The effects of leaf water status in a wheat canopy on the accuracy of estimating leaf area index (LAI) and N were determined in this study using extracted spectral characteristics in the 2 000-2 300 nm region of the s...The effects of leaf water status in a wheat canopy on the accuracy of estimating leaf area index (LAI) and N were determined in this study using extracted spectral characteristics in the 2 000-2 300 nm region of the short wave infrared (SWI) band. A newly defined spectral index, relative adsorptive index in the 2000-2300 nm region (RAI2000-2300), which can be calculated by RAI2000-2300 = (R2224 - R2054) (R2224 + R2054)-1 with R being the reflectance at 2224 or 2054 nm, was utilized. This spectral index, RAI2000-2300, was significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with green LAI and leaf N concentration and proved to be potentially valuable for monitoring plant green LAI and leaf N at the field canopy scale. Moreover, plant LAI could be monitored more easily and more successfully than plant leaf N. The study also showed that leaf water had a strong masking effect on the 2 000-2 300 nm spectral characteristics and both the coefficient between RAI2000-2300 and green LAI and that between RAI2000-2300 and leaf N content decreased as leaf water content increased.展开更多
Experiments were performed on 64 Sprague-Dawley rats under urethane anesthesia. Extracellular recording method was used to investigate the effect of aluminum(Al)microinjected into CA3 on long-term potentiation(LTP)in ...Experiments were performed on 64 Sprague-Dawley rats under urethane anesthesia. Extracellular recording method was used to investigate the effect of aluminum(Al)microinjected into CA3 on long-term potentiation(LTP)in this area. The relationship between the inhibitory effect of Al and L-arginine-NO pathway was also studied. Microinjection of Al (0.5 mot/L, 1μl) into CA3 could block the induction of LTP in CA3. Microinjection of Al (0.5 mol/L, 1μl) into CA3 after LTP was induced could also decrease the amplitude of population spike(PS).The inhibitory effect of Al on LTP in CA3 could be enhanced by preinjection of N^G-nitro-L-arginine (0.3 mol/L, 1μl). Preinjection of L-arginine (0.3 mol/L, 1μl) into CA3 could antagonize the inhibitory effect of Al on LTP.These results suggest that Al could block the induction of LTP and decrease the amplitude of PS potentiated in CA3. The effect of A1 might be antagonized by Larginine-NO pathway.展开更多
This study was aimed at establishing allometric models for estimating LA (Leaf Area) of eight Coffea arabica genotypes in Mana district of Jimma Zone Oromia Regional State, South Western Ethiopia (7°46'N, ...This study was aimed at establishing allometric models for estimating LA (Leaf Area) of eight Coffea arabica genotypes in Mana district of Jimma Zone Oromia Regional State, South Western Ethiopia (7°46'N, 36°0'E). Many Methodologies and instruments have been devised to facilitate measurement of leaf area. However, these methods are destructive, laborious and expensive. For modeling leaf area, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area of 1200 leaves (50 leaves for each genotype) was measured for model calibration and the respective measurements on 960 leaves were used for model validation. Linear measurement was taken from leaves and branch diameters of eight genotypes of C. arabica, cultivated in field following a randomized complete blocks design at three altitudes (High, Medium and Low) were evaluated to identify best option for input in the models, and to validate the method to estimate the leaf area. Linear and non-linear models were tested for their accuracy to predict leaf area of the eight C. arabica genotypes. The use of linear model resulted in high accuracy for all of the eight C. arabica genotypes. No significant effect of growing altitude and genotype was obtained among the slopes of the models. Therefore, one single model was fitted to the combined data of all genotypes at all altitudes (LA = 0.6434LW). Comparison between observed and predicted leaf area was made using this model in another independent dataset, conducted for model validation, exhibited a high degree of correlation (r = 0.98 - 0.99, P < 0. 01). The over or under estimation of the leaf area using this model ranges between 0.02% to 1.7% and this model is adequate to estimate the leaf area for the eight C. arabica genotypes. Hence, this model can be proposed to be reliably used and with this developed model, researchers can estimate the leaf area of newly released eight genotypes of C. arabica at different altitudes accurately.展开更多
