Gene Chip Technology Used in the Detection of HPV Infection in Esophageal Cancer of Kazakh Chinese in Xinjiang Province

Summary： This study was aimed to screen human papillomavirus （HPV） types associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of Kazakh in Xinjiang using the gene chip technique and study the clinical significance of this application. The DNAs were collected from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and healthy esophageal mucosa of Kazakh adults in Xinjiang, and amplified firstly using HPV MY09/11 and then using HPV G5＋/6＋ to screen positive HPV specimens. These positive specimens were further detected by the gene chip technique to screen highly pathogenic HPV types. After determination with nested PCR amplification with HPV MY09/ll and G5＋/6＋, the infection rate of HPV was 66.67% in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group and 12.12% in the healthy control group. By testing the positive HPV specimens from the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group, the infection rate of HPV16 was 97.72% and the co-infection rate of HPV16 and HPV18 was 2.27%. HPV16 infection may be involved in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Xinjiang Hazakh adults.

Characteristics of Genetic Resources of Kazakh Horse

In order to understand the characteristics of genetic resources of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang,their body size,phenotypes and coat colors were investigated and analyzed using the methods of resources survey and body size measurement. The results showed that the coat color of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang is very rich,covering more than 90% of the world＇s horse coat colors. The influencing factors of Kazakh horse body size data might include the environment and geographical distribution of Kazakh horses. The gap between Xinjiang Kazakh horse and Kazakhstan Kazakh horse was relatively large,which was related to the degree of breeding.There were some differences in the appearance of Kazakh horses between Altay and Ili regions with different ecological environment. The Kazakh horses in Altay were relatively strong in size,well developed in coat and long hair,long and dense in fuzz in winter,and rich in coat color. But the Kazakh horses in Ili were compact in size,less in coat than those in Altay,and have a single coat color.

Approaches to the Elaboration of Regeneration and Transformation Systems for Elite Kazakh Cotton Varieties

The development and wide application of genetic transformation for cotton improvement are restrained by the unresolved problem of genotype dependence in regeneration in vitro.High embryogenic and regenerative potential have been obtained for limited number of Coker type genotypes。

Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes CYP2E1, GSTM1 and Kazakh's esophageal squamous cell cancer in Xinjiang, China

AIM: To analyze the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes CYP2E1, GSTM1 andKazakh's esophageal squamous cell cancer in China.METHODS: The genotypes of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2E1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) following PCR in 104 Kazakh's patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and 104 non-cancer controls.RESULTS: The frequency of CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype was significantly higher in patients with cancer (77.9%) thanin control subjects (24.0%) (P＜0.05; OR, 11.13; 95%CI,5.84-21.22). The difference of GSTM1 null was significantly more frequent in the cancer (34.6%) vsthe control group (3.8%) (P＜0.05; OR, 13.24; 95%CI, 4.50-38.89). On the other hand, the combination of GSTM1 presence and CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotypes increased the risk for cancer (P＜0.05;OR, 13.42; 95%CI, 6.29-28.3).CONCLUSION: The CYP2E1 c1/c1, GSTM1 deletion genotypes are genetically susceptible biomarkers for ESCC in Kazakh population. Individuals with allele c1 of RsaI polymorphic locus for CYP2E1 may increase the risk of ESCC. Moreover, CYP2E1 wild type (c1/c1) increased thesusceptibility to ESCC risk in Kazakh individuals with GSTM1 presence genotype.

Interaction of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T,cytochrome P4502E1 polymorphism and environment factors in esophageal cancer in Kazakh population

