基于马尔可夫链的COVID-19流行病患病区域变化趋势预测

在COVID-19疫情环境下,为精准预测不同症状状态的人群人数和区域级别的发展趋势,以SIR传染病模型为基础,基于马尔可夫链预测时空相关的特性,设计了感染人群状态与管控措施相关的K-SIRD传染病预测模型.根据COVID-19疫情人群之间传染性的特征及受距离影响造成有效传染数R e的变化而导致不同的症状状态改变的转移规律,实时精准预测了不同状态的人员人数变化,并根据同一区域人群症状状态分布情况不同,针对不同级别的区域采用不同等级的管控措施.

一类具有脉冲干预措施的COVID-19模型的稳定性分析

建立了一类对易感人群实施脉冲干预措施的COVID-19模型,得出了模型的基本再生数R_(0)和无病周期解。当R_(0)<1时,根据脉冲微分不等式和Lyapunov函数分析了无病周期解的全局稳定性,并数值模拟了这一结论。最后,探讨了脉冲预防策略在COVID-19传染病预防中的效果。

Posttraumatic stress symptoms among Chinese university students during the COVID-19 pandemic:Prevalence,correlates,and mental health help-seeking

BACKGROUND Revisiting the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress symptoms(PTSSs)among university students during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic as well as understanding the mental health help-seeking behavior of individuals with PTSSs has critical implications for public mental health strategies in future medical pandemics.AIM To investigate the prevalence and correlates of PTSSs among university students during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to examine mental health help-seeking behaviors among these students.METHODS A total of 2507 Chinese university students were recruited via snowball sampling.The students completed the Seven-item Screening Scale for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.Sociodemo-graphic characteristics,pandemic-related characteristics,and mental health help-seeking behaviors of students with PTSSs were also collected.RESULTS The prevalence of PTSSs among the participants was 28.0%.Seven significant correlates of PTSSs were identified(odds ratio=1.23-3.65,P≤0.024):Female sex,being 19 years old or older,living with others or alone,a low level of family economic status,fair or poor interpersonal relationships,severe or very severe local pandemic,and having family members diagnosed with COVID-19.However,only 3.28%of the students with PTSSs reported seeking help from mental health specialists.Among the 23 students who sought help from mental health specialists,13 opted for online or telephone-based psychological consultation.CONCLUSION Our data suggest that there was a high risk of PTSSs among university students and a high level of unmet mental health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.The delivery of mental health services online or via telephone is a promising approach to address these unmet needs.

Healthcare providers’perspectives on factors influencing their critical care decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic:An international pilot survey

BACKGROUND Understanding a patient's clinical status and setting priorities for their care are two aspects of the constantly changing process of clinical decision-making.One analytical technique that can be helpful in uncertain situations is clinical judgment.Clinicians must deal with contradictory information,lack of time to make decisions,and long-term factors when emergencies occur.AIM To examine the ethical issues healthcare professionals faced during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and the factors affecting clinical decision-making.METHODS This pilot study,which means it was a preliminary investigation to gather information and test the feasibility of a larger investigation was conducted over 6 months and we invited responses from clinicians worldwide who managed patients with COVID-19.The survey focused on topics related to their professional roles and personal relationships.We examined five core areas influencing critical care decision-making:Patients'personal factors,family-related factors,informed consent,communication and media,and hospital administrative policies on clinical decision-making.The collected data were analyzed using theχ2 test for categorical variables.RESULTS A total of 102 clinicians from 23 specialties and 17 countries responded to the survey.Age was a significant factor in treatment planning(n=88)and ventilator access(n=78).Sex had no bearing on how decisions were made.Most doctors reported maintaining patient confidentiality regarding privacy and informed consent.Approximately 50%of clinicians reported a moderate influence of clinical work,with many citing it as one of the most important factors affecting their health and relationships.Clinicians from developing countries had a significantly higher score for considering a patient's financial status when creating a treatment plan than their counterparts from developed countries.Regarding personal experiences,some respondents noted that treatment plans and preferences changed from wave to wave,and that there was a rapid turnover of studies and evidence.Hospital and government policies also played a role in critical decision-making.Rather than assessing the appropriateness of treatment,some doctors observed that hospital policies regarding medications were driven by patient demand.CONCLUSION Factors other than medical considerations frequently affect management choices.The disparity in treatment choices,became more apparent during the pandemic.We highlight the difficulties and contradictions between moral standards and the realities physicians encountered during this medical emergency.False information,large patient populations,and limited resources caused problems for clinicians.These factors impacted decision-making,which,in turn,affected patient care and healthcare staff well-being.

