Preventive effect of kiwi berry(Actinidia arguta)on loperamide-induced constipation

Constipation is a common intestinal disease.Kiwi berries can effectively prevent constipation.However,studies have yet to be done to determine how kiwi berries prevent constipation.For two weeks,mice in this study were continually orally gavaged with kiwi berry,loperamide,or a combination of the 2.This study found that the kiwi group's feces had more water than the constipated mice.In addition,kiwi berries can speed up gastrointestinal transit(GI),shorten the time it takes to pass the first dark stool,and dramatically enhance body weight gain.In the interstitial cells of Caj al(ICC)cells and colon tissues,alterations in the protein expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP),protein kinase A(PKA),and aquapcrin-3(AQP3)were found.At 3,6,and 12 h of ICC cells and mouse colon,the kiwi group's VIP,cAMP,PKA,and AQP3 protein expression levels were lower than those of the constipated mice.The kiwi berry can decrease the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and boost the diversity and quantity of gut microbiota.By influencing the gut microbiota and VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway,kiwi berries prevent constipation.

Kiwi胎头真空吸引器在阴道助产分娩中的应用研究

目的探讨Kiwi胎头真空吸引器在阴道助产分娩中的应用价值。方法选取2020年7月至2023年3月于扬州大学临床医学院使用Kiwi胎头真空吸引器实施胎头吸引的初产孕妇30例为胎吸组,同时选取计划阴道分娩而后因特殊原因行剖宫产终止妊娠的孕妇23例为剖宫产组。比较2组术中及术后情况及新生儿相关指标。结果2组第二产程时间、产时出血量、产后24 h出血量、产后住院时间及软产道损伤、产后会阴水肿发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组产后尿潴留发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组新生儿出生体重及头皮血肿、颅内出血发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胎吸组新生儿中,3例娩出后1 min Apgar评分分别为8、9、6分。剖宫产组新生儿中,仅1例娩出后1 min Apgar评分为7分。胎吸组新生儿中,有9例(30.00%)因黄疸、呼吸急促、窒息等原因转至新生儿科;剖宫产组新生儿中,有4例(17.39%)因黄疸、新生儿低血糖、鼻塞等原因转至新生儿科。胎吸组转科新生儿中,2例(15.38%)出现高总胆红素血症,剖宫产组未出现高总胆红素血症。胎吸组、剖宫产组新生儿动脉血pH值分别为(7.38±0.02)、(7.45±0.02),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Kiwi胎头真空吸引器操作简便,适用范围广,其应用于阴道助产中有效缩短产程,降低剖宫产率、产妇及新生儿相关并发症发生率。

Kiwi Omni胎头吸引器在阴道助产分娩中的应用

目的评估Kiwi Omni胎头吸引器在阴道助产分娩中的安全性及有效性。方法收集规律产检且通过阴道助产分娩的45例孕妇作为研究对象,其中使用Kiwi Omni胎头吸引器的16例为观察组,使用产钳的29例为对照组。对比观察组与对照组的产妇阴道裂伤率、会阴侧切率、新生儿出生后阿普加评分、新生儿脐动脉血气分析及新生儿头皮下血肿、颅内出血等情况,评估不同阴道助产分娩方式的安全性。结果观察组产妇中阴道裂伤1例(6%)、会阴侧切6例(32%),对照组产妇中出现阴道裂伤10例(34%)、会阴侧切23例(88%),观察组产妇的阴道裂伤率及会阴侧切率均低于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组新生儿中出现头皮下血肿4例(25%),对照组新生儿中仅1例(3%)出现头皮下血肿,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组新生儿的阿普加评分、脐动脉血气分析、转科率及住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 Kiwi Omni胎头吸引器在阴道助产分娩中可以降低产妇软产道损伤,不增加新生儿窒息率及新生儿转科率。