AIM: To evaluate the association and interaction of genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHER) and cytochrome P4502E1 (CY-P4502E1), environment risk factors with esophageal cancer (EC) in Kazakh, a high EC incidence area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.METHODS: A 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted with 120 cases of EC and 240 population-or hospital-based controls. The controls were matched for sex, nationality, area of residence and age within a 5-year difference. MTHER and CYP4502E1 genotypes were identified by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A conditional logistic regression model was established to identify risk factors. The strata method was adopted in interaction analysis. RESULTS: Low consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruits, alcohol drinking, and unsafe water (shallow well, or river) were found to be the risk factors for EC. Individuals with the MTHFR677 (C/T + T/T) genotype had a 2.62-fold (95% CI: 1.61-4.28) risk of developing EC compared with those who carried the C/C genotype. Individuals with the CYP4502E1C1/C1 genotype had a 3.00-fold (95% CI: 1.82-4.96) risk compared with those who carried the CYP4502E1 (C1/C2 + C2/C2) genotype.Gene-environment interaction analysis showed that MTHFR677 gene polymorphism was correlated with consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruit, while CYP4502E1 C1/C1 was correlated with alcohol drink-ing and unsafe drinking water. MTHFR and CYP4502E1 analysis of gene-gene interaction showed that individu-als with the MTHFR677 (C/T + T/T) and CYP4502E1C1/C1 genotypes had a 7.41-fold (95% CI: 3.60-15.25) risk of developing EC compared with those who carried the MTHFR677C/C and CYP4502E1 RsaI C1/C2 + C2/C2 genes, and the interaction rate was higher than that of the two factors alone. CONCLUSION: Low consumption of green vegetables and fresh fruits, alcohol drinking, and unsafe water (shallow well, or river) and polymorphisms in MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes are important risk factors for EC. There is a synergistic interaction among polymorphisms in MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes and environment factors. MTHFR and CYP4502E1 genes can be used as biomarkers for prevention of EC in Kazakh, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Glutathione-S-transferase M1 polymorphisms on the susceptibility to esophageal cancer among three Chinese minorities:Kazakh,Tajik and Uygur

AIM: To investigate the glutathione-S-transferase Ml (GSTM1) polymorphisms in three Chinese minorities, Kazakh, Uygur, and Tajik; and the pathological significance of GSTM1 polymorphisms in esophageal carcinogenesis in Kazakh. METHODS: A total of 1121 blood samples (442 males and 679 females) were obtained from healthy Kazakh (654), Uygur (412) and Tajik (55). Primary esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissues from Kazakh were obtained from 116 patients who underwent surgery. GSTM1 polymorphisms were analyzed by a combined approach of PCR and electrophoresis techniques. RESULTS: GSTM1 null genotype was found in 62.63% Uygur, 50.91% Tajik and 47.40% Kazakh. A significantly higher frequency of GSTM1 null genotype in Uygur was observed compared with Kazakh (OR: 1.859, 95% CI: 1.445 -2.391, X2 = 23.71, P = 0.000). In addition, GSTM1 null genotype was found in 23.53% of well-differentiated ESCC in Kazakh, in 49.23% of poorly differentiated ESCC, with a significant difference (OR: 3.152, 95% CI: 1.403-7.080, X2 = 8.018, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: There is a marked difference in the frequency of common GSTM1 null genotype between Uygur and Kazakh. GSTM1 null genotype is associated with differentiation of ESCC in Kazakh.

Detection of Human Papillomaviral Infection on Kazakh Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Xinjiang

OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection rate of humanpapilloma virus (HPV) DNA in the Kazakh esophageal carcinoma(EC) patients of Xinjiang.METHODS We detected the prevalence of a HPV gene in tumortissues from 318 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Tumor tissues were kept in formalin and embedded in paraffin.One hundred seventeen samples used crude cell suspension, whilethe other 201 used the method of DNA extraction with phenol-Tris/chloroform. We analyzed the relevance to EC of Kazakh's inXinjiang.RESULTS In the ESCC samples of Kazakh's in Xinjiang, totaldetection rate for HPV DNA was 64.5% (205/318). The positiverate of HPV in group of crude cell suspensions was 82.9% (97/117)compared with the rate of 53.7% (108/201) in the group of DNAextraction. The results in the two groups showed significantdiffference (x^2 = 5.711, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION HPV DNA infection may be one of the mostimportant factors related to EC of Kazakh's in Xinjiang.

人源分离长双歧杆菌长亚种的体外益生特性分析

对新疆伊宁县哈萨克族学龄儿童粪便样品双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)进行分离鉴定,重点开展长双歧杆菌长亚种(B.longum subsp.longum)菌株的体外益生特征实验。依据groEL功能基因测序和重复性外源性回文聚合酶链反应指纹分型技术,416株双歧杆菌隶属于B.longum、B.bifidum、B.pseudocatenulatum、B.catenulatum和B.breve。依据优势种B.longum subsp.longum的指纹分型,27种基因型显示了个体间菌株的遗传差异,同时发现同一个体肠道有多菌株共存现象。27株代表菌株的体外实验结果表明,菌株2B3-21、1B23-11、2B33-3和1B68-16的耐酸、耐胆盐能力最优,菌株1B68-16、2B13-5、2B33-3和1B39-2的抑菌能力较强;菌株1B38-1、2B33-3、1B68-16和2B13-28体外抗氧化能力较强,综合所有菌株的抗生素耐药性和利用多种植物源聚糖的能力进行考虑,筛选菌株1B68-16和2B33-3作为潜在的益生菌菌株后续开展体内益生特性研究,本研究可为开发适应特定区域人群的优良益生菌株及产品奠定基础。

