回率由2012年的57.79%上升至2022年的89.09%,血片不合格率由2012年的2.41%降低至2022年的0.72%,不合格血片复采率由2012年的23.29%上升至2022年的82.71%。2012—2022年共确诊新生儿遗传代谢病132例,其中CH 84例、PKU 21例、轻度HPA 27例。结论 提高新生儿遗传代谢病筛查率、可疑阳性召回率及不合格血片复采率能减少出生缺陷并有效促进我国优生优育工作。

新疆维吾尔族、哈萨克族人群HLA-DQA1、-DQB1两基因座多态性的研究及与25个种族或民族的比较分析

应用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ基因分型技术，首次对我国新疆地区维吾尔族和哈萨克族２个少数民族群体的ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１、－ＤＱＢ１两个基因座的多态性进行了研究。结果显示，在ＤＱＡ１８个等位基因中，维族和哈族均表现为ＤＱＡ１＊０３０１最常见。最少见的ＤＱＡ１等位基因，在维族中为ＤＱＡ１＊０４０１和＊０６０１，而在哈族中为ＤＱＡ１＊０６０１；在ＤＱＢ１１６个等位基因中，ＤＱＢ１＊０２０１和＊０３０１在维族和哈族中均表现为最常见。在维族中未观察到ＤＱＢ１＊０５０２、＊０５０３２和＊０５０４，在哈族中未观察到ＤＱＢ１＊０５０３２、＊０５０４和＊０６０５等位基因。统计分析表明，维族和哈族ＤＱＡ１、ＤＱＢ１各等位基因的分布无显著性差异，说明维、哈族间具有较密切的亲缘关系。在以２７个种族或民族的ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１、－ＤＱＢ１两基因座基因频率构建的分子系统树上，维族和哈族独立于其他群体而聚类，独处一支。维族和哈族接近蒙古人种，而离高加索人种较远。

新疆药用植物资源和民族药概况

本文报道了新疆药用植物资源的分布情况和蕴藏量 ,以及维、哈民族药的简要情况 ,还对新疆的药用植物和民族药开发利用研究的思路进行了探讨。

新疆哈萨克族和维吾尔族原发性高血压相关危险因素研究

目的研究新疆哈萨克族(哈族)和维吾尔族(维族)人群原发性高血压的相关危险因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法对新疆地区哈、维两民族进行流行病学调查,同时收集哈族人群血液标本1 141例,维族人群血液标本894例,采用生化分析仪对收集的血标本进行生化检查。采用病例-对照研究方法对两民族高血压组(EH组)和正常对照组(NT组)的流行病学资料及生化指标进行统计学分析和评价。结果 (1)哈族人群的平均收缩压和舒张压均高于维族,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中哈族人群高血压检出率为61.6%,维族人群为47.4%,且两民族高血压患病率随年龄增大逐渐增高。(2)哈、维族两群体中,超重组和肥胖组血压增高明显多于体质量正常组,尤其是以肥胖组更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)调整了年龄、性别和体质指数后两民族EH组血脂水平均明显高于NT组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)两民族群体EH组吸烟率高于NT组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两民族饮酒率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论哈萨克族人群原发性高血压患病率高于维吾尔族。年龄、肥胖、高甘油三脂、高胆固醇、吸烟为两民族高血压发病的危险因素。

新疆新源县234名哈萨克族居民营养状况及叶酸水平与食管癌关系的研究

目的探讨新疆新源县哈萨克族居民膳食营养素摄入状况及血清叶酸与哈萨克族食管癌的关系。方法采用24 h膳食回顾法调查234名哈萨克族居民(食管癌组84例,对照组150例)各营养素的摄入情况,将结果与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)进行比较分析。全自动化学发光免疫法测定血清叶酸水平。结果食管癌组、对照组能量、蛋白质、钙、铁、钠、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、叶酸的摄入量分别达到DRIs的85.58%和122.83%、122.65%和169.82%、75.50%和95.78%、166.43%和226.47%、194.61%和226.06%、64.61%和91.28%、67.38%和89.57%、87.13%和100.44%、32.58%和7.53%。血清叶酸高组中食管癌组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),血清叶酸高组人群患食管癌的风险是最低组人群的0.16倍。结论哈萨克族食管癌患者铁和钠的摄入量偏高;能量、钙、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素C的摄入量不足;叶酸的摄入量偏低;血清叶酸水平低时患食管癌的风险高。

我国四种民族维生素D受体基因多态性分布的研究

目的维生素D受体(VDR)基因与骨密度和骨量密切相关。但是它在不同人群和种族中的分布仍有差异。本研究旨在分析中国汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族和蒙古族维生素D受体基因多态性分布。方法应用聚合酶链反应限制性片长度多态性技术,分别对我国179名汉族、122名维吾尔族、63名哈萨克族和112名蒙古族健康绝经后妇女的VDR基因型进行分型,并计算其基因频率分布。结果汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族和蒙古族绝经后妇女bb基因型频率分别为90·5%、69·67%、38·1%和50%,上述四种民族BB基因型频率分别为0%、4·1%、6·35%和4·46%,汉族与维吾尔族、哈萨克族和蒙古族之间VDR基因型频率分布比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0·001),哈萨克族与欧美人种比较,VDR基因型相差不显著。结论我国汉族与维吾尔族、哈萨克族和蒙古族之间VDR基因型多态性具有种族差异性,这种种族差异性与骨质疏松的相关性有待于进一步研究。