导航电子地图数据格式Kiwi中主地图数据的提取

提出了用面向对象思想与C++语言解释和提取Kiwi中主地图数据的方法,实现了主地图数据向Map-Info的MIF明码格式的转换,并给出了实例。

新西兰Kiwi Net创新网络的构建及启示

农业特色鲜明的新西兰拥有突出的政府工作效率,被评为亚太地区最具创新力的国家之一。Kiwi Net对新西兰高校和皇家研究所的公费科学成果的转移转化起到关键性作用,也是新西兰不断发展的科学体系的重要支持。从战略政策、行动举措、创新机构3个层面梳理新西兰创新环境背景,并研究Kiwi Net创新网络的构成及其运行机制,提出适应我国国情以及社会文化的建议与意见。

Study on Fermentation Technology of Kiwi wine

[ Objective] The aim was to discuss the optimum fermentation technology of kiwi wine. [Method] Effects of pH, SO2 concentration, fer- mentation temperature, yeast inoculums amount on the quality of kiwi wine were investigated by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. P, esult] The optimum conditions were as follows： fermentation temperature （22 ℃ ）, yeast inoculums （0.20 g/L）, SO2 concentration （60 mg/L） and pH （3.5）. The kiwi wine produced under these conditions was yellowish green, transparent, moderately acidic with strong fruit flavor and aro- ma. [ Conclusion]The study provided a theoretical foundation for the development and production of deeply processed products of kiwifruit.

Kiwi胎儿真空吸引器在分娩助产应用中的效果分析

目的:探讨Kiwi胎儿真空吸引器在分娩助产应用中的效果。方法:选择2019年1月-2019年6月我院接收的64例产妇作为研究对象,根据是否使用Kiwi胎儿真空吸引器助产分为对照组(32例,未使用)和观察组(32例,使用)。比较两组产妇基本情况,对比两组产妇产时出血量,会阴侧切和新生儿产伤的发生率,对比两组新生儿Apgar评分,对比两组产妇的剖宫产指征、剖宫产率。结果:观察组产妇产时出血量低于对照组,观察组新生儿Apgar评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组出现持续性枕横位或枕后位所占比例及剖宫产率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Kiwi胎儿真空吸引器在分娩助产应用中的效果更理想,能够降低产妇产时出血量,减少新生儿出现持续性枕横位或枕后位,降低剖宫产率,更好的保证产妇和胎儿的身体健康,值得推广应用。

基于Kiwi数据格式的地图显示研究

在分析Kiwi显示数据存储组织方法的基础上,研究了Kiwi显示数据在内存中的动态组织,改进了地图显示的二级缓存方法,提出了地图显示的双缓冲池策略。试验结果表明,本文研究的数据动态组织方法和地图显示策略提高了地图显示速度。

由KIWI数据格式到MapInfo数据格式的转换研究

提出了基于VC++工具将KIWI数据格式转换成MapInfo数据格式的方法和途径,给出了实例,并对转换效果进行了分析。

Prediction of kiwifruit firmness using fruit mineral nutrient concentration by artificial neural network(ANN) and multiple linear regressions(MLR)

Many properties of fruit are influenced by plant nutrition. Fruit firmness is one of the most important fruit characteristics and determines post-harvest life of the fruit, in recent decades, artificial intelligence systems were employed for developing predictive models to estimate and predict many agriculture processes. In the present study, the predictive capabilities of multiple linear regressions （MLR） and artificial neural networks （ANNs） are evaluated to estimate fruit firmness in six months, including each of nutrients concentrations （nitrogen （N）, potassium （K）, calcium （Ca） and magnesium （Mg）） alone （P1）, com- bination of nutrients concentrations （P2）, nutrient concentration ratios alone （P3）, and combination of nutrient concentrations and nutrient concentration ratios （P4）. The results showed that MLR model estimated fruit firmness more accuracy than ANN model in three datasets （P1, P2 and P4）. However, the application of P3 （N/Ca ratio） as the input dataset in ANN model improved the prediction of fruit firmness than the MLR model. Correlation coefficient and root mean squared error （RMSE） were 0.850 and 0.539 between the measured and the estimated data by the ANN model, respectively. Generally, the ANN model showed greater potential in determining the relationship between 6-mon-fruit firmness and nutrients concentration.