高、低乳脂率哈萨克马血浆代谢组比较分析

本研究旨在分析不同乳脂率哈萨克马血浆代谢物的差异,筛选出高乳脂率哈萨克马血浆中的标志代谢物,为高乳脂率哈萨克马的选育提供数据支撑。选取年龄、胎次、体况相近,饲养管理条件一致的泌乳期哈萨克马12匹,采集产后第30~105天的乳样和血样各288份。根据测定的乳脂率结果,将乳脂率高(≥1.84%)的6匹哈萨克马的血样组成高乳脂率组,乳脂率低(≤0.90%)的6匹哈萨克马的血样组成低乳脂率组。之后,通过非靶向液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)代谢组学技术分析血样本中的血浆代谢物。结果显示:从高、低乳脂率哈萨克马血浆中共检测出53种差异代谢物。高乳脂率哈萨克马血浆中花生四烯酸、D-赤式-1-磷酸鞘氨醇、前列腺素、5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸、血栓素B2、尿酸等36种物质的浓度显著高于低乳脂率哈萨克马(P<0.05),L-焦谷氨酸、D-果糖-6-磷酸、生物素和D-高半胱氨酸等17种物质的浓度显著低于低乳脂率哈萨克马(P<0.05)。这些差异代谢物主要富集在花生四烯酸代谢、亚油酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、半乳糖代谢及甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢等代谢途径。本研究结果可为深层次探究乳脂的合成以及进一步提升马乳品质提供理论基础。

新疆哈萨克族血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病共病现状及影响因素研究

背景心血管疾病是我国居民的首要死亡原因,高血压、高血糖和血脂异常(“三高”)是心血管疾病的重要危险因素,因此国家提出实施“三高”共管,但目前缺乏关于新疆哈萨克族“三高”共病情况的相关研究。目的调查哈萨克族血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病患病率及共病情况,探索三者共病的影响因素。方法本研究为横断面研究。2022年3—6月,在新疆阿勒泰地区富蕴县,选取杜热镇和吐尔洪乡两个人口较多且以哈萨克族为主的乡镇,调查该地区18岁以上哈萨克族常住居民,通过问卷调查(一般信息、吸烟饮酒史、患病情况等)、体格检查(腰围、臀围、身高、体质量、血压、心率等)和实验室检查(总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油和空腹血糖等)收集患者信息,使用多因素Logistic回归分析探究哈萨克族“三高”共病的相关影响因素。结果共纳入4835名哈萨克族居民,男、女各占48.2%(2231/4835)和51.8%(2504/4835),平均年龄(45.8±12.7)岁。血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病标化患病率分别为37.9%、21.1%和4.0%。血脂异常患者中高胆固醇、高低密脂蛋白胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高三酰甘油血症人群的标化患病率分别为24.1%、24.8%、10.0%和7.3%。“三高”共病的标化患病率为11.8%。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、BMI、腰围、臀围、心率、婚姻状况和文化程度是“三高”共病的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、婚姻状况、BMI和心率是“三高”共病的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论哈萨克族血脂异常患病率高于高血压和糖尿病,血脂异常以高胆固醇血症为主。血脂异常与高血压共病在“三高”共病中最为常见,应将老年人、男性和高BMI人群作为“三高”共管的重点人群。

多胎萨福克羊与哈萨克羊级进杂交后代生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血液生理生化指标分析

