NONLINEAR DATA RECONCILIATION METHOD BASED ON KERNEL PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

In the industrial process situation, principal component analysis (PCA) is ageneral method in data reconciliation. However, PCA sometime is unfeasible to nonlinear featureanalysis and limited in application to nonlinear industrial process. Kernel PCA (KPCA) is extensionof PCA and can be used for nonlinear feature analysis. A nonlinear data reconciliation method basedon KPCA is proposed. The basic idea of this method is that firstly original data are mapped to highdimensional feature space by nonlinear function, and PCA is implemented in the feature space. Thennonlinear feature analysis is implemented and data are reconstructed by using the kernel. The datareconciliation method based on KPCA is applied to ternary distillation column. Simulation resultsshow that this method can filter the noise in measurements of nonlinear process and reconciliateddata can represent the true information of nonlinear process.

Kernel Generalization of Multi-Rate Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis for Fault Detection in Nonlinear Process

In practical process industries,a variety of online and offline sensors and measuring instruments have been used for process control and monitoring purposes,which indicates that the measurements coming from different sources are collected at different sampling rates.To build a complete process monitoring strategy,all these multi-rate measurements should be considered for data-based modeling and monitoring.In this paper,a novel kernel multi-rate probabilistic principal component analysis(K-MPPCA)model is proposed to extract the nonlinear correlations among different sampling rates.In the proposed model,the model parameters are calibrated using the kernel trick and the expectation-maximum(EM)algorithm.Also,the corresponding fault detection methods based on the nonlinear features are developed.Finally,a simulated nonlinear case and an actual pre-decarburization unit in the ammonia synthesis process are tested to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

FUZZY PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND ITS KERNEL-BASED MODEL

Principal Component Analysis(PCA)is one of the most important feature extraction methods,and Kernel Principal Component Analysis(KPCA)is a nonlinear extension of PCA based on kernel methods.In real world,each input data may not be fully assigned to one class and it may partially belong to other classes.Based on the theory of fuzzy sets,this paper presents Fuzzy Principal Component Analysis(FPCA)and its nonlinear extension model,i.e.,Kernel-based Fuzzy Principal Component Analysis(KFPCA).The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms have good performances.

Application of Particle Swarm Optimization to Fault Condition Recognition Based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis

Panicle swarm optimization （PSO） is an optimization algorithm based on the swarm intelligent principle. In this paper the modified PSO is applied to a kernel principal component analysis （ KPCA ） for an optimal kernel function parameter. We first comprehensively considered within-class scatter and between-class scatter of the sample features. Then, the fitness function of an optimized kernel function parameter is constructed, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive acceleration （CPSO） is applied to optimizing it. It is used for gearbox condi- tion recognition, and the result is compared with the recognized results based on principal component analysis （PCA）. The results show that KPCA optimized by CPSO can effectively recognize fault conditions of the gearbox by reducing bind set-up of the kernel function parameter, and its results of fault recognition outperform those of PCA. We draw the conclusion that KPCA based on CPSO has an advantage in nonlinear feature extraction of mechanical failure, and is helpful for fault condition recognition of complicated machines.

Statistical Monitoring of Chemical Processes Based on Sensitive Kernel Principal Components

核主管部件分析(KPCA ) 方法采用开始的几个核主管部件(KPC ) ，它为过程监视显示正常观察的大多数变化信息，但是不能反映差错信息。在这研究，敏感内核主管部件分析(SKPCA ) 被建议改进监视性能的过程，即，错过了察觉率处理 T2 统计、摆平的预言错误 SPE 统计数值和还原剂的不和。T2 统计数值能被用来沿着每 KPC 直接测量变化并且分析察觉表演以及在一个过程捕获最有用的信息。随沿着每 KPC 的 T2 统计数值的变化率的计算， SKPCA 为进程监视选择敏感内核主管部件。一个模仿的简单系统和田纳西伊斯门过程被采用在联机监视上表明 SKPCA 的效率。结果显示监视表演显著地被改进。

Comparison of Kernel Entropy Component Analysis with Several Dimensionality Reduction Methods

Dimensionality reduction techniques play an important role in data mining. Kernel entropy component analysis( KECA) is a newly developed method for data transformation and dimensionality reduction. This paper conducted a comparative study of KECA with other five dimensionality reduction methods,principal component analysis( PCA),kernel PCA( KPCA),locally linear embedding( LLE),laplacian eigenmaps( LAE) and diffusion maps( DM). Three quality assessment criteria, local continuity meta-criterion( LCMC),trustworthiness and continuity measure(T&C),and mean relative rank error( MRRE) are applied as direct performance indexes to assess those dimensionality reduction methods. Moreover,the clustering accuracy is used as an indirect performance index to evaluate the quality of the representative data gotten by those methods. The comparisons are performed on six datasets and the results are analyzed by Friedman test with the corresponding post-hoc tests. The results indicate that KECA shows an excellent performance in both quality assessment criteria and clustering accuracy assessing.

