This study reports an increase in power generation of a MFC (microbial fuel cell) by the addition of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng). It was noted that the use of ginseng enhances the microbial anaerobic degradatio...This study reports an increase in power generation of a MFC (microbial fuel cell) by the addition of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng). It was noted that the use of ginseng enhances the microbial anaerobic degradation of cellobiose, a disaccharide that was used as a substrate in the anode chamber of the MFC. The power output of the MFC where ginseng was added showed noticeable enhancement compared to the control MFC. The increase slowly ramped at the initial days and became appreciably higher after the 11th day of incubation in an experiment set up for 16 days duration. It is attributed that the ginseng increases the CO2 production by accelerating the fermentation process. Decrease in CH4/CO2 ratio was observed also due to decrease in methane production per digested cellobiose, the proton donor in the current study. Four ring steroid-like structural moiety Ginsenoside of Panax ginseng seemed to play a beneficial role in the electron transfer from ceilobiose to the anode, perhaps by rendering easier electron transfer due to favorable energy level alignments.展开更多
Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus plays a major role in cognitive ability of animals including learning and memory.Korean red ginseng (KRG) has long been known as a medicinal herb with the potential to improve lea...Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus plays a major role in cognitive ability of animals including learning and memory.Korean red ginseng (KRG) has long been known as a medicinal herb with the potential to improve learning and memory;however,the mechanisms are still elusive.Therefore,we evaluated whether KRG can promote cognitive function and enhance neurogenesis in the hippocampus.Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice received 50 mg/kg of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) intraperitoneally and 100 mg/kg of KRG or vehicle orally once a day for 14 days.Pole,Rotarod and Morris water maze tests were performed and the brains were collected after the last behavioral test.Changes in the numbers of BrdU- and BrdU/ doublecortin (DCX;a marker for neuronal precursor cells and immature neurons)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and the gene expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a marker for cell differentiation),cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus were then investigated.KRG-treated mice came down the pole significantly faster and stood on the rotarod longer than vehicle-treated mice.The Morris water maze test showed that KRG administration enhanced the learning and memory abilities significantly.KRG also significantly increased BrdU- and BrdU/DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus as well as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen,cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus compared to vehicle.Administration of KRG promotes learning and memory abilities,possibly by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis.This study was approved by the Pusan National University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No.PNU-2016-1071) on January 19,2016.展开更多
Korean ginseng is a medicinal herb, naturally exists in only three regions: 'Korea'(33.7-43.1), 'Man-churia'(43-47), and the Littoral province of Siberia. The Korean peninsula is the best place to grow...Korean ginseng is a medicinal herb, naturally exists in only three regions: 'Korea'(33.7-43.1), 'Man-churia'(43-47), and the Littoral province of Siberia. The Korean peninsula is the best place to grow ginseng, because ginseng has stringent requirements for the plant's growth, and Korea has the ideal temperature zone, plenty of rain in the summer, proper coldness in the winter, etc. The value of Korean ginseng has been known in the world since the 4th century B. C. Books written in this era documented gi...展开更多
Korean ginseng is a medicinal herb, naturally exists in only three regions:“Korea”(33.7-43.1),“Manchuria”(43-47),and the Littoral province of Siberia. The Korean peninsula is the best place to grow ginseng,because...Korean ginseng is a medicinal herb, naturally exists in only three regions:“Korea”(33.7-43.1),“Manchuria”(43-47),and the Littoral province of Siberia. The Korean peninsula is the best place to grow ginseng,because ginseng has strin- gent requirements for the plant's growth, and Korea has the ideal temperature zone, plenty of rain in the summer,proper cold- ness in the winter,etc.The value of Korean ginseng has been known in the world since the 4th century B.C.Books written in this era documented ginseng ...展开更多
The efficacy and applications of ginseng are also described in many other journals of Oriental medicine,which rate ginseng as a master medicine that plays a major role in prescriptions. Dr.I.I.Brekhmann.a Russian