Interest of D-dimer level,severity of COVID-19 and cost of management in Gabon

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is strongly associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events,including severe outcomes such as pulmonary embolism.Elevated D-dimer levels are a critical biomarker for assessing this risk.In Gabon,early implementation of anticoagulation therapy and D-dimer testing has been crucial in managing COVID-19.This study hypothesizes that elevated Ddimer levels are linked to increased COVID-19 severity.AIM To determine the impact of D-dimer levels on COVID-19 severity and their role in guiding clinical decisions.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed COVID-19 patients admitted to two hospitals in Gabon between March 2020 and December 2023.The study included patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses and available D-dimer measurements at admission.Data on demographics,clinical outcomes,D-dimer levels,and healthcare costs were collected.COVID-19 severity was classified as non-severe(outpatients)or severe(inpatients).A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between D-dimer levels and disease severity,with adjusted odds ratios(OR)and 95%CI.RESULTS A total of 3004 patients were included,with a mean age of 50.17 years,and the majority were female(53.43%).Elevated D-dimer levels were found in 65.81%of patients,and 57.21%of these experienced severe COVID-19.Univariate analysis showed that patients with elevated D-dimer levels had 3.33 times higher odds of severe COVID-19(OR=3.33,95%CI:2.84-3.92,P<0.001),and this association remained significant in the multivariable analysis,adjusted for age,sex,and year of collection.The financial analysis revealed a substantial burden,particularly for uninsured patients.CONCLUSION D-dimer predicts COVID-19 severity and guides treatment,but the high cost of anticoagulant therapy highlights the need for policies ensuring affordable access in resource-limited settings like Gabon.

Dexamethasone in coronavirus disease 2019 care:Dosage and utilization insights

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.It was declared a global pandemic on March 11,2020,by the World Health Organization.An excessive inflammatory response is a severe respiratory manifestation of COVID-19,which becomes predominant in later stages.Due to its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties,dexamethasone is the first systemic glucocorticoid to treat severe COVID-19 patients.This editorial reviews the efficacy and safety of highdose vs low-dose dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19.Findings indicate that using low-dose dexamethasone is beneficial and emphasize the need for additional research on the use of high-dose dexamethasone.While the study provides a robust evidence base,it is limited by the lack of long-term data,focus on specific outcomes and heterogeneity of the included studies.Future research should focus on the long-term effects of dexamethasone and its impact across varying disease severities and patient populations to refine treatment strategies and improve patient care.

Revisiting dexamethasone dosage in COVID-19 management

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has necessitated rapid advancements in therapeutic strategies,with dexamethasone emerging as a key treatment for severe cases.This editorial discusses the systematic review conducted by Sethi et al,published in the World Journal of Virology.The review critically examines the efficacy and safety of varying dosages of dexamethasone in severe COVID-19 patients,providing a comprehensive meta-analysis that underscores the current clinical recommendations favoring a low-dose regimen.Despite these findings,the review highlights the potential benefits of tailored dosages for specific patient subgroups,suggesting a need for personalized treatment approaches.This editorial expands on the implications of these findings,advocating for the integration of evolving clinical data into treatment protocols and calling for further research into patient-specific responses to therapy.It emphasizes the importance of adaptability and precision in pandemic response,urging the medical community to consider both the robustness of existing evidence and the potential for innovative approaches to enhance patient outcomes in the face of global health challenges.

Pulmonary artery stent thrombosis and symptomatic pulmonary hypertension following COVID-19 infection in Alagille patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Alagille syndrome is a multisystem disease that results in various vascular anomalies,commonly involving the cardiac and pulmonary systems.To the best of our knowledge,there is no literature regarding the cardiovascular outcomes of these patients in association with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).CASE SUMMARY A 34-year-old woman with a history of Alagille syndrome who underwent successful atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary veins and patent ductus arteriosus repair,as well as left pulmonary artery catheterization and stenting in childhood due to pulmonary stenosis.The patient was without any respiratory symptoms and was a dancer prior to contracting COVID-19.Several weeks after her COVID-19 infection,she developed left pulmonary artery stent thrombosis and subsequent symptomatic pulmonary hypertension.A treatment strategy of anticoagulation alongside pharmacological agents for pulmonary hypertension for 3 months followed by balloon pulmonary artery angioplasty to reopen the stenosis was unsuccessful.CONCLUSION In the era of COVID-19,patients with pulmonary vascular malformations and endovascular stents are at an increased risk for chronic thromboembolic disease.Patients may benefit from prophylactic antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy.Stent thrombosis is a devastating phenomenon and should be treated urgently and aggressively with balloon pulmonary angioplasty,and/or a thrombolytic agent.