基于SMOTE-IKPCA-SeNet深度迁移学习的小批量生产质量预测研究

随着智能制造技术的发展和客户个性化需求的增加,多品种小批量生产方式逐渐成为制造业的主流。面向大批量生产、以统计过程控制为核心的质量管理方式并不适用于小批量生产。针对复杂生产过程存在参数多、非线性和交互作用的问题,提出利用深度迁移学习的方式将历史生产数据作为源域迁移至小样本目标产品数据进行质量预测。首先,通过合成少数类过采样技术(synthetic minority over-sampling technique,SMOTE)和改进的核主成分分析(improved kernel principal component analysis,IKPCA)算法筛选源域和目标域的可迁移特征,这不仅兼顾了特征重要性和可迁移性,还减少了“负迁移”,提高了模型泛化能力;然后,采用结合通道注意力机制的卷积神经网络SeNet构建基于深度迁移学习的质量预测模型。仿真结果表明,随着目标域样本的增加,所提方法的预测准确性明显优于广泛采用的支持向量机建模方法。同时,所提可迁移特征筛选方法显著提高了深度迁移学习的质量预测效果,为复杂的小批量生产过程质量保证提供了新方法。

基于KPCA-PSO-ELM算法的地表水化学需氧量紫外-可见吸收光谱检测研究

化学需氧量(COD)是水质检测重要指标之一,反映水体有机物含量。传统的COD化学检测方法存在操作繁琐,等待时间长,二次污染等缺点。紫外-可见吸收光谱法是目前水体化学需氧量检测中应用最为广泛的方法之一,具有检测快速、无污染等特点。为了满足地表水化学需氧量快速、实时、在线监测等要求,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱进行测量,提出了内核主成分分析(KPCA)结合粒子群优化极限学习机(PSO-ELM)预测模型,满足当前对地表水化学需氧量快速、实时监测的要求。对光谱进行Savitzky-Golay(SG)滤波以降低随机噪声的影响;用积分光谱代替原光谱,以降低信号波动带来的影响;再将得到的光谱信息归一化,消除不同光谱数据量纲的影响。将预处理后的数据利用KPCA算法将全光谱数据压缩为5个特征,有效解决光谱信息冗余的问题;采用PSO算法对ELM的权重和偏置进行优化极大提高了模型的精度。对217个河流、长江及支流、湖库等地表水样本按照7∶3随机划分成训练集和测试集,并进行建模测试,其中训练集拟合优度(R2)为0.930 2、均方根误差(RMSE)为0.363 0 mg·L^(-1)、测试集拟合优度R2为0.931 9、均方根误差(RMSE)为0.400 7 mg·L^(-1)。为了验证提出的基于KPCA全光谱数据压缩方法对预测模型的提升效果,分别对比了主成分分析(PCA)、连续投影算法(SPA)、套索回归(LASSO)等特征处理算法。PCA-PSO-ELM模型的RMSE为0.715 1 mg·L^(-1)、 SPA-PSO-ELM模型的RMSE为0.473 7 mg·L^(-1)、 LASSO-PSO-ELM模型的RMSE为0.412 6 mg·L^(-1), KPCA-PSO-ELM模型较上述三种模型,RMSE分别降低了78.46%、 18.22%、 2.97%,结果表明KPCA是一种高效的光谱降维算法,能够有效消除光谱冗余信息,提升模型预测精度。基于KPCA-PSO-ELM预测模型结合紫外-可见吸收光谱可以实现对地表水COD快速、实时检测,为在线COD检测场景提供方法支撑。

基于KPCA-CNN-DBiGRU模型的短期负荷预测方法

本文针对已有神经网络模型在短期负荷预测中输入维度过高、预测误差较大等问题,提出了一种结合核主成分分析、卷积神经网络和深度双向门控循环单元的短期负荷预测方法。先运用核主成分分析法对原始高维输入变量进行降维,再通过卷积深度双向门控循环单元网络模型进行负荷预测。以第九届全国电工数学建模竞赛试题A题中的负荷数据作为实际算例,结果表明所提方法较降维之前预测误差大大降低,与已有预测方法相比也有大幅的误差降低。