【目的】了解天然放牧条件下多胎萨福克羊与哈萨克羊级进杂交羔羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质等,评估多胎萨福克羊对哈萨克羊的级进杂交改良效果。【方法】试验以3月龄体况、体型基本一致的多胎萨福克羊及其与哈萨克羊级进杂交F1、F2代和哈萨克公羊为研究对象,天然放牧条件下饲养,试验预试期10 d,正试期90 d。试验结束后选择接近组内平均体重羔羊各10只,屠宰前测定各试验羊体尺指标,屠宰后分别测定屠宰性能、肉品质、营养成分及血液生理生化指标。【结果】(1)多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F1和F2代羔羊的体高、胸深、宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、肉骨比、眼肌面积均显著高于哈萨克羊(P<0.05);级进杂交F1代羔羊和哈萨克羊的背脂厚度、尾脂重显著高于多胎萨福克羊和级进杂交F2代羔羊(P<0.05)。(2)级进杂交F1代羔羊背最长肌水分含量显著高于多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F2代羔羊和哈萨克羊(P<0.05);哈萨克羊背最长肌中铁、锌、镁和粗脂肪含量均显著高于多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F1和F2代(P<0.05)。(3)多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F1和F2代羔羊血液中白细胞数、嗜碱性粒细胞数、中性粒细胞数、嗜酸性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数等显著高于哈萨克羊,嗜碱性粒细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、血小板总数、平均血小板体积等均显著低于哈萨克羊(P<0.05)。(4)多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F1和F2代羔羊血清中碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于哈萨克羊,总蛋白含量显著低于哈萨克羊(P<0.05);级进杂交F1代羔羊血清中谷丙转氨酶活性、铁含量均显著低于哈萨克羊(P<0.05);多胎萨福克羊血清白蛋白含量显著高于级进杂交F1、F2代和哈萨克羊(P<0.05)。【结论】天然放牧条件下,多胎萨福克羊及其级进杂交后代的产肉性能高于哈萨克羊,随着杂交代数的增加,屠宰性能明显提升、肉品质得到改善。

维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族大学生体重指数与体能指数的关系

目的:了解维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族大学生的营养和体能状况,调查不同民族体重指数(body mass index,BMI)和体能指数(physical fitness index,PFI)之间的非线性联系。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取2021年新疆维吾尔自治区某高校非体育专业的维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族共3600名大学生作为研究对象,测量身高、体质量、肺活量、50米跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、仰卧起坐/引体向上和耐力跑,计算体重指数和各测试成绩的标准化Z分数以及PFI等指标,对数据进行卡方检验、单因素方差分析和非线性二次回归分析。结果:汉族大学生的超重(16.00%)和肥胖(8.08%)检出率明显高于维吾尔族(11.83%和4.08%)和哈萨克族(13.58%和4.58%)大学生,低体重检出率维吾尔族(11.92%)最高,哈萨克族最低(9.75%)。三个民族总体和男女之间BMI分级检出率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族不同BMI分级大学生之间PFI差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),总体表现出正常体重组高于其他体重组,且超重组高于肥胖组,但是低体重组的PFI最高。非线性二次回归显示,维吾尔族男女和哈萨克族男生的曲线呈倒“J”形,PFI随着BMI的增大先升高后下降,其余曲线呈弧形,PFI随着BMI的增大而下降。结论:维吾尔族、哈萨克族和汉族大学生超重肥胖会带来体能的下降,但是哈萨克族低体重组男女大学生和汉族低体重组女大学生的体能好于正常体重组。着重提高维吾尔族低体重和超重男生、汉族超重女生的体能可以有效缩小民族内各体重等级和民族间的大学生体能差异。

多胎萨福克与哈萨克羊杂交F1和F2代屠宰性能的比较

为研究多胎萨福克羊杂交改良哈萨克羊的效果,以6月龄多胎萨福克与哈萨克羊杂交F1和F2代公羔为试验对象,测定羔羊的体尺和体重,通过屠宰试验测定屠宰率、胴体重、净肉重、脂肪重、骨重、背膘厚和眼肌面积等指标,对比杂交F1和F2代羔羊的体尺、体重和屠宰性能。结果表明:杂交F1和F2代羔羊的体高、体斜长、胸深、胸宽、胸围和管围差异均不显著(P>0.05)。杂交F1和F2代羔羊的宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、净肉率、肉骨比、肋肉厚、眼肌面积差异均不显著(P>0.05),F1代羔羊的背膘厚显著大于F2代(P<0.05),F2代羔羊的屠宰率显著大于F1代(P<0.05)。以上结果表明多胎萨福克羊杂交改良哈萨克羊时,随着杂交代数的增加,F2代羔羊的背膘厚显著降低,肉品质得到提高。