Success of intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids in managing severe COVID-19 following lung transplantation:A case report

BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pneumonia with severe septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)are critical illnesses for patients following transplant.Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG)plays a role in both immune support and inflammation control,especially in immunocompromised patients.This case report describes the first successful experience using IVIG and pulse steroids to manage this critical condition following lung transplantation.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old male patient reported a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and poor lung function and received bilateral sequential lung transplantations.Postoperatively,he developed COVID-19 pneumonia,severe septic shock,and ARDS.He recovered from this critical condition after empirical antibiotics administration and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,in addition to IVIG and pulse steroids.CONCLUSION IVIG is a valuable adjunct in managing severe sepsis in lung transplant recipients after COVID-19 infection.We aim,for the first time,to report the success of such a management approach for COVID-19 ARDS and sepsis in the post-lung transplant setting.With further investigations,this is a starting point for wider analysis of such an approach in this setting and consequently helps guide clinical practice for such a challenging patient population moving forward.

Rhabdomyolysis-related acute kidney injury in COVID-19:A critical concern

Rhabdomyolysis is a severe condition characterized by the breakdown of muscle tissue leading to the release of intracellular components into the bloodstream.This condition,when associated with acute kidney injury(AKI),can result in significant morbidity and mortality,particularly in the context of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This editorial discusses a retrospective study on patients with COVID-19 who developed rhabdomyolysis-related AKI.The study highlights that patients with rhabdomyolysis exhibited higher inflammatory markers,such as Creactive protein,ferritin,and procalcitonin,and experienced worse clinical outcomes compared to those with other causes of AKI.The findings underscore the importance of early recognition and management of rhabdomyolysis in COVID-19 patients to improve prognosis and reduce mortality rates.

Unveiling the impact:COVID-19's influence on bacterial resistance in the Kingdom of Bahrain

BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat,and understanding local trends in bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has introduced additional complexities,potentially influencing these patterns.AIM To analyze trends in bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex from 2018 to 2023,with a specific focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends.METHODS A retrospective analysis of microbiological data was conducted,covering the period from 2018 to 2023.The study included key bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli(E.coli),Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Staphylococcus aureus,among others.The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these isolates were assessed using standard laboratory methods.To contextualize the findings,the findings were compared with similar studies from other regions,including China,India,Romania,Saudi Arabia,the United Arab Emirates,Malaysia,and United States.RESULTS The study revealed fluctuating trends in the prevalence of bacterial isolates,with notable changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.For example,a significant increase in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was observed during the pandemic years,while the prevalence of E.coli showed a more variable pattern.Antibiotic resistance rates varied among the different pathogens,with a concerning rise in resistance to commonly used antibiotics,particularly among Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli.Additionally,the study identified an alarming increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant(MDR)strains,especially within Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli isolates.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends was evident,with shifts in the frequency,resistance patterns,and the emergence of MDR bacteria among several key pathogens.CONCLUSION This study highlights the dynamic nature of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex,particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and effective anti-microbial stewardship programs to combat the evolving threat of antibiotic resistance.Further research and policy initiatives are required to address the identified challenges and improve patient outcomes in the face of these ongoing challenges.

