Analysis of the causes of primary revision after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A case series

BACKGROUND Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)has great advantages in the treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis,but its revision rate is higher than that of total knee arthroplasty.AIM To summarize and analyse the causes of revision after UKA.METHODS This is a retrospective case series study in which the reasons for the first revision after UKA are summarized.We analysed the clinical symptoms,medical histories,laboratory test results,imaging examination results and treatment processes of the patients who underwent revision and summarized the reasons for primary revision after UKA.RESULTS A total of 13 patients,including 3 males and 10 females,underwent revision surgery after UKA.The average age of the included patients was 67.62 years.The prosthesis was used for 3 d to 72 months.The main reasons for revision after UKA were improper suturing of the surgical opening(1 patient),osteophytes(2 patients),intra-articular loose bodies(2 patients),tibial prosthesis loosening(2 patients),rheumatoid arthritis(1 patient),gasket dislocation(3 patients),anterior cruciate ligament injury(1 patient),and medial collateral ligament injury with residual bone cement(1 patient).CONCLUSION The causes of primary revision after UKA were gasket dislocation,osteophytes,intra-articular loose bodies and tibial prosthesis loosening.Avoidance of these factors may greatly reduce the rate of revision after UKA,improve patient satisfaction and reduce medical burden.

Insights into complications after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Zhao's study,offers a comprehensive analysis of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)revision indications.The study provides a detailed,case-by-case analysis of the factors leading to knee revision surgery in 13 patients.Not only elucidates the complexities of UKA revisions but also underscores the importance of continuous improvement in surgical techniques and the adoption of innovative technologies.

Assessment of the effectiveness of weight-adjusted antibiotic administration,for reduced duration,in surgical prophylaxis of primary hip and knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Prophylactic antibiotics have significantly led to a reduction in the risk of postoperative surgical site infections(SSI)in orthopaedic surgery.The aim of using antibiotics for this purpose is to achieve serum and tissue drug levels that exceed,for the duration of the operation,the minimum inhibitory concentration of the likely organisms that are encountered.Prophylactic antibiotics reduce the rate of SSIs in lower limb arthroplasty from between 4%and 8%to between 1%and 3%.Controversy,however,still surrounds the optimal frequency and dosing of antibiotic administration.AIM To evaluate the impact of introduction of a weight-adjusted antibiotic prophylaxis regime,combined with a reduction in the duration of administration of post-operative antibiotics on SSI incidence during the 2 years following primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty METHODS Following ethical approval,patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty(THA)/total knee arthroplasty(TKA)with the old regime(OR)of a preoperative dose[cefazolin 2 g intravenously(IV)],and two subsequent doses(2 h and 8 h),were compared to those after a change to a new regime(NR)of a weight-adjusted preoperative dose(cefazolin 2 g IV for patients<120 kg;cefazolin 3g IV for patients>120 kg)and a post-operative dose at 2 h.The primary outcome in both groups was SSI rates during the 2 years post-operatively.RESULTS A total of n=1273 operations(THA n=534,TKA n=739)were performed in n=1264 patients.There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of deep(OR 0.74%(5/675)vs NR 0.50%(3/598);fishers exact test P=0.72),nor superficial SSIs(OR 2.07%(14/675)vs NR 1.50%(9/598);chi-squared test P=0.44)at 2 years postoperatively.With propensity score weighting and an interrupted time series analysis,there was also no difference in SSI rates between both groups[RR 0.88(95%CI 0.61 to 1.30)P=0.46].CONCLUSION A weight-adjusted regime,with a reduction in number of post-operative doses had no adverse impact on SSI incidence in this population.

Analysis of causes for revision in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

The study by Zhao et al identifies the factors leading to the failure of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)in their patients.These factors include substandard suturing of the wound,the presence of osteophytes and intra-articular loose bodies causing impingement,premature loosening of the tibial component,choosing unsuitable patients for the procedure,dislocation of the movable insert,and damage to the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament.The findings suggest that employing the correct surgical techniques and indications is essential for successful outcomes in the UKA.