基于UPLC-MS/MS方法分析哈萨克族食管鳞癌患者的血清脂质组学特征

目的:基于血清脂质组学研究新疆哈萨克族食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)患者的脂质代谢特征。方法:选取2018年1月—2020年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院胸外科就诊的30例哈萨克族ESCC患者(ESCC组),另外选择同期在新疆医科大学健康管理中心体检的哈萨克族健康体检者30例(对照组)。采用超高效液相色谱质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS)对两组人群血清进行靶向定量脂质组学分析。根据同类脂质内标峰面积和实际浓度关系进行脂质定量。利用脂质数据进行多变量统计分析。结果:60例血清样本中共筛选出13种脂类,其中浓度最高的是三酰甘油、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺,溶血磷脂酰胆碱是两组人群血清中差异最大的脂类。相较对照组血清样本,哈萨克族ESCC患者血清中三酰甘油、溶血磷脂酰胆碱的浓度上调,磷脂酰乙醇胺下调。溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰胆碱的链长度和不饱和度在哈萨克族ESCC患者血清中显著下调。根据正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA),以阈值(P<0.05和差异倍数>2或<0.5)筛选差异脂质代谢物,共筛选出77种差异脂类,其中与对照组比较,ESCC组上调的有34种,下调的有43种。包括甘油三酯、甘油二酯、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺及游离脂肪酸。结论:哈萨克族ESCC患者血清中不同脂质浓度及变化趋势存在差异。其中甘油三酯、溶血磷脂酰胆碱的浓度上调,磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰胆碱链长度及不饱和度下调。分析这些脂质分布的变化和筛选新靶标有助于阐明新疆哈萨克族ESCC的发生发展机制。

甘肃哈萨克族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究

采用Heath-Carter法研究甘肃哈萨克族成人的体型特征.对甘肃省酒泉市阿克塞哈萨克族自治县263例(男性104例,女性159例)哈萨克族成人的体质量、身高等10项指标进行测量,计算内因子值、中因子值和外因子值,并与国内其他族群进行比较.结果表明:(1)甘肃哈萨克族男性的平均体型值为5.4-5.0-1.1,属于内胚层-中胚层均衡体型,女性的平均体型值为6.4-5.2-0.7,属于偏中胚层的内胚层体型.男性的HWR值大于女性,SAM值小于女性.(2)除中因子值外,甘肃哈萨克族的体质量、身高、内因子值和外因子值的性别间差异均具有统计学意义.男性的3个因子值的年龄组间差异均不具有统计学意义,且3个因子值均与年龄不相关.女性的3个因子值的年龄组间差异均具有统计学意义,内因子值和中因子值与年龄呈正相关,外因子值与年龄呈负相关.(3)主成分分析结果显示,甘肃哈萨克族体型与甘肃肃北蒙古族、阿拉善蒙古族和硕特部、甘肃汉族较为接近.甘肃哈萨克族具有身体肥胖程度较大,身体线性程度较小的体型特征.

添加不同水平鞣花酸对哈萨克羊生长性能、血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

【目的】试验旨在探究添加不同水平鞣花酸对哈萨克羊生长性能、血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响,为鞣花酸在反刍动物中的应用提供参考依据。【方法】选取体重(25.58±2.85)kg、体况一致且健康的3月龄哈萨克羊公羊20只,随机分为4组,每组5只,各组鞣花酸添加水平分别为0、15、30、45 mg/kg BW,分别为对照组、15 EA组、30 EA组和45 EA组。预饲5 d后开展为期60 d的饲养试验,每30 d空腹称重1次并于第60天晨饲前采集血液样品,测定生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、甲状腺激素、葡萄糖、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛等指标。【结果】(1)各组试验羊的初始体重、终末体重、采食量、日增重和料重比在整个试验期内均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)各组羊血浆生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子、三碘甲状腺原氨酸和甲状腺激素含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)30 EA和45 EA组试验羊血浆中总蛋白含量比对照组提高了11.28%和10.46%(P<0.05),且随着鞣花酸添加水平的增加呈线性增加(P<0.05);3个试验组试验羊血浆中白蛋白含量与对照组相比,分别提高了17.47%、25.38%和24.85%(P<0.05),且随着鞣花酸添加水平的增加呈线性增加(P<0.05);各组羊血浆中葡萄糖、球蛋白、尿素氮和总胆固醇含量无显著差异(P>0.05),30 EA组血浆中甘油三酯含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)与对照组相比,3个试验组羊血浆总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均随着鞣花酸添加水平的增加而呈线性增加(P<0.05),且30 EA和45 EA组血浆总抗氧化能力提高了10.24%和11.02%(P<0.05),3个试验组血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别提高了29.49%、55.78%和52.36%(P<0.05)。【结论】添加不同水平鞣花酸对哈萨克羊的采食量、日增重以及血浆中生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子含量均无显著影响,但能在一定程度上影响脂肪和蛋白质的代谢并显著提高机体的抗氧化能力,其适宜的添加水平为30 mg/kg BW。

