在双通道信号检测领域,肯德尔秩相关系数(Kendall’s Tau, KT)作为一种检测器,对含脉冲噪声的信号具有显著的鲁棒性。然而,当通道间的噪声存在相关性时,KT的检测性能仍有待提升。为此,本文提出一种改进的肯德尔秩相关系数(Improved Kend...在双通道信号检测领域,肯德尔秩相关系数(Kendall’s Tau, KT)作为一种检测器,对含脉冲噪声的信号具有显著的鲁棒性。然而,当通道间的噪声存在相关性时,KT的检测性能仍有待提升。为此,本文提出一种改进的肯德尔秩相关系数(Improved Kendall’s Tau, IKT)检测器,在KT的基础上引入了阈值可调节的硬限幅函数。同时采用二元高斯混合模型(Gaussian Mixture Model, GMM)模拟两通道间噪声的相关性及脉冲特性,深入探讨了IKT在该模型下的统计性质,并建立了针对双通道高斯随机信号检测问题的虚警率和检测概率的解析式。通过蒙特卡罗实验与高斯噪声下性能最优的匹配滤波器(Matched Filter Detector, MFD)、脉冲噪声下具有鲁棒性的极性重合相关器(Polarity Coincidence Correlator, PCC)、KT的接收机工作特性(Receiver Operating Characteristic, ROC)曲线下面积(Area Under the Curve, AUC)进行比较,表明IKT在含相关性高斯噪声的信号检测中相较于PCC在AUC上表现出12.9%左右的提升,相较于KT的提升约为4.8%。在含相关性脉冲噪声的信号检测中相较于PCC的AUC提升约为8.3%,相较于KT的提升约为1.6%,从而验证了其优越性。In dual-channel signal detection, the Kendall’s Tau (KT) correlation coefficient is well-regarded for its robustness in handling signals affected by impulsive noise. However, its detection performance declines when there is noise correlation between channels. To address this limitation, this paper presents an Improved Kendall’s Tau (IKT) detector, which enhances the traditional KT by incorporating a threshold-adjustable hard limiting function. Furthermore, a bivariate Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is used to simulate the noise correlation and impulsive characteristics between the two channels. The statistical properties of IKT under this model are thoroughly analyzed, and analytical expressions for the false alarm rate and detection probability in dual-channel Gaussian random signal detection are derived. Monte Carlo simulations and comparisons with the matched filter detector (MFD), which is optimal for Gaussian noise, the polarity coincidence correlator (PCC), known for its robustness against impulsive noise, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for KT, are performed. The results show that in the presence of correlated Gaussian noise, IKT achieves approximately a 12.9% improvement in AUC over PCC and a 4.8 % improvement over KT. In the presence of correlated impulsive noise, IKT shows about an 8.3% improvement in AUC over PCC and a 1.6% improvement over KT, thereby validating its superiority.展开更多
The influence of density,foliage and stem flexibility on the roughness coefficients under unsubmerged conditions,such as Manning＇s n,is investigated experimentally.An instrumentation system has been developed for mea...The influence of density,foliage and stem flexibility on the roughness coefficients under unsubmerged conditions,such as Manning＇s n,is investigated experimentally.An instrumentation system has been developed for measuring the flow rate ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 L/s under the condition of different artificial foliated reeds.Based on the experimental results,the influence on the relationship between n with different density,foliage,flexibility and flow depth is discussed.It is found that the foliage and the density are the important factors affecting Manning＇s n.At a range of relatively low velocity and relatively large bending stiffness of stem,Manning＇s n is not influenced significanthy by the flexibility of stem.展开更多
Based on isotropie linear poroelastic theory and under the undrained condition, we summarize three equations connecting the Skempton＇s coefficient B with the groundwater level. After analysis, we propose a method to ...Based on isotropie linear poroelastic theory and under the undrained condition, we summarize three equations connecting the Skempton＇s coefficient B with the groundwater level. After analysis, we propose a method to calculate the Skempton＇s coefficient B according to the relationship between water level and tidal strain. With this method we can get the value of B without the earthquake occurrence, which can provide the high frequency waves for research. Besides, we can also get the in-suit Skempton＇s coefficient B without the experiment of rock physics. In addition, we analyze the observed data of Changping station recorded in groundwater monitoring network （abv., GMN） before and after the Wenchuan Ms8.0 with this method, and find out there＇s a slight change of the value of B after the seismic waves passed by, which implies that the propagation of seismic waves may have brought some variations to the poroelastic medium of the well.展开更多
