Stable Transformation of Three Cultivars of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) by Particle Bombardment of Mature Seed-Derived Highly Regenerative Callus

High embryogenic calli of three cutivars of Kentucky bluegrass, Md, Bd, and Gm, were induced from mature embryos, and were proliferated on medium K3 and K5. Embryogenic calli were transformed with plamids pDM803 and pBY520 by microprojectile bombardment. Fourty-two transgenic lines had been obtained. The highest efficiency of transformation reached to 3.7% for cv. Md, 2.8% for cv. Gm, and 5 % for cv. Bd. The micro nutriment of Cupric had significant effect on transformation. The embryogenic callus cultured in dim-light condition had higher transformation efficiency than the green callus cultured in light condition for one month before transformation. The selective regime and selective pressure on the putative transgenic plants were important for obtaining the desire number of transgenic plants. It also affected the copy number of integrated genes in the genomic DNA of transgenic plants.

Growth of Kentucky Bluegrass as Influenced by Nitrogen and Trinexapacethyl

The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of N and trinexapac-ethyl （TE） to the growth of Kentucky bluegrass. By using the method of randomized blocks design, 4 N levels, 0 （N1）, 20 （N2）, 25 （N3）, and 30 （N4） kg N ha t mon% with TE at 0 （T1）, 312.5 （T2） and 625 （T3） mL ha-1 every 10 d effect on the total height, clippings and chlorophyll concentration of Kentucky bluegrass were evaluated. Results showed that total height and total clippings of Kentucky bluegrass were reduced by treating with TE and increased by treating with N. Kentucky bluegrass treated with 312.5 and 625 mL ha ＇ per 10 d had total clippings and total height reduced 30 and 45% under different N application level. The N × TE interaction was significant for the chlorophyll concentration of Kentucky bluegrass. The chlorophyll concentration of Kentucky bluegrass treated with TE at 625 mL ha-1 every 10 d was significantly higher than that of Kentucky bluegrass treated with 312.5 mL ha-1 every 10 d at the same N level. The chlorophyll concentration of turfgrass treated with TE at 625 mL ha-1 every 10 d receiving 30 kg N ha -1 month-1 was the highest. Based on the index of turf growth and the chlorophyll concentration, turfgrass receiving 20 or 30 kg N ha-1 month-1 with 625 mL TE ha i every 10 d could balance the problem of mowing frequency and growth quickly while keeping a good quality.

Rare Earth-bearing particles in fly ash carbons:Examples from the combustion of eastern Kentucky coals

Graphitic carbons from the combustion of bituminous coals and,perhaps,other coal ranks,tend to capture iron and a number of hazardous elements,including As,Hg,and Se.Rare earth elements in fly ashes occur in minerals,such as monazite,xenotime,and davidite.They also occur in sub-nm particles,probably in a mineral form,within the AleSi glass on the investigated fly ashes.Just as graphitic carbons can capture Fe and hazardous elements,the carbons surrounding the fly ash glass and magnetic particles captures or encapsulates a broad suite of rare earth elements.

Study on Classification and Genetic Diversity of Kentucky Bluegrasses by Using RAPD Markers

A total of 69 random primers were screened by using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers to analyze the genetic bands of 32 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. A total of 197 bands were amplified from 46 primers, among which 195 bands were polymorphic. Each primer could amplify one to nine polymorphic bands with an average of 4.3 per primer. Based on similarity coefficient analysis of RAPD results and by using NTSYS software to cluster analyze with the average UPGMA method, the result showed that 18 cultivars of the 32 were in group 1, three cultivars were in group 2, two cultivars were in group 3, eight cultivars were in group 4, and only one cultivar in group 5.

Mowing Height and Mowing Frequency Interactions on Turf Performance of Kentucky Bluegrass

The mowing height and mowing frequency are the key factors that affect the turf quality and turfgrass growing ability. The purpose of this study was to reveal the alternative effcient interaction between mowing height and mowing frequency in Kentucky bluegrass turf management. The Kentucky bluegrass cultivar ＇Kenblue＇ （Poa pratensis L.） was used to evaluate the interactions of mowing heights （H1, H4 and H7） and mowing frequencies （F2, F5 and F8） on the performance of turfgrass and turf physiological responses under the feld condition. The results showed that the treatment of H7×F8 had perfect infuence on the turf texture, root elongation, and also enhanced soluble sugar and free proline content in plants. While, the turf quality, color, uniformity and the increasing tiller numbers were performed more superior in the treatment of H4×F5 than other treatments. In all the interacting treatments, the relation between leaf green index and number of shoots （dm2） was positively correlated, thus, it could be speculated that the proper mowing height with frequency had a strong impact on the increasing of turfgrass tillers. On the whole, the interaction of H4×F5 on turf quality was the most excellent treatment in this experiment.