How to manage and avoid revision after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty?

The article by Zhao et al presents a retrospective case series on the reasons for initial revision after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA).Clarifying the reasons that may cause UKA revision can further reduce the rate of revision UKA,focusing on gasket dislocation,osteophytes,intra-articular loose bodies,and tibial prosthesis loosening.This article provides valuable insights,not only by detailing the revision status of 13 patients who underwent revision after initial UKA but also by providing a comprehensive analysis of the incidence of revision after initial UKA.By reviewing and analyzing the causes,they established references for the early detection of risk factors for revision in clinical practice and for formulating surgical strategies and rehabilitation programmes.This commentary emphasizes the need for a meticulous understanding and an analysis of the revision rate following initial UKA and related management strategies.The implant rates,regional variation,and benefits of uncemented Oxford UKA have been explored,particularly in terms of bone preservation,appropriate surgical techniques,and weight management to control complications and improve patient prognosis.

Readmission rate and early complications in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)can improve pain,quality of life,and functional outcomes.Although uncommon,postoperative complications are extremely consequential and thus must be carefully tracked and communicated to patients to assist their decision-making before surgery.Identification of the risk factors for complications and readmissions after TKA,taking into account common causes,temporal trends,and risk variables that can be changed or left unmodified,will benefit this process.AIM To assess readmission rates,early complications and their causes after TKA at 30 days and 90 days post-surgery.METHODS This was a prospective and retrospective study of 633 patients who underwent TKA at our hospital between January 1,2017,and February 28,2022.Of the 633 patients,28 were not contactable,leaving 609 who met the inclusion criteria.Both inpatient and outpatient hospital records were retrieved,and observations were noted in the data collection forms.RESULTS Following TKA,the 30-day and 90-day readmission rates were determined to be 1.1%(n=7)and 1.8%(n=11),respectively.The unplanned visit rate at 30 days following TKA was 2.6%(n=16)and at 90 days was 4.6%(n=28).At 90 days,the unplanned readmission rate was 1.4%(n=9).Reasons for readmissions included medical(27.2%,n=3)and surgical(72.7%,n=8).Unplanned readmissions and visits within 90 days of follow-up did not substantially differ by age group(P=0.922),body mass index(BMI)(P=0.633),unilateral vs bilateral TKA(P=0.696),or patient comorbidity status(30-day P=0.171 and 90-day P=0.813).Reoperation rates after TKA were 0.66%(n=4)at 30 days and 1.15%(n=8)at 90 days.The average length of stay was 6.53 days.CONCLUSION In this study,there was a low readmission rate following TKA.There was no significant correlation between readmission rate and patient factors such as age,BMI,and co-morbidity status.

Application of sensory and motor training in AIDET communication mode in patients after knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Patients with knee arthroplasty often have problems such as slow recovery of knee function,which may cause negative emotions and affect their postoperative rehabilitation.The application of sensory and motor training in the Acknowledge,Introduce,Duration,Evaluation,Thank You(AIDET)communication mode in patients after knee arthroplasty can provide reference for the selection of postoperative rehabilitation training measures.AIM To explore the sensory and motor training effects in AIDET communication mode on knee function recovery and resilience of patients after knee arthroplasty.METHODS One hundred patients who underwent knee arthroplasty at our hospital between January 2022 and January 2024 were randomly divided into two groups.The control group(n=50)received routine rehabilitation training.In the observation group(n=50),the AIDET communication mode was used to perform sensory and motor training,in addition to routine rehabilitation training.The rehabilitation training was administered for 8 weeks.After surgery,knee function,balance ability,walking ability,proprioception,and resilience were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The New York Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores of the observation group at the time of discharge and 8 weeks after intervention were(65.23±6.84,84.53±5.27),which was higher than those of the control group(61.03±7.15,74.92±6.52)(P<0.05).The balance ability of the observation group at the time of discharge and 8 weeks after the intervention was higher than that of the control group,the time of time up to go test was shorter than that of the control group,and proprioceptive function was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The resilience level in the observation group after the intervention was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Sensory and motor training in AIDET communication mode promotes knee function recovery of patients after knee arthroplasty,improves their limb walking ability and balance function,and increases their resilience level.