Panax ginseng(C.A.Mey.)has been traditionally employed in Korea and China to alleviate fatigue and digestive disorders.In particular,Korean red ginseng(KRG),derived from streamed and dried P.ginseng,is known for its a...Panax ginseng(C.A.Mey.)has been traditionally employed in Korea and China to alleviate fatigue and digestive disorders.In particular,Korean red ginseng(KRG),derived from streamed and dried P.ginseng,is known for its anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties.However,its effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),a representative aging-related disease,and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effects of KRG on BPH,with a particular focus on mitochondrial dynamics,including fission and fusion processes.The effects of KRG on cell proliferation,apoptosis,and mitochondrial dynamics and morphology were evaluated in a rat model of testosterone propionate(TP)-induced BPH and TP-treated LNCaP cells,with mdivi-1 as a control.The results revealed that KRG treatment reduced the levels of androgen receptors(AR)and prostate-specific antigens in the BPH group.KRG inhibited cell proliferation by downregulating cyclin D and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)levels,and it promoted apoptosis by increasing the ratio of B-cell lymphoma protein 2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax)to Bcl-2 expression.Notably,KRG treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1(DRP-1,serine 637)compared with that in the BPH group,which inhibited mitochondrial fission and led to mitochondrial elongation.This modulation of mitochondrial dynamics was associated with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis.By dysregulating AR signaling and inhibiting mitochondrial fission through enhanced DRP-1(ser637)phosphorylation,KRG effectively reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis.These findings suggest that KRG’s regulation of mitochondrial dynamics offers a promising clinical approach for the treatment of BPH.展开更多
红参为珍贵的药材,已有1000多年的历史,遍及中国、韩国、日本等亚洲国家。韩国红参(korean red ginseng,KRG)不仅是滋补品,也是用于治疗免疫疾病、肝病、癌症等疾病的传统药材。KRG含有多种人参皂苷、糖类、微量元素等成分,具有较高的...红参为珍贵的药材,已有1000多年的历史,遍及中国、韩国、日本等亚洲国家。韩国红参(korean red ginseng,KRG)不仅是滋补品,也是用于治疗免疫疾病、肝病、癌症等疾病的传统药材。KRG含有多种人参皂苷、糖类、微量元素等成分,具有较高的药用价值,韩国各机构对其进行了较深入的研究,近5年在美国《科学引文索引》上发表文章数百篇。目前实验研究主要集中在红参有效成分的筛选及其药理作用,临床研究以单方制剂为主。笔者通过查阅KRG相关文献,从增强免疫、抗疲劳、抗衰老、抗氧化、调节糖脂代谢、抗炎、抗肿瘤以及在多个系统疾病中的运用等多方面对其药理作用进行了概述,为KRG的进一步研究与临床应用提供依据。展开更多
目的:探讨高丽参提取液(Korean red ginseng extract,KRG)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓膜炎(EAE)的治疗作用及相关免疫调节机制。方法:取SD大鼠30只,随机分为空白对照组、模型组(实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型)和实验组(高丽参提取液治疗)...目的:探讨高丽参提取液(Korean red ginseng extract,KRG)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓膜炎(EAE)的治疗作用及相关免疫调节机制。方法:取SD大鼠30只,随机分为空白对照组、模型组(实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型)和实验组(高丽参提取液治疗),每组10只,对EAE大鼠进行神经功能评分及体重测量,通过病理学HE染色和免疫组化观察25 d脑和脊髓炎症浸润,流式细胞术检测大鼠脊髓和淋巴结CD4^+、CD4^+/IFN-γ^+(Th1)、CD4^+/IL-17^+(Th17)和CD4^+/Foxp3^+T细胞数量,实时荧光定量q-PCR检测大鼠脊髓和淋巴结IFN-γ、IL-17、IL-23和Foxp3 m RNA水平的表达。结果:治疗组大鼠神经功能评分明显改善,体重明显增加;与模型组比较,实验组神经症状和病理改变减轻;与模型组相比,治疗组中大鼠脊髓和淋巴结CD4^+、CD4^+/IFN-γ^+、CD4^+/IL-17^+T细胞数量减少,而CD4^+/Foxp3^+T细胞数量增多(P<0.05);大鼠脊髓和淋巴结IFN-γ、IL-17、IL-23 m RNA表达下降,而Foxp3 m RNA表达增加(P<0.05)。结论:高丽参提取液通过调节免疫系统的CD4^+、CD4^+/IFN-γ^+、CD4^+/IL-17^+和CD4^+/Foxp3^+T细胞数量和CD4~^+T细胞分泌细胞因子的水平对EAE起保护作用。展开更多
Objective:Mitophagy is known to contribute towards progression of Parkinson’s disease.Korean red ginseng(KRG)is a widely used medicinal herb in East Asia,and recent studies have reported that KRG prevents 1-methyl-4-...Objective:Mitophagy is known to contribute towards progression of Parkinson’s disease.Korean red ginseng(KRG)is a widely used medicinal herb in East Asia,and recent studies have reported that KRG prevents 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP^(+))-induced cell death.This study was undertaken to investigate whether KRG suppresses MPP^(+)-induced apoptosis and mitophagy.Methods:SH-SY5 Y cells were incubated with KRG for 24 h,and subsequently exposed to MPP^(+).The MPP^(+)-induced cell death was confirmed with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay,and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end-labeling assay.Changes in the structure and function of mitochondria were confirmed using mitotracker,Mito SOX red mitochondrial superoxide indicator,parkin,and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)immunofluorescent staining.Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related factors in whole cells,including Bax,Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3,and mitophagy-related factors in the mitochondrial fraction,including cytochrome c,parkin,PINK1,translocase of the outer membrane 20(TOM20),p62 and Beclin 1.Results:MPP^(+)induced cell death by cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation;however,this effect was suppressed by KRG’s regulation of the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax.Moreover,MPP^(+)exposure increased the mitochondrial expressions of parkin,PINK1,Beclin 1 and p62,and decreased TOM20,cytochrome c and Bcl-2 expressions.These MPP^(+)-induced changes in the mitochondrial fraction were attenuated by treatment with KRG.Conclusion:KRG effectively prevents MPP^(+)-induced SH-SY5 Y cell death by regulating cytochrome c release from mitochondria and PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy,through regulation of the Bcl-2 family.展开更多