Classification and Genetic Diversity of Kentucky Bluegrasses by Using RAPD Markers

Total 69 random primers were screened out through RAPD （Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA） markers to analyze the genetic bands of 32 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars. A total of 197 bands were amplified from 46 primers of them, among which 195 bands were polymorphic. Each primer could amplify one to nine polymorphic bands with an average of 4.3 being amplified from an average of primer. Based on the similarity coefficient analysis of RAPD results, NTSYS software and cluster analysis by using average UPGMA method, the result showed that 18 of 32 cultivars were in group 1, three cultivars were in group 2, two cultivars were in group 3, eight cultivars were in group 4, and there was only one cultivar in group 5, which was C2.

The Systematic Study of the Feasible Photovoltaics in Eastern Kentucky

Photovoltaics(PV-also called solar photovoltaic devices)are used to harness the power of the sun via the electronic process that occurs within semiconductor cells.The solar energy is absorbed by the cells,which causes the electrons to break away from their atoms,allowing them to flow within the material to produce electricity.This electricity will become the renewable energy for Kentucky,as the generation of coal will but come to a stop within the near future.Like Denmark who is running on 100%renewable generation we must stride to become fully operational on solar.In the present work,we systematically studied about renewable energy resources,in particular,solar energy for the application of photovoltaic panels in Eastern Kentucky.By analyzing data from our PV cells at Morehead State University designed to follow the direction of the sun for optimized output and by incorporating MPPT charge controllers,we have constructed a maximum power algorithm that performs best for the location.Utilizing these,measurements of daily electricity production in comparison to the average power needed for household use has validated our research.With the advancements in solar cell technology what was once impossible is now reality,as solar power can easily power this region based on our data.Knowing this,being a prime location we can now push to enable the advancement of renewable energy production and become less dependent on fossil fuels,thus creating an infrastructure that will run off solar power.

Resident Perceptions of Black Bear Management in South Central Kentucky

The growth and sprawl of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) population have been observed and monitored in the past two decades, especially in south-central Kentucky. To better manage human-black bear interaction and develop informed policy and best practices, the current study sought to 1) understand south-central Kentucky residents’ current knowledge of and previous experience with black bears, 2) investigate residents’ attitudes toward black bears and regulated hunting in wildlife management;and 3) identify residents’ level of acceptance of various black bear related management actions in south-central Kentucky. From February to April 2017, residents of London and Stearns districts (southeastern regions) of the Daniel Boone National Forest, a black bear habitat, were invited to participate in this study. The results from 139 completed surveys showed that residents lacked sufficient knowledge about black bear populations in the region and received minimal information regarding black bear management efforts. In comparison to education efforts and relocation, regulated black bear hunting could be a cost-effective option to promote responsible use of wildlife resources and black bear population control. This study provided lessons and recommendations for black bear management in south-central Kentucky and may be of utilization for any other wildlife conservation areas.

Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Circulating—Beijing Municipality,China,2016–2023

Introduction Highly fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky(S.Kentucky)of sequence type(ST)198 has emerged as a global multidrug-resistant(MDR)clone,posing a threat to public health.Methods Whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing was used to characterize the population structure and evolutionary history of 54 S.Kentucky isolates recovered from food and human clinical cases in Beijing from 2016 to 2023.Results All 54 S.Kentucky ST198 isolates exhibited resistance to quinolones,carrying point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions(gyrA_S83F and parC_S80I).Resistance to other antibiotics(folate pathway inhibitors,cephems,aminoglycosides,phenicols,rifamycin,fosfomycin,macrolides,and tetracyclines),mediated by the sul1,sul2,dfrA14,blaCTX-M,blaTEM-1B,aac(3)-Id,aadA2,aadA7,aph(3')-I,aph(3'')-Ib,rmtB,floR,arr-2,fosA,mph(A),and tet(A)genes,was also observed in different combinations.The Beijing S.Kentucky ST198 evolutionary tree was divided into clades 198.2-1 and 198.2-2,which were further differentiated into three subclades:198.2-2A,198.2-2B,and 198.2-2C.Compared with the extended-spectrumβ-lactamase-encoding gene blaCTX-M-14b in 198.2-1,the co-existence of blaCTX-M-55 and blaTEM-1B,as well as chromosomally located qnrS1,was detected in most 198.2-2 isolates,which showed more complex MDR phenotypes.S.Kentucky ST198 outbreak isolates derived from two predominant clonal sources:198.2-1 with cgST236434 and 198.2-2A with cgST296405.Conclusions The S.Kentucky population in Beijing is genetically diverse,consisting of multiple co-circulating lineages that have persisted since 2016.Strengthening surveillance of food and humans will aid in implementing measures to prevent and control the spread of AMR.