Correlation between Leaf Size and Fruit Quality of Kiwi

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of leaf size on fruit quality of kiwi and relevant mechanism. [Method] The correlation between leaf shape and fruit quality of kiwi was studied during 2013-2015. [Result] The results of statistical analysis showed that the sing weight, longitudinal diameter, width, thickness, shape index and juice sugar content of fruit were 75.86±1.68 g, 73.284± 0.70 mm, 41.18±0.51 mm, 35.30±0.25 mm, 1.92±0.01 and （15.66±0.26）%, respec- tively; the length, width, shape index and area of leaf were 14.77±0.20 cm, 14.25± 0.16 cm, 0.94±0.09 and 152.39±3.26 cm^2, respectively; and the length and diameter of petiole were 11.03±0.25 cm and （31.50±0.79 mm）/10, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the single fruit weight of kiwi was strongly positively related to fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit width, fruit thickness and leaf shape index, was significantly positively related to leaf length, was weakly positively related to petiole length, was positively related to leaf area, was weakly negatively related to leaf width and petiole diameter, and was negatively related to juice sugar content. The results of regression analysis showed that there was significant difference be- tween single fruit weight and juice sugar content （F=0.851 8, P〈0.01）, instead of fruit longitudinal diameter （F=0.000 6, P〉0.05）, fruit width （F=0.001 4, P〉0.05） and fruit thickness （F=0.005 4, P〉0.05）; there was significant correlation between single fruit weight and leaf area （F=0.671 5, P〈0.01）, instead of leaf length （F=0.139 3, P〉0.05）, leaf width （F=0.358 5, P〉0.05） and leaf shape index （F=0.294 0, P〉0.05）; there were significant correlations between juice sugar content and leaf length （F= 0.816 1, P〈0.01）, leaf width （F=0.970 1, P〈0.01）, leaf area （F=0.560 6, P〈0.01） and leaf shape index （F=0.885 1, P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] Fruit single weight and oth- er quality properties could be predicted from leaf size, and leaf size can be used as the main basis for judging the quality of fruit.

基于内存池的KIWI数据组织方法研究

基于对KIWI数据格式的索引数据和地图数据的统计分析,总结出其组织和存储的规律。针对嵌入式设备的应用特点,提出了一种基于内存池的数据组织方法,并给出了相关类的结构定义和核心方法的实现过程。最后对几种常用的换页算法进行了对比分析和实验验证,结果表明内存池方法显著地提高了数据加载与解析的效率。

Kiwi胎头吸引器在阴道助产分娩中的应用

目的分析Kiwi胎头吸引器在阴道助产分娩中应用的临床安全性。方法20例阴道试产宫口开全时出现异常情况的产妇,13例选择剖宫产,7例选择Kiwi胎头吸引助产。观察产妇术后情况(术后24 h出血量、软产道撕裂伤、住院时间)及新生儿预后情况(出生体重、出生后1 min Apgar评分、新生儿脐动脉血气分析、头皮下血肿、颅内出血、新生儿高胆红素血症及转科)。结果剖宫产产妇术后24 h出血量为(407±108)ml,Kiwi胎头吸引助产产妇产后24 h出血量为(298±75)ml;所有产妇无软产道撕裂伤发生;剖宫产产妇住院时间为(6.1±1.2)d,Kiwi胎头吸引助产产妇住院时间为(5.3±1.4)d。剖宫产产妇的新生儿出生体重为(3196±428)g,Kiwi胎头吸引助产产妇的新生儿出生体重为(3084±407)g;20例新生儿均无出生缺陷,出生后1 min Apgar评为7~10分,Kiwi胎头吸引助产产妇无新生儿窒息发生,剖宫产产妇有1例新生儿轻度窒息;剖宫产产妇新生儿脐动脉血气pH值为(7.21±0.03),Kiwi胎头吸引助产产妇新生儿脐动脉血气pH值为(7.23±0.04);无头皮下血肿及颅内出血新生儿病例,剖宫产产妇新生儿有1例高胆红素血症,经服药治疗后治愈,Kiwi胎头吸引助产产妇新生儿有1例高胆红素血症。共有2例新生儿转儿科,1例因剖宫产后新生儿轻度窒息复苏后转科,1例因Kiwi胎头吸引助产后4 d因"高胆红素血症"转科。结论Kiwi胎头吸引器在阴道助产分娩中有助于降低剖宫产率,不增加新生儿窒息率及新生儿转科率,不增加产妇产后并发症发生率,安全有效,值得临床推广应用。