文摘This study reports an increase in power generation of a MFC (microbial fuel cell) by the addition of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng). It was noted that the use of ginseng enhances the microbial anaerobic degradation of cellobiose, a disaccharide that was used as a substrate in the anode chamber of the MFC. The power output of the MFC where ginseng was added showed noticeable enhancement compared to the control MFC. The increase slowly ramped at the initial days and became appreciably higher after the 11th day of incubation in an experiment set up for 16 days duration. It is attributed that the ginseng increases the CO2 production by accelerating the fermentation process. Decrease in CH4/CO2 ratio was observed also due to decrease in methane production per digested cellobiose, the proton donor in the current study. Four ring steroid-like structural moiety Ginsenoside of Panax ginseng seemed to play a beneficial role in the electron transfer from ceilobiose to the anode, perhaps by rendering easier electron transfer due to favorable energy level alignments.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(No.NRF-2016R1D1A3B03930920 to SK)the MSIP(No.NRF-2014R1A5A2009936 to SK)
文摘Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus plays a major role in cognitive ability of animals including learning and memory.Korean red ginseng (KRG) has long been known as a medicinal herb with the potential to improve learning and memory;however,the mechanisms are still elusive.Therefore,we evaluated whether KRG can promote cognitive function and enhance neurogenesis in the hippocampus.Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice received 50 mg/kg of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) intraperitoneally and 100 mg/kg of KRG or vehicle orally once a day for 14 days.Pole,Rotarod and Morris water maze tests were performed and the brains were collected after the last behavioral test.Changes in the numbers of BrdU- and BrdU/ doublecortin (DCX;a marker for neuronal precursor cells and immature neurons)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and the gene expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (a marker for cell differentiation),cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus were then investigated.KRG-treated mice came down the pole significantly faster and stood on the rotarod longer than vehicle-treated mice.The Morris water maze test showed that KRG administration enhanced the learning and memory abilities significantly.KRG also significantly increased BrdU- and BrdU/DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus as well as the proliferating cell nuclear antigen,cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus compared to vehicle.Administration of KRG promotes learning and memory abilities,possibly by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis.This study was approved by the Pusan National University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval No.PNU-2016-1071) on January 19,2016.
文摘Korean ginseng is a medicinal herb, naturally exists in only three regions: 'Korea'(33.7-43.1), 'Man-churia'(43-47), and the Littoral province of Siberia. The Korean peninsula is the best place to grow ginseng, because ginseng has stringent requirements for the plant's growth, and Korea has the ideal temperature zone, plenty of rain in the summer, proper coldness in the winter, etc. The value of Korean ginseng has been known in the world since the 4th century B. C. Books written in this era documented gi...
文摘Korean ginseng is a medicinal herb, naturally exists in only three regions:“Korea”(33.7-43.1),“Manchuria”(43-47),and the Littoral province of Siberia. The Korean peninsula is the best place to grow ginseng,because ginseng has strin- gent requirements for the plant's growth, and Korea has the ideal temperature zone, plenty of rain in the summer,proper cold- ness in the winter,etc.The value of Korean ginseng has been known in the world since the 4th century B.C.Books written in this era documented ginseng ...
文摘The efficacy and applications of ginseng are also described in many other journals of Oriental medicine,which rate ginseng as a master medicine that plays a major role in prescriptions. Dr.I.I.Brekhmann.a Russian
基金supported by the 2021 Grant from the Korean Society of Ginseng。
文摘Panax ginseng(C.A.Mey.)has been traditionally employed in Korea and China to alleviate fatigue and digestive disorders.In particular,Korean red ginseng(KRG),derived from streamed and dried P.ginseng,is known for its anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties.However,its effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),a representative aging-related disease,and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic effects of KRG on BPH,with a particular focus on mitochondrial dynamics,including fission and fusion processes.The effects of KRG on cell proliferation,apoptosis,and mitochondrial dynamics and morphology were evaluated in a rat model of testosterone propionate(TP)-induced BPH and TP-treated LNCaP cells,with mdivi-1 as a control.The results revealed that KRG treatment reduced the levels of androgen receptors(AR)and prostate-specific antigens in the BPH group.KRG inhibited cell proliferation by downregulating cyclin D and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)levels,and it promoted apoptosis by increasing the ratio of B-cell lymphoma protein 2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax)to Bcl-2 expression.Notably,KRG treatment enhanced the phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1(DRP-1,serine 637)compared with that in the BPH group,which inhibited mitochondrial fission and led to mitochondrial elongation.This modulation of mitochondrial dynamics was associated with decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis.By dysregulating AR signaling and inhibiting mitochondrial fission through enhanced DRP-1(ser637)phosphorylation,KRG effectively reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis.These findings suggest that KRG’s regulation of mitochondrial dynamics offers a promising clinical approach for the treatment of BPH.