Development of natural treatment system consisting of black soil and Kentucky bluegrass for the post-treatment of anaerobically digested strong wastewater

To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put forward.The first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and adjustable nitrification.The subsequent soil–plant unit aims at removing and recovering the nutrients nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）.As a lab-scale feasibility study,a soil column test was conducted,in which black soil and valuable Kentucky bluegrass were integrated to treat artificial nutrient-enriched wastewater.After a long-term operation,the nitrification function was well established in the top layers,despite the need for an improved denitrification process prior to discharge.P and K were retained by the soil through distinct mechanisms.Since they either partially or totally remained in plant-available forms in the soil,indirect nutrient reuse could be achieved.As for Kentucky bluegrass,it displayed better growth status when receiving wastewater,with direct recovery of 8%,6% and 14% of input N,P and K,respectively.Furthermore,the indispensable role of Kentucky bluegrass for better treatment performance was proved,as it enhanced the cell-specific nitrification potential of the soil nitrifying microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere.After further upgrade,the proposed system is expected to become a new solution for strong wastewater pollution.

President Li Xiaolin meets with Kentucky Governor Matthew Bevin

President Li Xiaolin met with Kentucky Governor Matthew Bevin on Nov 9 in Beijing.Li expressed her appreciation of Bevin’s visit as the only US governor to come to China during the midterm election season and for his attendance at the First China International Import Expo.

Tennessee River Resource Stewardship and Protection: The Tennessee River Line Trail Project and Partnerships

The Tennessee River had a long and colorful history of transporting Native Americans, settlers, armies, and cargo of all types in 1700s and 1800s. The headwaters of the Tennessee River, the largest tributary of the Ohio River, originates in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern United States. Created by the confluence of the Holston and French Broad rivers at Knoxville, the Tennessee River flows approximately 1049 km to Paducah, Kentucky where it drains into the Ohio River. This paper highlights how the landscape and geological resources of the Tennessee River and tributaries watershed contributed to the successful economic development of this historical region of North America. The Tennessee River is one of the most biologically diverse freshwater systems in the United States. Environmental challenges included an unsuccessful attempt to keep invasive species, such as the Asian carp, out of the Tennessee River and the Kentucky Lake. The 1049 river kilometer Tennessee River regional trail system with charter River Towns was designed to promote recreational tourism, increase the use of the Tennessee River and to create generations of people who care about the river and are willing to provide environmental stewardship of the watershed resources and protect the river.

英语自学口语考试指导(16)

外国食品进入中国的时间并不长,但其发展速度之快令人惊讶。目前在我国具有代表性的“肯德基”、“麦当劳”虽价格较贵,却分店越来越多,不仅仅是青少年欢迎这些食品,就连一些中老年人也开始接受了。据说令美国商家激动不已的是原来被中国人拒绝的奶酪也开始“走红”。

美国纪行——车轮国度专用汽车见闻录

2014年12月初,笔者随宇通客车公司考察团前往美国肯塔基州路易斯维尔市（Louisville City,Kentucky）和印第安纳州埃尔克哈特县（Elkhart County,Indiana）进行了为期10天的考察,这是笔者在2012年5月末对美国印第安纳州埃尔克哈特县进行为期10天考察之后的第2次美国之行。通过前后两次美国之行的深入了解,特别是在美国市区、高速公路上仔细观察来来往往的专用汽车之后,笔者对美国交通情况及专用汽车技术有了更为深刻的理解：美国的高速公路网络相当发达,畅通无阻,可谓＂条条大路通罗马＂;

美国州名“别称”知多少?(Ⅱ)

11.Hawaii:别称"‘嗨!你好’之州(the Aloha State)。夏威夷语"Aloha"的意思是"你好"、"再见"、"爱你"。今天居住在夏威夷的人来自世界各地,如日本、中国、菲律宾、韩国、汤加。

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Biological Chemistry

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Biological Chemistry. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers

Growth and Biomass Allocation of <i>Muhlenbergia schreberi</i>

The main goal of this research was to evaluate the growth of nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi), an emerging threat to forage grass. Our initial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with 17 treatments (i.e., weeks) and 4 repetitions. Seventeen growth evaluations (i.e., treatments) were carried out every 7 days, totaling a 119-day cycle, followed by an analysis of the variables such as stolon number, length, number of leaves, dry matter, biological productivity, growth rate, and relative growth rate. A second experiment was conducted over a 5-week period to compare the growth variable between nimblewill plants and pastures. For all variables, the results showed that the weed grass developed slowly within the first 5 weeks after germination, indicating that this would be the best time to implement a chemical or cultural control measure. It was also observed that cultures with a rapid growth in the first 5 weeks after emergence could easily suppress weed growth. At the end of the experiment, stabilization of all variables was observed. However, additional observations are required to obtain more accurate results.

背景知识测试

(一)1. Uncle Sam is the nickname for__. A. England B. the United States C. George Washington D. Abraham Lincoln2. Of all the cities in the U.S.A.__is the largest. A. New York B. Chicago C. Boston D. Los Angeles3.__is the largest in area of all the 50 states in the U. S. A. A. Alaska B. Texas C. California D.