Area integral functions are introduced for sectorial operators on Lp-spaces. We establish the equivalence between the square and area integral functions for sectorial operators on Lpspaces. This follows that the resul...Area integral functions are introduced for sectorial operators on Lp-spaces. We establish the equivalence between the square and area integral functions for sectorial operators on Lpspaces. This follows that the results of Cowling, Doust, McIntosh, Yagi, and Le Merdy on H∞functional calculus of sectorial operators on Lp-spaces hold true when the square functions are replaced by the area integral functions.展开更多
To unravel the geochemical heterogeneity and its origin in different terranes of North China,we conducted geochronological and geochemical analyses of the meta-mafic rocks from the Lüliang–Zhongtiao rift zone(Sh...To unravel the geochemical heterogeneity and its origin in different terranes of North China,we conducted geochronological and geochemical analyses of the meta-mafic rocks from the Lüliang–Zhongtiao rift zone(Shanxi Province).LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating yielded mostly End-Neoarchean to Proterozoic ages for the basement rocks(Sushui Complex:2516±26 Ma;Metamafic rocks:2494±31 Ma),Jiangxian Group(~2213 Ma),Zhongtiao Group(2077±29 Ma),Jiehekou Group(1998±23 Ma),and Lüliang Group(2152±52 Ma).Petrographic characteristics show that the meta-mafic rocks from the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic Zhongtiaoshan(Sushui Complex)have similar geochemical characteristics to the overlying Jiangxian and Zhongtiao Groups.The Paleoproterozoic Lüliang andYejishan Group meta-mafic rocks from Lüliangshan also have similar geochemical characteristics but are geochemically different from similar-age rocks from Zhongtiaoshan.This shows that the late-stage rocks have a geochemical inheritance from the early-stage rocks in the same region and that the geochemical heterogeneity of rocks from different areas was originated from the inherited heterogeneity of the magma source.展开更多
It is shown that a convex body has minimal dual p-surface area among its affine transformations of the same volume if and only if its dual p-surface area measure is isotropic. A double-sided estimate for the (n-1)-dim...It is shown that a convex body has minimal dual p-surface area among its affine transformations of the same volume if and only if its dual p-surface area measure is isotropic. A double-sided estimate for the (n-1)-dimensional volume of the intersection of a dual p-surface isotropic convex body in terms of its affine invariant dual p-surface quantity is given. Furthermore, the dual p-isopermetric inequality is obtained.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(No. 2002AA243011)the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation of China (No. G2000077907)
文摘The effects of leaf water status in a wheat canopy on the accuracy of estimating leaf area index (LAI) and N were determined in this study using extracted spectral characteristics in the 2 000-2 300 nm region of the short wave infrared (SWI) band. A newly defined spectral index, relative adsorptive index in the 2000-2300 nm region (RAI2000-2300), which can be calculated by RAI2000-2300 = (R2224 - R2054) (R2224 + R2054)-1 with R being the reflectance at 2224 or 2054 nm, was utilized. This spectral index, RAI2000-2300, was significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with green LAI and leaf N concentration and proved to be potentially valuable for monitoring plant green LAI and leaf N at the field canopy scale. Moreover, plant LAI could be monitored more easily and more successfully than plant leaf N. The study also showed that leaf water had a strong masking effect on the 2 000-2 300 nm spectral characteristics and both the coefficient between RAI2000-2300 and green LAI and that between RAI2000-2300 and leaf N content decreased as leaf water content increased.
基金This project was supported by grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.39270591)
文摘Experiments were performed on 64 Sprague-Dawley rats under urethane anesthesia. Extracellular recording method was used to investigate the effect of aluminum(Al)microinjected into CA3 on long-term potentiation(LTP)in this area. The relationship between the inhibitory effect of Al and L-arginine-NO pathway was also studied. Microinjection of Al (0.5 mot/L, 1μl) into CA3 could block the induction of LTP in CA3. Microinjection of Al (0.5 mol/L, 1μl) into CA3 after LTP was induced could also decrease the amplitude of population spike(PS).The inhibitory effect of Al on LTP in CA3 could be enhanced by preinjection of N^G-nitro-L-arginine (0.3 mol/L, 1μl). Preinjection of L-arginine (0.3 mol/L, 1μl) into CA3 could antagonize the inhibitory effect of Al on LTP.These results suggest that Al could block the induction of LTP and decrease the amplitude of PS potentiated in CA3. The effect of A1 might be antagonized by Larginine-NO pathway.