文摘红参为珍贵的药材,已有1000多年的历史,遍及中国、韩国、日本等亚洲国家。韩国红参(korean red ginseng,KRG)不仅是滋补品,也是用于治疗免疫疾病、肝病、癌症等疾病的传统药材。KRG含有多种人参皂苷、糖类、微量元素等成分,具有较高的药用价值,韩国各机构对其进行了较深入的研究,近5年在美国《科学引文索引》上发表文章数百篇。目前实验研究主要集中在红参有效成分的筛选及其药理作用,临床研究以单方制剂为主。笔者通过查阅KRG相关文献,从增强免疫、抗疲劳、抗衰老、抗氧化、调节糖脂代谢、抗炎、抗肿瘤以及在多个系统疾病中的运用等多方面对其药理作用进行了概述,为KRG的进一步研究与临床应用提供依据。
文摘目的:探讨高丽参提取液(Korean red ginseng extract,KRG)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓膜炎(EAE)的治疗作用及相关免疫调节机制。方法:取SD大鼠30只,随机分为空白对照组、模型组(实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎模型)和实验组(高丽参提取液治疗),每组10只,对EAE大鼠进行神经功能评分及体重测量,通过病理学HE染色和免疫组化观察25 d脑和脊髓炎症浸润,流式细胞术检测大鼠脊髓和淋巴结CD4^+、CD4^+/IFN-γ^+(Th1)、CD4^+/IL-17^+(Th17)和CD4^+/Foxp3^+T细胞数量,实时荧光定量q-PCR检测大鼠脊髓和淋巴结IFN-γ、IL-17、IL-23和Foxp3 m RNA水平的表达。结果:治疗组大鼠神经功能评分明显改善,体重明显增加;与模型组比较,实验组神经症状和病理改变减轻;与模型组相比,治疗组中大鼠脊髓和淋巴结CD4^+、CD4^+/IFN-γ^+、CD4^+/IL-17^+T细胞数量减少,而CD4^+/Foxp3^+T细胞数量增多(P<0.05);大鼠脊髓和淋巴结IFN-γ、IL-17、IL-23 m RNA表达下降,而Foxp3 m RNA表达增加(P<0.05)。结论:高丽参提取液通过调节免疫系统的CD4^+、CD4^+/IFN-γ^+、CD4^+/IL-17^+和CD4^+/Foxp3^+T细胞数量和CD4~^+T细胞分泌细胞因子的水平对EAE起保护作用。
基金financially supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2019R1A2C1085130)。
文摘Objective:Mitophagy is known to contribute towards progression of Parkinson’s disease.Korean red ginseng(KRG)is a widely used medicinal herb in East Asia,and recent studies have reported that KRG prevents 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion(MPP^(+))-induced cell death.This study was undertaken to investigate whether KRG suppresses MPP^(+)-induced apoptosis and mitophagy.Methods:SH-SY5 Y cells were incubated with KRG for 24 h,and subsequently exposed to MPP^(+).The MPP^(+)-induced cell death was confirmed with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay,and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end-labeling assay.Changes in the structure and function of mitochondria were confirmed using mitotracker,Mito SOX red mitochondrial superoxide indicator,parkin,and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)immunofluorescent staining.Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related factors in whole cells,including Bax,Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3,and mitophagy-related factors in the mitochondrial fraction,including cytochrome c,parkin,PINK1,translocase of the outer membrane 20(TOM20),p62 and Beclin 1.Results:MPP^(+)induced cell death by cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation;however,this effect was suppressed by KRG’s regulation of the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax.Moreover,MPP^(+)exposure increased the mitochondrial expressions of parkin,PINK1,Beclin 1 and p62,and decreased TOM20,cytochrome c and Bcl-2 expressions.These MPP^(+)-induced changes in the mitochondrial fraction were attenuated by treatment with KRG.Conclusion:KRG effectively prevents MPP^(+)-induced SH-SY5 Y cell death by regulating cytochrome c release from mitochondria and PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy,through regulation of the Bcl-2 family.