KIWI胎儿真空吸引器在阴道助产分娩中的安全性及有效性

目的探析KIWI胎儿真空吸引器在阴道助产分娩中的安全性及有效性。方法100例行阴道助产分娩的产妇,采用数字随机表法分为对照组及观察组,各50例。对照组采用产钳助产,观察组采用KIWI胎儿真空吸引器助产。对比两组产妇的阴道分娩成功情况及并发症发生情况,并比较两组新生儿并发症发生情况、身长及体质量。结果观察组产妇的阴道分娩成功率100.0%高于对照组的88.0%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇的并发症发生率4.0%低于对照组的16.0%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿的并发症发生率2.0%低于对照组的14.0%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组新生儿身长、体质量对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在阴道助产分娩中应用KIWI胎儿真空吸引器助产可提高分娩成功率,同时可降低产妇及新生儿的并发症发生率,值得推广应用。

Technology of Extracting Kiwi Fruit Seed Oil with Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzyme and Response Surface Method

Taken kiwi fruit as raw material, this paper extracted kiwi fruit seed oil with ultrasonic-assisted enzyme, researched the influence of factors such as liquid-to-solid ratio, granularity, type of enzyme, ultrasonic power, treating time, enzymolysis temperature, enzymolysis time, pH and enzyme additive on oil extraction, and optimized the extracting technology of kiwi fruit seed oil with response surface method. The result shows that the best technical parameter is: material granularity: 60, liquid-to-solid ratio: 1:10 (g/mL), ultrasonic power: 400 W, treating time: 30 min, enzyme amount: 2.50%, pH: 9.2, enzymolysis temperature: 53&deg;C, enzymolysis time: 2.80 h;and the extracting ratio under such condition is 92.57%.

Kiwi胎头吸引器在阴道助产分娩中的应用效果及安全性分析

目的探讨Kiwi胎头吸引器在阴道助产分娩中的应用效果及安全性。方法选取166例行阴道助产分娩产妇,采用随机数字表法将其分为试验组和对照组,各83例。试验组采用Kiwi胎头吸引器阴道助产分娩,对照组使用传统胎头吸引器进行阴道助产分娩。比较两组的阴道助产分娩成功率及母婴并发症发生情况。结果试验组产妇阴道助产成功分娩率为100%,对照组产妇阴道助产成功分娩率为95.18%,试验组产妇阴道助产成功分娩率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组和对照组产妇产后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但试验组产后出血率1.20%明显低于对照组的9.64%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组行传统胎头吸引助产失败的4例产妇均改行产钳术成功助产阴道分娩。两组新生儿1min、5min、10min的Apgar评分、酸碱度(pH)、氧分压(PO_(2))、二氧化碳分压(PCO_(2))及血碱剩余(BE)指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组、对照组新生儿头皮下血肿发生率分别为12.05%、24.10%,比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与传统胎头吸引器相比,使用Kiwi胎头吸引器助产可提高阴道助产成功率,降低产妇产后出血风险及新生儿头皮下血肿的发生率。

Preparation of Microcapsules and Half Life of the Kiwi Fruit Seed Oil by Complex Coacervation

The experiment adopts complex coacervation to prepare microcapsules. Through the experimental comparison, soybean protein isolated-maltodextrin is determined as the wall material for the experimental preparation of the microcapsules of kiwi fruit seed oil. This paper researched the effects of wall material concentration, core wall ratio and other factors on complex coacervation of kiwi fruit seed oil microcapsules embedding rate, determining that the best wall material concentration is 1%, core wall ratio is 1:1, and the optimum pH ratio is 3.0, temperature is 40&deg;C, and the optimum curing time is 6 hours. The experiment carried out half life research on the microcapsules prepared by the complex coacervation of kiwi fruit seed oil microcapsule. By calculation: the degradation rate constant of kiwi fruit seed oil microcapsules prepared by complex coacervation is 2.793. According to the regression equation it can calculate the half life of kiwi fruit seed oil microcapsules is 18.58 months, about a year and a half.