The formulas for atomic displacements and Hamiltonian of a thin crystal film in phonon occupation number representation are obtained with the aid of Green's function theory. On the basis of these results, the form...The formulas for atomic displacements and Hamiltonian of a thin crystal film in phonon occupation number representation are obtained with the aid of Green's function theory. On the basis of these results, the formulas for thermal expansion coefficients of the thin crystal film are derived with the perturbation theory, and the numerical calculations are carried out. The results show that the thinner films have larger thermal expansion coefficients.展开更多
Green＇s functions for Blot＇s dynamic equation in the frequency domain can be a highly useful tool for the investigation of dynamic responses of a saturated porous medium. Its applications are found in soil dynamics,...Green＇s functions for Blot＇s dynamic equation in the frequency domain can be a highly useful tool for the investigation of dynamic responses of a saturated porous medium. Its applications are found in soil dynamics, seismology, earthquake engineering, rock mechanics, geophysics, and acoustics. However, the mathematical work for deriving it can be daunting. Green＇s functions have been presented utilizing an analogy between the dynamic thermoelasticity and the dynamic poroelasticity in the frequency domain using the u-p formulation. In this work, a special term ＂decoupling coefficient＂ for the decomposition of the fast and slow dilatational waves is proposed and expressed to present a new methodology for deriving the poroelastodynamic Green＇s functions. The correct- ness of the solution is demonstrated by numerically comparing the current solution with Cheng＇s previous solution. The separation of the two waves in the present methodology allows the more accurate evaluation of Green＇s functions, particularly the solution of the slow dilatational wave. This can be advantageous for the numerical implementation of the boundary element method （BEM） and other applications.展开更多
A real-time channel flood forecast model was developed to simulate channel flow in plain rivers based on the dynamic wave theory. Taking into consideration channel shape differences along the channel, a roughness upda...A real-time channel flood forecast model was developed to simulate channel flow in plain rivers based on the dynamic wave theory. Taking into consideration channel shape differences along the channel, a roughness updating technique was developed using the Kalman filter method to update Manning＇s roughness coefficient at each time step of the calculation processes. Channel shapes were simplified as rectangles, triangles, and parabolas, and the relationships between hydraulic radius and water depth were developed for plain rivers. Based on the relationship between the Froude number and the inertia terms of the momentum equation in the Saint-Venant equations, the relationship between Manning＇s roughness coefficient and water depth was obtained. Using the channel of the Huaihe River from Wangjiaba to Lutaizi stations as a case, to test the performance and rationality of the present flood routing model, the original hydraulic model was compared with the developed model. Results show that the stage hydrographs calculated by the developed flood routing model with the updated Manning＇s roughness coefficient have a good agreement with the observed stage hydrographs. This model performs better than the original hydraulic model.展开更多
The simple equation relating the activity coefficient of each solute in mixed electrolyte solution to its value in binary solutions under isopiestic equilibrium was tested by comparison with the experimental data for ...The simple equation relating the activity coefficient of each solute in mixed electrolyte solution to its value in binary solutions under isopiestic equilibrium was tested by comparison with the experimental data for the 18 electrolyte solutions consisting of 1：1, 1：2, and 1：3 electrolytes. The isopiestic measurements were made on the quaternary system BaCl2-NH4Br-NaI-H2O and its ternary subsystems NaI-NH4Br-H2O, NaI-BaCl2-H2O, and NH4Br-BaCl2-H2O at 298.15K. The results were used to test the applicability of the Zdanovskii＇s rule to the mixed electrolyte solutions which contain no common ions, and the agreement is excellent. The activity coefficients of the solutes in the above quaternary and ternary systems calculated from the above-mentioned simple equation are in good agreement with the Pitzer＇s equation.展开更多