Addressing metallosis in knee arthroplasty:From diagnostic challenges to innovative treatments

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Toro et al published in the recent issue of World Journal of Orthopedics.This editorial review provides a comprehensive exploration of the landscape surrounding knee arthroplasty metallosis,focusing on key aspects ranging from the mechanisms influencing susceptibility to clinical implications and advanced treatment strategies.We elucidate the complex interplay of implant design,patient-specific variables,and wear-related processes contributing to metallosis.Furthermore,we seek to shed light on diagnostic challenges,the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach,and the imperative for vigilant implant surveillance.Uni-on-uni revision,as a targeted treatment modality,is discussed,highlighting its potential to address metallosis in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA).There is a need for heightened awareness among clinicians regarding the subtle presentations of metallosis,coupled with the limitations of traditional imaging techniques.Addressing metallosis requires a collaborative,multidisciplinary approach to effectively navigate the complexities associated with this complication.Furthermore,the review emphasizes the evolving paradigm of personalized care,with uni-on-uni revision emerging as a promising surgical solution.In conclusion,the editorial outlines the dynamic nature of knee arthroplasty metallosis and its multifaceted impact on clinical practice.It calls for ongoing collaboration,education,and integration of innovative solutions to enhance diagnostic accuracy,proactive management,and overall patient outcomes in the realm of UKA.

Single-center experience with Knee+^(TM) augmented reality navigation system in primary total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Computer-assisted systems obtained an increased interest in orthopaedic surgery over the last years,as they enhance precision compared to conventional hardware.The expansion of computer assistance is evolving with the employment of augmented reality.Yet,the accuracy of augmented reality navigation systems has not been determined.AIM To examine the accuracy of component alignment and restoration of the affected limb’s mechanical axis in primary total knee arthroplasty(TKA),utilizing an augmented reality navigation system and to assess whether such systems are conspicuously fruitful for an accomplished knee surgeon.METHODS From May 2021 to December 2021,30 patients,25 women and five men,under-went a primary unilateral TKA.Revision cases were excluded.A preoperative radiographic procedure was performed to evaluate the limb’s axial alignment.All patients were operated on by the same team,without a tourniquet,utilizing three distinct prostheses with the assistance of the Knee+™augmented reality navigation system in every operation.Postoperatively,the same radiographic exam protocol was executed to evaluate the implants’position,orientation and coronal plane alignment.We recorded measurements in 3 stages regarding femoral varus and flexion,tibial varus and posterior slope.Firstly,the expected values from the Augmented Reality system were documented.Then we calculated the same values after each cut and finally,the same measurements were recorded radiolo-gically after the operations.Concerning statistical analysis,Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was estimated,while Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was performed when needed.RESULTS A statistically significant difference was observed regarding mean expected values and radiographic mea-surements for femoral flexion measurements only(Z score=2.67,P value=0.01).Nonetheless,this difference was statistically significantly lower than 1 degree(Z score=-4.21,P value<0.01).In terms of discrepancies in the calculations of expected values and controlled measurements,a statistically significant difference between tibial varus values was detected(Z score=-2.33,P value=0.02),which was also statistically significantly lower than 1 degree(Z score=-4.99,P value<0.01).CONCLUSION The results indicate satisfactory postoperative coronal alignment without outliers across all three different implants utilized.Augmented reality navigation systems can bolster orthopaedic surgeons’accuracy in achieving precise axial alignment.However,further research is required to further evaluate their efficacy and potential.

