Structure of Chinese City Network as Driven by Technological Knowledge Flows

Based on patent cooperation data,this study used a range of city network analysis approaches in order to explore the structure of the Chinese city network which is driven by technological knowledge flows.The results revealed the spatial structure,composition structure,hierarchical structure,group structure,and control structure of Chinese city network,as well as its dynamic factors.The major findings are:1) the spatial pattern presents a diamond structure,in which Wuhan is the central city;2) although the invention patent knowledge network is the main part of the broader inter-city innovative cooperation network,it is weaker than the utility model patent;3) as the senior level cities,Beijing,Shanghai and the cities in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta Region show a strong capability of both spreading and controlling technological knowledge;4) whilst a national technology alliance has preliminarily formed,regional alliances have not been adequately established;5) even though the cooperation level amongst weak connection cities is not high,such cities still play an important role in the network as a result of their location within ′structural holes′ in the network;and 6) the major driving forces facilitating inter-city technological cooperation are geographical proximity,hierarchical proximity and technological proximity.

The Impact of Life Sciences Developments on the UK Urban Environment

Life sciences urban developments are a relatively recent phenomenon, and follow the emergence of knowledge based urban developments as a potential driver of urban regeneration and local economic growth. The role of these new centres in transforming the inner cities of some of the UK＇s larger conurbations is examined and the key planning issues are discussed. The article concludes that the key principles of urban planning and control must still apply in shaping the role these new developments have in the UK＇s evolving urban landscape.

Events as a means to foster knowledge-driven urban development:Experience from the new district development in Nanjing

Events can bring important impetus to urban development.In addition to hardware investments,such as infrastructure,events also have important potential in the development of knowledge cities.Nanjing is a typical city where China’s knowledge industry is rapidly growing.Since the end of the last century,Nanjing has been promoting new district development on the city’s periphery and has hosted a series of events,including the 10th National Games in 2005 and the 2nd Youth Olympic Games in 2014.In this process,the city government also hopes to explore the potential of the knowledge economy and is committed to providing a new direction for urban development.This work reviews the history of Nanjing’s knowledge city development from two different dimensions(land development and knowledge development)and summarises the related achievements and lessons in different periods.The authors aim to identify the diverse effects of events in urban social and economic development based on the analysis of the differences in governance structure between land development and knowledge development.This work contributes to the literature on events and provides insights into the potential uses of events as a mechanism for knowledge-driven urban development.

Hierarchy, clusters, and spatial differences in Chinese inter-city networks constructed by scientific collaborators

The Chinese urban system is currently experiencing a fundamental shift, as it moves from a size-based hierarchy to a network-based system. Contemporary studies of city networks have tended to focus on economic interactions without paying sufficient attention to the issue of knowledge flow. Using data on co-authored papers obtained from China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database （CAJNPD） during 2014-2016, this study explores several features of the scientific collaboration network between Chinese mainland cities. The study concludes that： （1） the spatial organization of scientific cooperation amongst Chinese cities is shifting from a jurisdiction-based hierarchical system to a networked system; and （2） several highly intra-connected city regions were found to exist in the network of knowledge, and such regions had more average internal linkages （14.21） than external linkages （8.69）, and higher average internal linkage degrees （14.43） than external linkage degrees （10.43）; and （3） differences existed in terms of inter-region connectivity between the Western, Eastern, and Central China regional networks （the average INCD of the three regional networks were 109.65, 95.81, and 71.88）. We suggest that China should engage in the development of regional and subregional scientific centers to achieve the goal of building an innovative country. Whilst findings reveal a high degree of concentration in those networks - a characteristic which reflects the hierarchical nature of China＇s urban economic structure - the actual spatial distribution of city networks of knowledge flow was found to be different from that of city networks based on economic outputs or population.