In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation...In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation. As a result, symmetry groups, Lie point symmetry group and Lie symmetry for the VCCGKP equation are obtained. In fact, the Lie point symmetry group coincides with that obtained by the standard Lie group approach. Applying the given Lie symmetry, we obtain five types of similarity reductions and a lot of new exact solutions, including hyperbolic function solutions, triangular periodic solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and rational solutions, for the VCCGKP equation.展开更多
文摘在双通道信号检测领域,肯德尔秩相关系数(Kendall’s Tau, KT)作为一种检测器,对含脉冲噪声的信号具有显著的鲁棒性。然而,当通道间的噪声存在相关性时,KT的检测性能仍有待提升。为此,本文提出一种改进的肯德尔秩相关系数(Improved Kendall’s Tau, IKT)检测器,在KT的基础上引入了阈值可调节的硬限幅函数。同时采用二元高斯混合模型(Gaussian Mixture Model, GMM)模拟两通道间噪声的相关性及脉冲特性,深入探讨了IKT在该模型下的统计性质,并建立了针对双通道高斯随机信号检测问题的虚警率和检测概率的解析式。通过蒙特卡罗实验与高斯噪声下性能最优的匹配滤波器(Matched Filter Detector, MFD)、脉冲噪声下具有鲁棒性的极性重合相关器(Polarity Coincidence Correlator, PCC)、KT的接收机工作特性(Receiver Operating Characteristic, ROC)曲线下面积(Area Under the Curve, AUC)进行比较,表明IKT在含相关性高斯噪声的信号检测中相较于PCC在AUC上表现出12.9%左右的提升,相较于KT的提升约为4.8%。在含相关性脉冲噪声的信号检测中相较于PCC的AUC提升约为8.3%,相较于KT的提升约为1.6%,从而验证了其优越性。In dual-channel signal detection, the Kendall’s Tau (KT) correlation coefficient is well-regarded for its robustness in handling signals affected by impulsive noise. However, its detection performance declines when there is noise correlation between channels. To address this limitation, this paper presents an Improved Kendall’s Tau (IKT) detector, which enhances the traditional KT by incorporating a threshold-adjustable hard limiting function. Furthermore, a bivariate Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is used to simulate the noise correlation and impulsive characteristics between the two channels. The statistical properties of IKT under this model are thoroughly analyzed, and analytical expressions for the false alarm rate and detection probability in dual-channel Gaussian random signal detection are derived. Monte Carlo simulations and comparisons with the matched filter detector (MFD), which is optimal for Gaussian noise, the polarity coincidence correlator (PCC), known for its robustness against impulsive noise, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for KT, are performed. The results show that in the presence of correlated Gaussian noise, IKT achieves approximately a 12.9% improvement in AUC over PCC and a 4.8 % improvement over KT. In the presence of correlated impulsive noise, IKT shows about an 8.3% improvement in AUC over PCC and a 1.6% improvement over KT, thereby validating its superiority.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(2012KJCX0082)Science and Technology Projects of Guangdong Province(2011B090400623)Guangzhou Science and Technology Projects(12C42011563,11A11020499)
基金The Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract Nos 200905001 and 201005019UNESCO-IHE Partnership Research Fund (UPaRF) under contract No.60038881the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.50939003
文摘The influence of density,foliage and stem flexibility on the roughness coefficients under unsubmerged conditions,such as Manning＇s n,is investigated experimentally.An instrumentation system has been developed for measuring the flow rate ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 L/s under the condition of different artificial foliated reeds.Based on the experimental results,the influence on the relationship between n with different density,foliage,flexibility and flow depth is discussed.It is found that the foliage and the density are the important factors affecting Manning＇s n.At a range of relatively low velocity and relatively large bending stiffness of stem,Manning＇s n is not influenced significanthy by the flexibility of stem.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(40674024 and 40374019)
文摘Based on isotropie linear poroelastic theory and under the undrained condition, we summarize three equations connecting the Skempton＇s coefficient B with the groundwater level. After analysis, we propose a method to calculate the Skempton＇s coefficient B according to the relationship between water level and tidal strain. With this method we can get the value of B without the earthquake occurrence, which can provide the high frequency waves for research. Besides, we can also get the in-suit Skempton＇s coefficient B without the experiment of rock physics. In addition, we analyze the observed data of Changping station recorded in groundwater monitoring network （abv., GMN） before and after the Wenchuan Ms8.0 with this method, and find out there＇s a slight change of the value of B after the seismic waves passed by, which implies that the propagation of seismic waves may have brought some variations to the poroelastic medium of the well.
