What Do Educators Need to Teach for Prospective Knowledge Engineers?

As expert systems technology has matured and migrated into mainstream computing, there arestill areas which are overlooked in education prospective knowledge engineers. This paper addresses this issue, and provides a message to educators that expert and knowledge-based systems should be an importantstrategic science and technology for many organizations.

Safety evaluation system for hydraulic metal structures based on knowledge engineering

A comprehensive safety evaluation system taking the most influential factors into account has been developed to evaluate the reliability of hydraulic metal structures. Applying the techniques of AI and DB, the idea of a one-machine and three-base system is proposed. The framework of the three-base system has been designed and the structural framework constructed in turn. A practical example is given to illustrate the process of using this system and it can be used for comparison and analysis purposes. The key technology of the system is its ability to reorganize and improve the expert system＇s knowledge base by establishing the expert system. This system utilizes the computer technology inference process, making safety evaluation conclusions more reasonable and applicable to the actual situation. The system is not only advanced, but also feasible, reliable, artificially intelligent, and has the capacity to constantly grow.

Knowledge Engineering Application in maintainability Design and Analysis

With the development of automatic design and artificial intelligence techniques, intelligence already have been applied in maintainability design and analysis of military /commercial equipment. Expert system has been used in diagnosis, design analysis, testability design, etc. In this paper, we will discuss about knowledge engineering application in two types. One is integrated knowledge base system for maintainability, it's the baseline of concurrent, intelligence design and it's also suitable for the present situation in China that there is lack of maintainability engineers. The other application is expert system for formulating maintainability design criteria and it can take full advantage of experts' experiences and past cases. Under development trend of intelligence design, these two systems will have good effects on maintainability design and analysis.

Beyond Knowledge Engineering

Knowledge engineering stems from E. A. Figenbaum＇s proposal in 1977, but it will enter a new decade with the new challenges. This paper first summarizes three knowledge engineering experiments we have undertaken to show possibility of separating knowledge development from intelligent software development. We call it the ICAX mode of intelligent application software generation. The key of this mode is to generate knowledge base, which is the source of intelligence of ICAX software, independently and parallel to intelligent software development. That gives birth to a new and more general concept ＂knowware＂. Knowware is a commercialized knowledge module with documentation and intellectual property, which is computer operable, but free of any built-in control mechanism, meeting some industrial standards and embeddable in software/hardware. The process of development, application and management of knowware is called knowware engineering. Two different knowware life cycle models are discussed： the furnace model and the crystallization model. Knowledge middleware is a class of software functioning in all aspects of knowware life cycle models. Finally, this paper also presents some examples of building knowware in the domain of information system engineering.

CREATIVE DESIGN BASED ON KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING DESIGN

To support and serve engineering design, creative design based on knowledge management is proposed. The key knowledge factors of creative design are analyzed and discussed, and knowledge extraction tools are utilized to distill the important knowledge to serve for knowledge resource of creative design. The implementation of creative design mode is described and executed, which can promote the intelligent asset of the enterprise and shorten the period of creative design. With this study, design afflatus and conceptual design can be achieved expediently and effectively.

A Cognitive Science Framework for the Analysis of Knowledge-Based Systems

The paper presents a cognitive science framework for the analysis of knowledge-based systems,including people, media. simulation and expert systems, resulting in a practical model for the procedures ofknowledge engineering. Starting with the construct of a social organization model driven by anticipationand thed differentiating this into pesonal scientists with diverse relations to people and their internal andexternal communication, it provides powerful and general model of society. people, and the roles of peoplein society. This model extends naturally ic the role of conventional media in the knowledge processes ofsociety and the new roles of computer-based simulation and expert systems. In particular it provides amodel of knowledge transfer that enables the processes of knowledge engineering to be analyzed andautomated.

PRODUCT MODELING AND PROCESS PLANNING WITHIN CONCURRENT ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENT

A prodouct modeling and a process planning that are two essential basses of realizing concurrent engineering are investigated , a logical modeling technique , grammar representation scheme of technology knowledge and architecture of expert system for process planning within con- current engineering environment are proposed. They have been utilized in a real reaserch project.

A Mini-Review and Perspective on Current Best Practice and Emerging Industry 4.0 Methods for Risk Reduction in Advanced Composites Manufacturing

The manufacturing of composite structures is a highly complex task with inevitable risks, particularly associated with aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty of both the materials and processes, as well as the need for in-situ decision-making to mitigate defects during manufacturing. In the context of aerospace composites production in particular, there is a heightened impetus to address and reduce this risk. Current qualification and substantiation frameworks within the aerospace industry define tractable methods for risk reduction. In parallel, Industry 4.0 is an emerging set of technologies and tools that can enable better decision-making towards risk reduction, supported by data-driven models. It offers new paradigms for manufacturers, by virtue of enabling in-situ decisions for optimizing the process as a dynamic system. However, the static nature of current (pre-Industry 4.0) best-practice frameworks may be viewed as at odds with this emerging novel approach. In addition, many of the predictive tools leveraged in an Industry 4.0 system are black-box in nature, which presents other concerns of tractability, interpretability and ultimately risk. This article presents a perspective on the current state-of-the-art in the aerospace composites industry focusing on risk reduction in the autoclave processing, as an example system, while reviewing current trends and needs towards a Composites 4.0 future.