文摘This study was aimed at establishing allometric models for estimating LA (Leaf Area) of eight Coffea arabica genotypes in Mana district of Jimma Zone Oromia Regional State, South Western Ethiopia (7°46'N, 36°0'E). Many Methodologies and instruments have been devised to facilitate measurement of leaf area. However, these methods are destructive, laborious and expensive. For modeling leaf area, leaf width, leaf length and leaf area of 1200 leaves (50 leaves for each genotype) was measured for model calibration and the respective measurements on 960 leaves were used for model validation. Linear measurement was taken from leaves and branch diameters of eight genotypes of C. arabica, cultivated in field following a randomized complete blocks design at three altitudes (High, Medium and Low) were evaluated to identify best option for input in the models, and to validate the method to estimate the leaf area. Linear and non-linear models were tested for their accuracy to predict leaf area of the eight C. arabica genotypes. The use of linear model resulted in high accuracy for all of the eight C. arabica genotypes. No significant effect of growing altitude and genotype was obtained among the slopes of the models. Therefore, one single model was fitted to the combined data of all genotypes at all altitudes (LA = 0.6434LW). Comparison between observed and predicted leaf area was made using this model in another independent dataset, conducted for model validation, exhibited a high degree of correlation (r = 0.98 - 0.99, P < 0. 01). The over or under estimation of the leaf area using this model ranges between 0.02% to 1.7% and this model is adequate to estimate the leaf area for the eight C. arabica genotypes. Hence, this model can be proposed to be reliably used and with this developed model, researchers can estimate the leaf area of newly released eight genotypes of C. arabica at different altitudes accurately.
文摘Area integral functions are introduced for sectorial operators on Lp-spaces. We establish the equivalence between the square and area integral functions for sectorial operators on Lpspaces. This follows that the results of Cowling, Doust, McIntosh, Yagi, and Le Merdy on H∞functional calculus of sectorial operators on Lp-spaces hold true when the square functions are replaced by the area integral functions.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB18010105)the Talent start-up fund of Guiyang University(2019039510821)。
文摘To unravel the geochemical heterogeneity and its origin in different terranes of North China,we conducted geochronological and geochemical analyses of the meta-mafic rocks from the Lüliang–Zhongtiao rift zone(Shanxi Province).LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating yielded mostly End-Neoarchean to Proterozoic ages for the basement rocks(Sushui Complex:2516±26 Ma;Metamafic rocks:2494±31 Ma),Jiangxian Group(~2213 Ma),Zhongtiao Group(2077±29 Ma),Jiehekou Group(1998±23 Ma),and Lüliang Group(2152±52 Ma).Petrographic characteristics show that the meta-mafic rocks from the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic Zhongtiaoshan(Sushui Complex)have similar geochemical characteristics to the overlying Jiangxian and Zhongtiao Groups.The Paleoproterozoic Lüliang andYejishan Group meta-mafic rocks from Lüliangshan also have similar geochemical characteristics but are geochemically different from similar-age rocks from Zhongtiaoshan.This shows that the late-stage rocks have a geochemical inheritance from the early-stage rocks in the same region and that the geochemical heterogeneity of rocks from different areas was originated from the inherited heterogeneity of the magma source.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10671117)
文摘It is shown that a convex body has minimal dual p-surface area among its affine transformations of the same volume if and only if its dual p-surface area measure is isotropic. A double-sided estimate for the (n-1)-dimensional volume of the intersection of a dual p-surface isotropic convex body in terms of its affine invariant dual p-surface quantity is given. Furthermore, the dual p-isopermetric inequality is obtained.