基于KPCA特征量降维的风电并网系统暂态电压稳定性评估

针对电力系统暂态电压稳定性评估中所需特征量数据庞大,影响模型训练时间,降低计算效率等问题,提出了一种基于核主成分分析方法KPCA和CPSO-BP组合的风电并网系统暂态电压稳定性评估方法.首先根据输入特征采集原始特征集,采用核主成分分析算法对特征量进行非线性数据处理,提取出最优的特征集.然后将降维后的特征集作为CPSO-BP神经网络输入量进行监督学习,将得到的模型按照临界故障切除时间裕度值的大小进行分类,将分类后的样本进行风电并网系统的暂态电压稳定性评估和临界故障切除时间裕度值预测.仿真分析结果表明,对输入特征进行降维,保留重要输入特征量,剔除冗余特征量,不仅简化了模型,还提高了网络评估的准确性和计算效率.

基于KPCA-WOA-SVM的住宅工程造价预测

在项目决策阶段,准确预测住宅工程造价对提高工程项目决策的科学性至关重要,引入人工智能及机器技术能进一步提高预测的精准度。通过文献梳理,确定决策阶段住宅工程造价的影响指标,用核主成分分析(KPCA)对影响指标进行降维,利用鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)确定支持向量机(SVM)的惩罚参数与核参数,最终构建基于KPCA-WOA-SVM的住宅工程造价预测模型。采用江苏省近5年的70组住宅工程造价数据对模型进行验证,结果表明:与BP神经网络模型、SVM模型和WOA-SVM模型相比,KPCA-WOA-SVM模型预测精准度更高,适用性更好。

基于KPCA-LSSVM的回采工作面瓦斯涌出量的预测

为了提高瓦斯涌出量预测精度,针对瓦斯涌出量影响因素具有线性重叠、高维非线性等问题,提出使用核主成分分析法(KPCA)对影响因素进行非线性降维。选取沈阳某矿30组样本数据,以前24组数据作为训练集,后6组数据作为测试集,将确定后的核主成分作为最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的输入变量,建立KPCA-LSSVM预测模型,将预测结果与PCA-LSSVM、LSSVM、多元非线性回归、KPCA-BP神经网络、PCA-BP神经网络以及BP神经网络预测结果进行对比。以最大相对误差绝对值作为模型预测精度的评价指标。研究结果表明:当选取前4个核主成分时,即达到模型训练要求。KPCA-LSSVM模型的预测最大相对误差绝对值为5.89%,预测精度均优于其他6种对比模型。研究结果可为实现瓦斯涌出量高精度预测提供参考。

Multivariate time delay analysis based local KPCA fault prognosis approach for nonlinear processes

Currently,some fault prognosis technology occasionally has relatively unsatisfied performance especially for incipient faults in nonlinear processes duo to their large time delay and complex internal connection.To overcome this deficiency,multivariate time delay analysis is incorporated into the high sensitive local kernel principal component analysis.In this approach,mutual information estimation and Bayesian information criterion(BIC) are separately used to acquire the correlation degree and time delay of the process variables.Moreover,in order to achieve prediction,time series prediction by back propagation(BP) network is applied whose input is multivariate correlated time series other than the original time series.Then the multivariate time delayed series and future values obtained by time series prediction are combined to construct the input of local kernel principal component analysis(LKPCA) model for incipient fault prognosis.The new method has been exemplified in a simple nonlinear process and the complicated Tennessee Eastman(TE) benchmark process.The results indicate that the new method has superiority in the fault prognosis sensitivity over other traditional fault prognosis methods.

Multivariate Cluster and Principle Component Analyses of Selected Yield Traits in Uzbek Bread Wheat Cultivars

Investigation of genetic diversity of geographically distant wheat genotypes is a useful approach in wheat breeding providing efficient crop varieties. This article presents multivariate cluster and principal component analyses (PCA) of some yield traits of wheat, such as thousand-kernel weight (TKW), grain number, grain yield and plant height. Based on the results, an evaluation of economically valuable attributes by eigenvalues made it possible to determine the components that significantly contribute to the yield of common wheat genotypes. Twenty-five genotypes were grouped into four clusters on the basis of average linkage. The PCA showed four principal components (PC) with eigenvalues > 1, explaining approximately 90.8% of the total variability. According to PC analysis, the variance in the eigenvalues was the greatest (4.33) for PC-1, PC-2 (1.86) and PC-3 (1.01). The cluster analysis revealed the classification of 25 accessions into four diverse groups. Averages, standard deviations and variances for clusters based on morpho-physiological traits showed that the maximum average values for grain yield (742.2), biomass (1756.7), grains square meter (18,373.7), and grains per spike (45.3) were higher in cluster C compared to other clusters. Cluster D exhibited the maximum thousand-kernel weight (TKW) (46.6).