Convergence of COVID-19 and recurrent stroke:In-hospital mortality risks explored

This editorial comments on the article by Desai et al,which investigates the impact of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)on in-hospital mortality among patients with recurrent stroke using data from the 2020 National Inpatient Sample.The findings reveal significantly higher mortality rates in COVID-19-positive patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients,particularly among middle-aged individuals,males,and ethnic minorities.This editorial explores the underlying mechanisms contributing to these outcomes and discusses the clinical implications for targeted management strategies in high-risk groups.The results emphasize the need for comprehensive approaches to mitigate the heightened risks faced by recurrent stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

超声及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363联合诊断PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的临床价值

目的 研究超声及血清细胞角蛋白19(CK-19)、半乳糖凝集素3(Galectin-3)及微小核糖核酸-363(miRNA-363)联合诊断甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移(CLNM)的临床价值。方法 回顾性选取2021年7月至2023年6月在天津市环湖医院诊断的PTMC患者92例纳入研究组,选择同期本院收治的结节性微小甲状腺肿患者92例纳入对照组。观察两组病灶情况及超声特点;比较两组血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平,研究组是否发生CLNM患者病灶超声特点及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平。分析PTMC~CLNM超声特点与血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平的相关性。结果 研究组多枚病灶、病灶>0.5 mm、病灶纵横比≥1、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、病灶微钙化、病灶低回声、淋巴结肿大占比分别为70.65%、71.74%、82.61%、61.96%、72.83%、80.43%、84.78%、70.65%,均大于对照组(31.52%、52.17%、27.17%、25.00%、19.57%、15.22%、66.30%、22.83%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组血清CK-19、Galectin-3水平分别为(30.45±3.31)、(4.68±0.48)μg/L,均高于对照组[(7.05±0.73)、(1.72±0.19)μg/L],血清miRNA-363水平为(2.89±0.30) fmol/L,低于对照组[(4.30±0.46) fmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组发生CLNM患者多枚病灶、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、病灶微钙化、淋巴结肿大占比分别为90.91%、86.36%、95.45%、100.00%、90.91%,均大于未发生CLNM患者(64.29%、54.29%、0、25.00%、64.29%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组发生CLNM患者血清CK-19、Galectin-3水平(41.20±4.42)、(5.94±0.62)μg/L,均高于未发生CLNM患者[(24.36±2.71)、(3.25±0.34)μg/L],血清miRNA-363水平为(2.14±0.23) fmol/L,低于未发生CLNM患者[(3.46±0.36) fmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关分析,CLNM患者多枚病灶、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、淋巴结肿大及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平均与CLNM呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 超声及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363联合诊断PTMC~CLNM具有较高的临床价值。

Galectin-3、Cytokeratin-19与桥本甲状腺炎

目的:探讨Galectin-3、Cytokeratin-19在桥本甲状腺炎中的表达情况。方法:通过对Galectin-3、Cytokeratin-19和桥本甲状腺炎国内外相关文献的检索,总结出Galectin-3、Cytokeratin-19在桥本甲状腺炎中表达情况。结果:Galectin-3、Cytokeratin-19在桥本甲状腺炎中的表达显著高于良性甲状腺肿瘤,其中,呈强阳性者在细胞核及其组织形态上均与甲状腺癌有类似之处,可作为诊断早期桥本甲状腺炎癌变的依据。结论:联合Galectin-3、Cytokeratin-19的检测,可帮助鉴别桥本甲状腺炎是否癌变,其可用FNAB和手术后标本的检测,但其在临床应用中由于免疫组化所需时间长,故应用较局限。

CD19 CAR-T细胞治疗难治/复发急性B淋巴细胞白血病儿童及青少年患者的疗效及安全性

目的探讨CD19嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)治疗对于儿童及青少年难治/复发急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2021年3月接受CD19 CAR-T治疗的<25岁难治/复发B-ALL患者的临床资料,评估该疗法的疗效及安全性。结果共纳入64例难治/复发B-ALL患者,男35例、女29例,中位年龄8.5(1.0~17.0)岁。CD 19 CAR-T回输后1个月进行短期疗效评估,64例患者均获得完全缓解(CR)/完全缓解兼部分血细胞计数缓解(CRi),其中有62例患者达骨髓微小残留病灶(MRD)阴性。细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)及免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征(ICANS)发生率分别为78.1%及23.4%。共22例患者复发,中位复发时间10.1个月,4年总生存(OS)率为(66.0±6.0)%,4年无白血病生存(LFS)率为(63.0±6.0)%。长期随访结果显示桥接异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)患者的LFS和OS率均优于未桥接移植患者(4年LFS率:81.8%±6.2%对24.0%±9.8%,4年OS率:81.4%±5.9%对44.4%±11.2%;均P<0.01)。结论CD 19 CAR-T可有效治疗难治/复发B-ALL,输注后桥接allo-HSCT能进一步改善患者的长期生存情况。