Mid-term outcomes of a kinematically designed cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Advances in implant material and design have allowed for improvements in total knee arthroplasty(TKA)outcomes.A cruciate retaining(CR)TKA provides the least constraint of TKA designs by preserving the native posterior cruciate ligament.Limited research exists that has examined clinical outcomes or patient reported outcome measures(PROMs)of a large cohort of patients undergoing a CR TKA utilizing a kinematically designed implant.It was hypothesized that the studied CR Knee System would demonstrate favorable outcomes and a clinically significant improvement in pain and functional scores.AIM To assess both short-term and mid-term clinical outcomes and PROMs of a novel CR TKA design.METHODS A retrospective,multi-surgeon study identified 255 knees undergoing a TKA utilizing a kinematically designed CR Knee System(JOURNEY™II CR;Smith and Nephew,Inc.,Memphis,TN)at an urban,academic medical institution between March 2015 and July 2021 with a minimum of two-years of clinical follow-up with an orthopedic surgeon.Patient demographics,surgical information,clinical outcomes,and PROMs data were collected via query of electronic medical records.The PROMs collected in the present study included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement(KOOS JR)and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System(PROMIS■)scores.The significance of improvements in mean PROM scores from preoperative scores to scores collected at six months and two-years postoperatively was analyzed using Independent Samples t-tests.RESULTS Of the 255 patients,65.5%were female,43.8%were White,and patients had an average age of 60.6 years.Primary osteoarthritis(96.9%)was the most common primary diagnosis.The mean surgical time was 105.3 minutes and mean length of stay was 2.1 d with most patients discharged home(92.5%).There were 18 emergency department(ED)visits within 90 d of surgery resulting in a 90 d ED visit rate of 7.1%,including a 2.4%orthopedic-related ED visit rate and a 4.7%non-orthopedic-related ED visit rate.There were three(1.2%)hospital readmissions within 90 d postoperatively.With a mean time to latest follow-up of 3.3 years,four patients(1.6%)required revision,two for arthrofibrosis,one for aseptic femoral loosening,and one for peri-prosthetic joint infection.There were significant improvements in KOOS JR,PROMIS Pain Intensity,PROMIS Pain Interference,PROMIS Mobility,and PROMIS Physical Health from preoperative scores to six month and two-year postoperative scores.CONCLUSION The evaluated implant is an effective,novel design offering excellent outcomes and low complication rates.At a mean follow up of 3.3 years,four patients required revisions,three aseptic and one septic,resulting in an overall implant survival rate of 98.4%and an aseptic survival rate of 98.8%.The results of our study demonstrate the utility of this kinematically designed implant in the setting of primary TKA.

Mortality rate after total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty in patients with a history of liver transplant

In this editorial I comment on the article by Ahmed et al published in a recent issue of the World J Orthop 2023;14:784-790.It is well known that patients who have undergone a liver transplant(LT)may need to have a total hip arthroplasty(THA)or total knee arthroplasty(TKA)implanted.Ahmed et al stated that the mortality rate in these patients was similar to the one of the general population.However,there are three articles previously published that found higher mortality in LT patients who experienced THA/TKA than in the general population(individuals without LT).Therefore,in this Editorial I would like to point out that there is controversy in the literature regarding whether LT patients undergoing THA/TKA have higher mortality than the general population.Therefore,future research should attempt to resolve this controversy.

Meta-analysis of factors influencing anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)is a mature procedure recommended for correcting knee osteoarthritis deformity,relieving pain,and restoring normal biomechanics.Although TKA is a successful and cost-effective procedure,patient dissatisfaction is as high as 50%.Knee pain after TKA is a significant cause of patient dissatisfaction;the most common location for residual pain is the anterior region.Between 4%and 40%of patients have anterior knee pain(AKP).AIM To investigate the effect of various TKA procedures on postoperative AKP.METHODS We searched PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane from January 2000 to September 2022.Randomized controlled trials with one intervention in the experimental group and no corresponding intervention(or other interventions)in the control group were collected.Two researchers independently read the title and abstract of the studies,preliminarily screened the articles,and read the full text in detail according to the selection criteria.Conflicts were resolved by consultation with a third researcher.And relevant data from the included studies were extracted and analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software.RESULTS There were 25 randomized controlled trials;13 were comparative studies with or without patellar resurfacing.The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups(P=0.61).Six studies were comparative studies of circumpatellar denervation vs non-denervation,divided into three subgroups for meta-analysis.The two-subgroup meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the experimental and the control groups(P=0.31,P=0.50).One subgroup meta-analysis showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups(P=0.001).Two studies compared fixed-bearing TKA and mobile-bearing TKA;the results meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups(P=0.630).Two studies compared lateral retinacular release vs non-release;the meta-analysis showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups(P=0.002);two other studies compared other factors.CONCLUSION Patellar resurfacing,mobile-bearing TKA,and fixed-bearing TKA do not reduce the incidence of AKP.Lateral retinacular release can reduce AKP;however,whether circumpatellar denervation can reduce AKP is controversial.