燕麦饲喂条件下断奶马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物细菌丰度的比较研究

试验旨在探究燕麦饲喂条件下断奶马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物细菌丰度的变化,为通过营养方式调节肠道微生物,增强马驹肠道健康提供参考依据。选择出生日期和断奶日期相近、体重为(112.36±7.50)kg的哈萨克马公驹5匹,在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下,进行为期60 d的饲养。于试验最后1 d进行屠宰,分别采集马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠的内容物,利用16S r DNA高通量测序技术检测各肠段内容物细菌多样性。结果表明:(1)十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物菌群中共有OTU为1389个,特有的OTU数量分别为360、318和249个,各肠段内容物菌群的Chao1、ACE、Shannon和Simpson指数无差异显著性(P>0.05);(2)马驹各肠段内容物10大优势菌门分别为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、螺旋菌门(Spirochaetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)、软壁菌门(Tenericutes)、Melainabacteria和蓝藻(Cyanobacteria);10大优势菌科为毛螺旋菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)、未经确认的梭菌科(unidentified_Clostridiales)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、普雷沃氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)、巴斯德氏菌科(Pasteurellaceae)、理研菌科(Rikenellaceae)和明串珠菌科(Leuconostocaceae);10大优势菌属为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、未经确认的肠杆菌属(unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、未经确认的梭菌属(unidentified_Clostridiales)、八叠球菌属(Sarcina)、柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter)、放线杆菌属(Actinobacillus)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)和未经确认的瘤胃球菌属(unidentified_Ruminococcaceae)。(3)除空肠内容物中普雷沃氏菌科高于回肠135.96%外(P<0.05),其余优势菌在门、科、属水平均无差异显著性(P>0.05)。(4)LEFSe分析中,十二指肠、空肠和回肠肠道内容物菌群之间存在显著差异的菌有11种。其中,十二指肠内容物中显著上调的菌8种,空肠内容物显著上调的菌1种,回肠内容物显著上调的菌2种;功能预测出25种功能。综上所述,燕麦饲喂条件下,断奶马驹十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物菌群多样性指数没有显著性变化;在细菌种类和相对丰度方面,排名在前的10大优势菌种类一致,但十二指肠内容物与空肠和回肠相比,存在较多的差异显著菌,且细菌功能具有区域特异性,导致各肠段微生物的功能不尽相同。

新疆哈萨克族H型高血压与MTHFR基因多态性及叶酸水平的相关性研究

目的:探讨哈萨克族H型高血压与同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)代谢相关基因MTHFR多态性和叶酸的关联,为H型高血压发病机制提供理论依据。方法:应用新疆哈萨克族H型高血压现况调查数据库,采用病例-对照研究,随机选取H型高血压患者100例、单纯高血压患者100例、高Hcy血症患者100例,健康人群100例作为对照组。应用Sanger测序法对所有研究对象的MTHFR基因rs1801133、rs1801131位点进行基因型检测。叶酸采用电化学发光法进行检测。采用χ^(2)检验进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验;应用二分类非条件Logistic回归分析H型高血压与MTHFR基因位点以及叶酸之间的关联。结果:以健康组为对照,高水平叶酸是哈萨克族H型高血压的保护因素(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.15-0.72),rs1801133-(CT+TT)基因型是危险因素(OR=6.37,95%CI:2.97-13.68);高水平叶酸是哈萨克族高Hcy血症的保护因素(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.23-0.86),rs1801133-(CT+TT)基因型是危险因素(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.52-5.62)。结论:MTHFR基因的rs1801133-T等位基因和rs1801133-(CT+TT)基因型是H型高血压的危险因素;高水平叶酸是H型高血压的保护因素。

基于新疆非物质文化遗产哈萨克医药文化创意产品创新设计

中国的民族医药被称为中华医药瑰宝,哈萨克医药是组成民族医药的重要部分。近年来哈萨克医药发展迅速,但面对西方现代医学和商品经济的冲击,哈萨克医药的发展受到了制约,哈萨克医药的发展急需传播和认可。文章通过研究哈萨克医药非物质文化遗产的现状,总结哈萨克医药的特点,寻找文化创意产品创新中存在的问题,以哈萨克医药文化为依托全面展开创意创新设计,提升哈萨克医药品牌文化知名度,增加哈萨克医药文化的识别性,带动地方经济发展,唤起消费者民族情感,进一步促进文化的传承与传播。