From knowledge based software engineering to knowware based software engineering

The first part of this paper reviews our efforts on knowledge-based software engineering, namely PROMIS, started from 1990s. The key point of PROMIS is to generate applications automatically based on domain knowledge as well as software knowledge. That is featured by separating the development of domain knowledge from the development of software. But in PROMIS, we did not find an appropriate representation for the domain knowledge. Fortunately, in our recent work, we found such a carrier for knowledge modules, i.e. knowware. Knowware is a commercialized form of domain knowledge. This paper briefly introduces the basic definitions of knowware, knowledge middleware and knowware engineering. Three life circle models of knowware engineering and the design of corresponding knowware implementations are given. Finally we discuss application system automatic generation and domain knowledge modeling on the J2EE platform, which combines the techniques of PROMIS, knowware and J2EE, and the development and deployment framework, i.e. PROMIS/KW＊＊.

UBI-HIT联合工程硕士课程知识与工程教育(英文)

This paper tentatively discusses the necessity and the requirements to better educate joint UB1-HIT master students from an engineering and engineer's perspective.The author argues that the students should have a broader engineering culture.After having given the context and basic definitions,the paper presents the author's view on how to better develop the engineering capabilities from a knowledge acquisition and learning point of view.Requirements for engineering education are addressed,based,among others,on the professional experience the first author built up while serving as senior manager in information technology and business transformation,at Capgemini Consulting(Belgium).A series of conclusions are given at the end of the paper.

A Knowledge-based and Extensible Aircraft Conceptual Design Environment

Design knowledge and experience are the bases to carry out aircraft conceptual design tasks due to the high complexity and integration of the tasks during this phase. When carrying out the same task, different designers may need individual strategies to fulfill their own demands. A knowledge-based and extensible method in building aircraft conceptual design systems is studied considering the above requirements. Based on the theory, a knowledge-based aircraft conceptual design environment, called knowledge-based and extensible aircraft conceptual design environment （KEACDE） with open architecture, is built as to enable designers to wrap add-on extensions and make their own aircraft conceptual design systems. The architecture, characteristics and other design and development aspects of KEACDE are discussed. A civil airplane conceptual design system （CACDS） is achieved using KEACDE. Finally, a civil airplane design case is presented to demonstrate the usability and effectiveness of this v environment.

A Knowledge-Based Specification Technique for Protocol Development

This paper proposes a knowledge-based specification technique(KST)for protocol development. This technique semi-automatically translates a protocol described in an informal description(natural languages or graphs)into one described in formal specifications(Estelle and SDL).The translation processes are supported by knowledge stored in the knowledge base.This paper discusses the concept, the specification control mechanism of KST and the rules and algorithms for production of FSM's which is the basis of Estelle and SDL.

Simulation of Individual Knowledge System and Its Application

The concept of individual knowledge system(IKS)is defined from the perspective of system science.To begin with,the present paper elaborates the characteristics of IKS.Then a six-space pattern of information and knowledge for IKS is created to describe and organize knowledge,providing a computation model to analyse things.Finally,an example of stability analysis in industrial economic system is used to illustrate the feasibility and validity of IKS.

KnoE:A Web Mining Tool to Validate Previously Discovered Semantic Correspondences

The problem of matching schemas or ontologies consists of providing corresponding entities in two or more knowledge models that belong to a same domain but have been developed separately. Nowadays there are a lot of techniques and tools for addressing this problem, however, the complex nature of the matching problem make existing solutions for real situations not fully satisfactory. The Google Similarity Distance has appeared recently. Its purpose is to mine knowledge from the Web using the Google search engine in order to semantically compare text expressions. Our work consists of developing a software application for validating results discovered by schema and ontolog2/ matching tools using the philosophy behind this distance. Moreover, we are interested in using not only Google, but other popular search engines with this similarity distance. The results reveal three main facts. Firstly, some web search engines can help us to validate semantic correspondences satisfactorily. Secondly there are significant differences among the web search engines. And thirdly the best results are obtained when using combinations of the web search engines that we have studied.

Computing a ground appropriateness index for route selection in permafrost regions

The reasonable calculation of ground appropriateness index in permafrost region is the precondition of highway route design in permafrost region. The theory of knowledge base and fuzzy mathematics are applied, and the damage effect of permafrost is considered in the paper. Based on the idea of protecting permafrost the calculation method of ground appro- priateness index is put forward. Firstly, based on the actual environment conditions, the paper determines the factors affecting the road layout in permafrost areas by qualitative and quantitative analysis, including the annual slope, the average annual ground temperature of permafrost, the amount of ice in frozen soil, and the interference engineering. Secondly, based on the knowledge base theory and the use of Delphi method, the paper establishes the knowledge base, the rule base of the permafrost region and inference mechanism. The method of selecting the road in permafrost region is completed and realized by using the software platform. Thirdly, taking the Tuotuo River to Kaixin Mountain section of permafrost region as an example, the application of the method is studied by using an ArcGIS platform. Results show that the route plan determined by the method of selecting the road in perma-frost region can avoid the high temperature and high ice content area, conform the terrain changes and evade the heat disturbance among the existing projects. A reasonable route plan can be achieved, and it can provide the basis for the next engineering construction.