Coronal plane stability of cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty in valgus gonarthrosis patients:A mid-term evaluation using stress radiographs

BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty(TKA)using implants with a high level of constraint has generally been recommended for patients with osteoarthritis(OA)who have valgus alignment.However,studies have reported favorable outcomes even with cruciate-retaining(CR)implants.AIM To evaluate the coronal plane stability of CR-TKA in patients with valgus OA at the mid-term follow-up.METHODS Patients with primary valgus OA of the knee who underwent TKA from January 2014 to January 2021 were evaluated through stress radiography using a digital stress device with 100 N of force on both the medial and lateral side.Gap openings and degrees of angulation change were determined.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for both continuous and categorical variables.Inter-rater reliability of the radiographic measurements was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha.RESULTS This study included 25 patients(28 knees)with a mean preoperative mechanical valgus axis of 11.3(3.6-27.3)degrees.The mean follow-up duration was 3.4(1.04-7.4)years.Stress radiographs showed a median varus and valgus gap opening of 1.6(IQR 0.6-3.0)mm and 1.7(IQR 1.3-2.3)mm and varus and valgus angulation changes of 2.5(IQR 1.3-4.8)degrees and 2.3(IQR 2.0-3.6)degrees,respectively.No clinical signs of instability,implant loosening,or revision due to instability were observed throughout this case series.CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that using CR-TKA for patients with valgus OA of the knee promoted excellent coronal plane stability.

Patellar reconstruction in primary total knee arthroplasty using bone chips from routine cuts:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Total patellectomy is currently reserved for exceptional cases,such as recalcitrant patellofemoral instability and comminuted fractures,due to its demonstrated negative impact on knee biomechanics.Therefore,managing patellectomy is crucial to mitigate its inherent deleterious effects.Various techniques have been described,including autologous or allogeneic bone grafts for reconstruction and soft tissue realignment to enhance the extensor mechanism.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old male underwent a patellectomy due to a comminuted fracture,subsequently developing osteoarthritis and experiencing a decline in functional status.Concurrent with total knee replacement,we conducted a patellar reconstruction,incorporating routine bone cuts and utilizing bone chips to fashion a new patella.This intervention resulted in the restoration of full extension and improvement of knee function.CONCLUSION Patellar reconstruction demonstrates benefits on knee mechanics and stabilization,contributing to enhanced outcomes and satisfaction following knee replacement.We present an affordable technique for managing patellectomized patients undergoing total knee replacement.

Malnutrition Assessed Using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index Is Associated with Preoperative Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Japanese Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

Purpose: Few studies have evaluated the association between malnutrition and the risk of preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of preoperative DVT in Japanese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the importance of malnutrition in the risk of preoperative DVT. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 394 patients admitted for primary TKA at our institution between January 2019 and December 2023. All patients scheduled for TKA at our institution had serum D-dimer levels measured preoperatively. Lower-limb ultrasonography was examined to confirm the presence of DVT in patients with D-dimer levels ≥ 1.0 µg/mL or who were considered to be at high risk of DVT by the treating physician. Based on the results of lower-limb ultrasonography, all patients were divided into the non-DVT and DVT groups. The incidence of and risk factors for preoperative DVT were investigated, as well as the correlation of DVT with the patient’s nutritional parameters. We used two representative tools for nutritional assessment: the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Controlling Nutritional Status Score. Results: The mean age was 77.8 ± 6.9 years. Preoperative DVT was diagnosed in 57 of the 394 (14.5%) patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age and malnutrition status, assessed using the GNRI, were independent risk factors for preoperative DVT. Conclusion: A high incidence of preoperative DVT was observed in patients who underwent TKA. Malnutrition status, as assessed using the GNRI, increased the risk of preoperative DVT. Our findings suggest that clinicians should consider these factors when tailoring preventive strategies to mitigate DVT risk in patients undergoing TKA.