基于KPCA-GA-BP模型的页岩气集输管道的内腐蚀速率预测

针对页岩气集输管道的内腐蚀,提出了一种基于KPCA-GA-BP组合模型的腐蚀速率预测算法。以某条页岩气集输管道的检测结果作为训练数据,运用反向传播(BP)神经网络建立预测模型,运用遗传算法(GA)优化了神经网络权值和阈值的初始值,运用核主成分分析法(KPCA)对数据进行了降维,在模型建立的过程中不断优化提升模型的预测精度,采用所建模型对另一条相邻管道进行预测并开挖验证。结果表明:选择TRAINGDM作为训练函数,隐含层节点为(8,1),遗传算法进化数为50,种群规模为100,交叉概率为0.3,变异概率为0.2,运用KPCA将数据从7维降为4维后,此模型的均方误差最低为0.12,当该模型用于相邻管道的预测时,均方误差为0.14。运用KPCAGA-BP模型,对页岩气集输管道内腐蚀速率进行预测具有一定的准确性,此模型可用于辅助指导现场内腐蚀直接评价等相关工作。

基于KPCA和XGBoost算法的非侵入式负荷辨识方法

为了实现非侵入式负荷监测的功能并提高负荷辨识准确率,文中提出一种基于机器学习的负荷辨识方法。在家用电器电流波形及各次谐波特征的数据中,采用核主成分分析方法(Kernel Principal Components Analysis,KPCA),解决非线性特征提取与降维的问题,最大限度抽取特征信息。再利用一维卷积核提取时序特征并压缩后输入到XGBoost模型,得到负荷辨识结果。通过在实验室中采集数据进行算法验证,文中提出算法在各类用电器的识别中均具有较高的准确率。

非盲源KPCA剩余噪声比阈值层析SAR成像方法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)层析成像技术是基于干涉SAR测量技术发展而来的先进三维成像技术。层析SAR通过第三维反演技术将叠掩在同一距离-方位分辨单元的散射体进行分离而实现SAR的三维成像。因此,叠掩在同一距离-方位分辨单元的散射体分离是层析成像的关键。文中提出了一种非盲源散射体分离算法,结合核主成分分析和剩余噪声比阈值,估计同一距离-方位分辨单元内散射体的个数,并反演其位置。在满足完整度的同时,尽可能抑制噪声。该方法利用核主成分分析,人为增加核矩阵维度,从而减少系统的导向向量偏差;并且加入剩余成分中噪声强度比的计算作为算法的约束条件,从而降低了噪声信号误判的可能性。实验结果表明,所提方法在各个方面都优于传统的层析反演方法,并且高度重建精度得到一定程度的提高。

Kernel Factor Analysis Algorithm with Varimax

Kernal factor analysis （KFA） with vafimax was proposed by using Mercer kernel function which can map the data in the original space to a high-dimensional feature space, and was compared with the kernel principle component analysis （KPCA）. The results show that the best error rate in handwritten digit recognition by kernel factor analysis with vadmax （4.2%） was superior to KPCA （4.4%）. The KFA with varimax could more accurately image handwritten digit recognition.

基于GA-IPSO-KPCA和变权组合模型的电动汽车充电方法

需求电压和需求电流是充电桩对电动汽车安全充电的重要依据。然而,随着电池的老化,电池管理系统的数据可能出现错误,使得电动汽车在充电时存在安全隐患。针对该问题,建立最小二乘支持向量机和深度置信网络的组合预测模型,提出一种基于变权组合模型的电动汽车充电方法。首先,针对数据掉线缺失问题,使用K均值和反距离加权方法对数据进行插值;然后,使用改进的混合核主成分分析算法对完整数据进行主成分提取,并使用改进粒子群优化算法自动确定混合核函数的权重。基于真实电动汽车数据的实验结果表明,所提方法能够准确地预测需求电压和需求电流,具有实际意义和可行性。