The Problems in Circulation Channel of Dujiangyan Kiwi Fruit and the Countermeasures

Based on the overview of researches on circulation channel of agricultural products,this article presents the status quo of circulation channel of Dujiangyan kiwi fruit,including the production and circulation pattern of Dujiangyan kiwi fruit. Then it analyzes the problems in the current circulation channel of Dujiangyan kiwi fruit as follows: first,the long circulation channel leads to inefficient circulation and high costs; second,the deep processing capacity is poor,and the added value of fruits is low; third,the application of cold chain logistics technology is insufficient; fourth, blocked information circulation makes the cooperative relations between the subjects in channel fragile. Finally corresponding countermeasures and recommendations are put forward as follows: shortening circulation channel and improving circulation efficiency; improving deep processing capacity,and increasing added value of fruits; strengthening the use of cold chain logistics technology and equipments; establishing rational interest distribution mechanism,and consolidating cooperation between the circulation subjects.

Hybridisation in kiwi(Apteryx;Apterygidae)requires taxonomic revision for the Great Spotted Kiwi

Background:Kiwi(Apteryx spp.)are flightless ratites from New Zealand whose numbers and distributions have declined following human arrival.Some of the kiwi species are known to hybridise but the extent of hybridization is unknown.Methods:We reviewed hybridisation in kiwi(Apteryx spp.)and present new genetic data examining the extent of hybridisation between Rowi(A.rowi)and Little Spotted Kiwi(A.owenii)at Okarito,the location of the only remaining natural population of the threatened Rowi.We also genetically examined the syntype specimens of A.haastii Potts,1872,collected from near Okarito in the 1870s,which have unusual morphologies.Results:We found evidence of recurrent hybridisation between Rowi and Little Spotted Kiwi over the last 150 years,including one F1 hybrid found in the last 15 years,despite Little Spotted Kiwi’s likely extinction on the mainland in the 1970s.However,we found little evidence of introgression of Little Spotted Kiwi alleles into the extant Rowi popula-tion.The syntype specimens of A.haastii were also found to be hybrids between Little Spotted Kiwi and Rowi.Conclusions:Our genetic analyses indicate that,although we detected multiple instances of hybridisation between Rowi and Little Spotted Kiwi,it does not appear to be an ongoing threat to Rowi.Because the syntype specimens of A.haastii are hybrids and therefore not representative of the prevailing usage of the name for the Great Spotted Kiwi(A.haastii),we resurrect the nomen oblitum A.maxima Sclater and Hochstetter,1861 for the large spotted kiwi species.

Assessment of Soil Water Content and Remote Sensing Techniques--Case Study of Kiwi Orchard （Portugal）

Soil water management plays an important role in the response of kiwi plants （Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev.）. In GuimarSes district soil moisture content is monitored in kiwifi＇uit orchard as a routine parameter. Drip irrigation system is the method used. This crop tends to have high water requirements and extends over a wide area in Portugal, requiring innovative solutions to achieve better benefits. A method that correlates soil and crop conditions with the parameters of remote sensing was established in this study. To assess the level of accuracy of soil moisture measurements from satellites, it is important to compare satellite image with ground real data （namely the frequency domain reflectometry （FDR）, Diviner 2000）. The combination of multispectral satellite images produces an image representative of vegetation vigour, density and health. In this study, Landsat satellite images （2011 and 2013） are used and vegetation indexes are calculated for different periods of time, using the software Idrisi Taiga. The information of vegetation indexes is crossed with data of soil moisture, in situ, to establish a correlation between both of them. Thus, it allows to improve the soil water content monitoring, in particular for the soil water balance optimization and its effect on kiwi biornass production.