Cost-effectiveness of patient specific vs conventional instrumentation for total knee arthroplasty:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Over the past years,patient specific instrumentation(PSI)for total knee arthroplasty(TKA)has been implemented and routinely used.No clear answer has been given on its associated cost and cost-effectiveness when compared to conventional instrumentation(CI)for TKA.AIM To compare the cost and cost-effectiveness of PSI TKA compared to CI TKA.METHODS A literature search was performed in healthcare,economical healthcare,and medical databases(MEDLINE,EMBASE,CINAHL,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,EconLit).It was conducted in April 2021 and again in January 2022.Relevant literature included randomised controlled trials,retrospective studies,prospective studies,observational studies,and case control studies.All studies were assessed on methodological quality.Relevant outcomes included incremental cost-effectiveness ratio,quality-adjusted life years,total costs,imaging costs,production costs,sterilization associated costs,surgery duration costs and readmission rate costs.All eligible studies were assessed for risk of bias.Meta-analysis was performed for outcomes with sufficient data.RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included into the systematic review.Two were included in the metaanalysis.3994 PSI TKAs and 13267 CI TKAs were included in the sample size.The methodological quality of the included studies,based on Consensus on Health Economic Criteria-scores and risk of bias,ranged from average to good.PSI TKA costs less than CI TKA when considering mean operating room time and its associated costs and tray sterilization per patient case.PSI TKA costs more compared to CI TKA when considering imaging and production costs.Considering total costs per patient case,PSI TKA is more expensive in comparison to CI TKA.Meta-analysis comparing total costs for PSI TKA,and CI TKA showed a significant higher cost for PSI TKA.CONCLUSION Cost for PSI and CI TKA can differ when considering distinct aspects of their implementation.Total costs per patient case are increased for PSI TKA when compared to CI TKA.

Unicompartimental knee arthroplasty metallosis treated with uni-onuni revision:A case report

BACKGROUND Metallosis is the result of metallic wear debris in the soft tissues and is associated to both local and systemic inflammatory response.Metallosis has been reported after total hip and total knee arthroplasty(TKA),but rarely after a unicompartimental knee arthroplasty(UKA).In the context of UKA metallosis,surgeons often opt for revision using a TKA.However,in this paper,the authors successfully treated UKA revising the metal back only.CASE SUMMARY Prior to treat our patient we conducted a literature research through which we identified eleven cases of metallosis after UKA,ten(90.9%)were treated revising using though a TKA.Only one case was managed through a uni-on-uni revision,reporting high knee function.Our patient complained worsening pain and function after a snap occurred at 16 mo after UKA implantation.At 18 mo following surgical debridment and uni-on-uni revision surgery,our patient exhibited a relevant improvement in Oxford Knee Score and a reduction of metal ion levels in the blood.CONCLUSION Our study highlights that in case of metallosis after UKA,the treatment may be based on surgical debridement and just revising the mobilized components.

Self-management of osteoarthritis while waiting for total knee arthroplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic among older Malaysians