文摘The formulas for atomic displacements and Hamiltonian of a thin crystal film in phonon occupation number representation are obtained with the aid of Green's function theory. On the basis of these results, the formulas for thermal expansion coefficients of the thin crystal film are derived with the perturbation theory, and the numerical calculations are carried out. The results show that the thinner films have larger thermal expansion coefficients.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51478435,11402150,and 11172268)
文摘Green＇s functions for Blot＇s dynamic equation in the frequency domain can be a highly useful tool for the investigation of dynamic responses of a saturated porous medium. Its applications are found in soil dynamics, seismology, earthquake engineering, rock mechanics, geophysics, and acoustics. However, the mathematical work for deriving it can be daunting. Green＇s functions have been presented utilizing an analogy between the dynamic thermoelasticity and the dynamic poroelasticity in the frequency domain using the u-p formulation. In this work, a special term ＂decoupling coefficient＂ for the decomposition of the fast and slow dilatational waves is proposed and expressed to present a new methodology for deriving the poroelastodynamic Green＇s functions. The correct- ness of the solution is demonstrated by numerically comparing the current solution with Cheng＇s previous solution. The separation of the two waves in the present methodology allows the more accurate evaluation of Green＇s functions, particularly the solution of the slow dilatational wave. This can be advantageous for the numerical implementation of the boundary element method （BEM） and other applications.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare (Meteorology) of China (Grants No. GYHY201006037 and GYHY200906007)
文摘A real-time channel flood forecast model was developed to simulate channel flow in plain rivers based on the dynamic wave theory. Taking into consideration channel shape differences along the channel, a roughness updating technique was developed using the Kalman filter method to update Manning＇s roughness coefficient at each time step of the calculation processes. Channel shapes were simplified as rectangles, triangles, and parabolas, and the relationships between hydraulic radius and water depth were developed for plain rivers. Based on the relationship between the Froude number and the inertia terms of the momentum equation in the Saint-Venant equations, the relationship between Manning＇s roughness coefficient and water depth was obtained. Using the channel of the Huaihe River from Wangjiaba to Lutaizi stations as a case, to test the performance and rationality of the present flood routing model, the original hydraulic model was compared with the developed model. Results show that the stage hydrographs calculated by the developed flood routing model with the updated Manning＇s roughness coefficient have a good agreement with the observed stage hydrographs. This model performs better than the original hydraulic model.
基金the National-Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20476059, No.20276037） and 863 Hi-Technology Research and Development Program of China （2004 AA616040）.
文摘The simple equation relating the activity coefficient of each solute in mixed electrolyte solution to its value in binary solutions under isopiestic equilibrium was tested by comparison with the experimental data for the 18 electrolyte solutions consisting of 1：1, 1：2, and 1：3 electrolytes. The isopiestic measurements were made on the quaternary system BaCl2-NH4Br-NaI-H2O and its ternary subsystems NaI-NH4Br-H2O, NaI-BaCl2-H2O, and NH4Br-BaCl2-H2O at 298.15K. The results were used to test the applicability of the Zdanovskii＇s rule to the mixed electrolyte solutions which contain no common ions, and the agreement is excellent. The activity coefficients of the solutes in the above quaternary and ternary systems calculated from the above-mentioned simple equation are in good agreement with the Pitzer＇s equation.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under Grant Nos. 2004zx16 and Q2005A01
文摘In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation. As a result, symmetry groups, Lie point symmetry group and Lie symmetry for the VCCGKP equation are obtained. In fact, the Lie point symmetry group coincides with that obtained by the standard Lie group approach. Applying the given Lie symmetry, we obtain five types of similarity reductions and a lot of new exact solutions, including hyperbolic function solutions, triangular periodic solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and rational solutions, for the VCCGKP equation.