大鼠急性肺栓塞后cytokeratin-19表达下降

目的研究急性肺血栓栓塞大鼠的肺组织中细胞角蛋白19(cytokeratin-19,CK-19)及其分解产物CYFRA21-1的表达变化。方法建立大鼠急性肺血栓栓塞模型并做肺泡灌洗。用半定量RT-PCR法和Western blot法检测CK-19的mRNA和蛋白表达;免疫组化方法检测CK-19在肺组织内的分布;放免法检测血清和肺泡灌洗液中CYFRA21-1的水平;检测动脉血氧饱和度。结果急性肺栓塞后CK-19mRNA和蛋白质水平均逐渐降低;肺泡上皮细胞CK-19的表达明显下降;血清和肺泡灌洗液中CYFRA21-1水平升高;动脉血氧饱和度呈明显下降趋势。结论急性肺栓塞不仅导致CK-19表达降低,而且分解代谢增强,因此CYFRA21-1的检测对于判断急性肺栓塞的严重程度及预后具有重要意义。

Galectin-3、Cytokeratin-19在甲状腺良、恶性肿瘤中的表达

甲状腺肿瘤是作为常见的内分泌腺肿瘤,在总人群中的发病率为6%~9%,大部分为良性,只有约7%为恶性。甲状腺癌的术前诊断现在主要有病史和体格检查,还有颈部B超、颈部CT平扫和I131同位素检查,但这些诊断手段对甲状腺良、恶性肿瘤的确诊特异性均不高。本文对甲状腺肿瘤进行术前细胞学检查(fine needle aspiration,FNA),并采用免疫组化的方法,

骆驼布鲁氏菌活疫苗A19株免疫试验

为通过骆驼布鲁氏菌A19株疫苗免疫试验筛选出适宜的免疫方案,选择布鲁氏菌抗体检测阴性骆驼60头,按照不同剂量、不同年龄分4组颈部皮下注射免疫,并于免疫后不同时间采样检测免疫抗体。结果显示,1~3岁骆驼标准剂量(6×10^(10)CFU/头)免疫后23 d,免疫抗体阳性率为100%,至免疫12个月,免疫抗体阳性率0;1~3岁骆驼减低剂量(1×10^(9)CFU/头)免疫23 d,免疫抗体阳性率为94.1%,至免疫6个月,免疫抗体阳性率为0。3~12月龄骆驼标准剂量免疫38 d,免疫抗体阳性率为50%,免疫6个月,免疫抗体阳性率0。3~12月龄骆驼减低剂量免疫38 d,免疫抗体阳性率为16.7%,免疫6个月,免疫抗体阳性率为0。结果表明,1~3岁骆驼使用布氏菌活疫苗(A19株)标准剂量(6×10^(10)CFU/头)皮下注射免疫,效果最好。

小麦新品种安麦19的选育

安麦19是安阳市农业科学院以中育1154为母本、周麦28为父本,采用改良系谱法选育而成的半冬性小麦新品种,高产、多抗、成穗率高、饱满度好、抗倒性强,于2023年7月通过河南省主要农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:豫审麦20230100。对安麦19的选育过程、特征特性、产量表现和栽培技术要点进行介绍,以期为其推广应用提供参考。

整合分析中国献血者人细小病毒B19 DNA的流行特征

目的:评估我国献血者B19 DNA的阳性率,并明确我国献血者B19分子流行特征,为国内各地区核酸筛查提供初步参考依据。方法:计算机检索PubMed、CNKI和万方数据库,两名研究者独立检索,时限为2000年1月至2022年12月,以中国献血者“人细小病毒B19 DNA”为检索词,使用Stata14.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入了16个研究,包括了32622名献血者,B19 DNA合并阳性率为1.4%(95%CI[0.8%~2.2%])。西南地区献血者B19 DNA合并阳性率最低,为0.4%(95%CI[0~1.3%]),华东地区和中南地区献血者B19 DNA阳性率最高,分别为2.4%(95%CI[0.3%~6.6%])和2.3%(95%CI[0.9%~4.3%]),东北地区献血者B19 DNA阳性率尚无相关调查研究文献。系统进化树分析显示,中国内地献血者的B19主要是基因型1。结论:中国献血者B19 DNA的合并阳性率>1%,存在输血传染B19的风险,建议重点对中国华东和中南地区献血者的血液进行筛查,并明确这两个地区基因型,以降低B19经输血传播的风险。