BACKGROUND The study sought to understand the self-management strategies used by patients during the postponement of their total knee arthroplasty(TKA)procedure,as well as the associations between the length of waiting time,pain,and physical frailty and function.The study focused on individuals aged 50 years and above,as they are known to be more vulnerable to the negative impacts of delayed elective surgery and rehabilitation.This study hypothesizes that delayed TKR due to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)will bear negative effect in self-management,pain,and physical frailty and function in older adults.AIM To investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on self-management,pain,and physical function in older adults awaiting TKA in Malaysia.METHODS This cross-sectional study has the data of participants,who matched the criteria and scheduled for TKA for the first time,extracted from the TKA registry in the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology,Hospital Canselor Tuanku Mukhriz.Data on pain status,and self-management,physical frailty,and instrumental activities daily living were also collected.Multiple linear regression analysis with a significant level of 0.05 was used to identify the association between waiting time and pain on physical frailty and functional performance.RESULTS Out of 180 had deferred TKA,50%of them aged 50 years old and above,80%were women with ethnic distribution Malay(66%),Chinese(22%),Indian(10%),and others(2%)respectively.Ninety-two percent of the participants took medication to manage their pain during the waiting time,while 10%used herbs and traditional supplements,and 68%did exercises as part of their osteoarthritis(OA)self-management.Thirty-six participants were found to have physical frailty(strength,assistance with walking,rising from a chair,climbing stairs,and falls questionnaire score>4)which accounted for 72%.Increased pain was associated with physical frailty with odds ratio,odds ratio(95%confidence interval):1.46(1.04-2.05).This association remained significant even after the adjustment according to age and self-management.CONCLUSION While deferring TKA during a pandemic is unavoidable,patient monitoring for OA treatment during the waiting period is important in reducing physical frailty,ensuring the older patients’independence.

Artificial intelligence technology and ultrasound-guided nerve block for analgesia in total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Knee diseases are more common in middle-aged and elderly people,so artificial knee replacement is also more used in middle-aged and elderly people.Although the patient’s pain can be reduced through surgery,often accompanied by moderate pain after surgery and neutralization,which not only increases the psychological burden of the patient,but also greatly reduces the postoperative recovery effect,and may also lead to the occurrence of postoperative adverse events in severe cases.AIM To investigate the analgesic effect of artificial intelligence(AI)and ultrasoundguided nerve block in total knee arthroplasty(TKA).METHODS A total of 92 patients with TKA admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were opted and divided into two groups according to the treatment regimen.The control group received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.The research group received AI technique combined with ultrasound-guided nerve block anesthesia.The sensory block time,motor block time,visual analogue scale(VAS)at different time points and complications were contrasted between the two groups.RESULTS The time of sensory block onset and sensory block perfection in the research group was shorter than those in the control group,but the results had no significant difference(P>0.05).Duration of sensory block in the research group was significantly longer than those in the control group(P<0.05).The time of motor block onset and motor block perfection in the research group was shorter than those in the control group,but the results had no significant difference(P>0.05).Duration of motor block in the research group was significantly longer than those in the control group.The VAS scales of the research group were significantly lower than that of the control group at different time points(P<0.05).The postoperative hip flexion and abduction range of motion in the research group were significantly better than those in the control group at different time points(P<0.05).The incidence of complications was significantly lower in the research group than in the control group(P=0.049).CONCLUSION In TKA,the combination of AI technology and ultrasound-guided nerve block has a significantly effect,with fewer postoperative complications and significantly analgesic effect,which is worthy of application.

Clinical Outcomes and Prehabilitation Strategies of Patients Treated with Cement-Screw Technique for Tibial Defects in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the cement-screw technique in repairing tibial plateau bone defects in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recipients and summarize the preoperative prehabilitation strategies for such surgeries. Methods: A total of 33 TKA recipients (45 knees) in our department underwent repair of unilateral or bilateral tibial defects using the cement-screw technique. The subjects were divided into two groups based on the differences in preoperative interventions. The control group received routine preoperative health education according to the consensus, while the observation group received instructive and standardized prehabilitation exercises for four weeks in addition to the routine education. Scale scores, intraoperative parameters, and postoperative recovery indicators were recorded at different time pointsand subjected to statistical analysis for intra-group and inter-group differences. All subjects underwent long-term follow-up for at least 24 months. Results: Within each group at different time points, there were statistically significant differences in VAS, ROM, and HSS scores (p Conclusions: Cement-screw technique for repairing tibial plateau bone defects in TKA recipients can significantly relieve pain, and improve joint function. Prehabilitation can improve preoperative rehabilitation reserves in these patients, accelerate postoperative recovery, and contribute to better short-term clinical outcomes.