Comparison of QTLs for rice seedling morphology under different water supply conditions

The variation of seedling characteristics under different water supply conditions is strongly associated with drought resistance in rice （Oryza sativa L.） and a better elucidation of its genetics is helpful for improving rice drought resistance. Ninety-six doubled-haploid （DH） rice lines of an indica and japonica cross were grown in both flooding and upland conditions and QTLs for morphological traits at seedling stage were examined using 208 restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） and 76 microsatellite （SSR） markers. A total of 32 putative QTLs were associated with the four seedling traits： average of three adventitious root lengths （ARL）, shoot height （SH）, shoot biomass （SW）, and root to shoot dry weight ratio （RSR）. Five QTLs detected were the same under control and upland conditions. The ratio between the mean value of the seedling trait under upland and flooding conditions was used for assessing drought tolerance. A total of six QTLs for drought tolerance were detected. Comparative analysis was performed for the QTLs detected in this case and those reported from two other populations with the same upland rice variety Azucena as parent. Several identical QTLs for seedling elongation across the three populations with the positive alleles from the upland rice Azucena were detected, which suggests that the alleles of Azucena might be involved in water stress-accelerated elongation of rice under different genetic backgrounds. Five cell wall-related candidate genes for OsEXPI, OsEXP2, OsEXP4, EXT, and EGase were mapped on the intervals carrying the QTLs for seedling traits.

Conditional QTL Mapping of Sedimentation Volume on Seven Quality Traits in Common Wheat

To evaluate the possible genetic interrelationships between flour components and the sedimentation volume（SD）,a doubled haploid（DH） population comprising 168 lines were used to identify the conditional quantitative trait loci（QTLs） for SD in three environments.Ten additive QTLs and 15 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected for SD through unconditional and conditional QTL mapping.Three major additive QTLs were detected for SD conditioned on the seven quality traits.Two additive QTLs were found to be independent of these traits.Three additive QTLs were suppressed by three of the seven traits because of non-detection in unconditional mapping.Three pairs of epistatic QTLs were completely affected by the seven traits because of detection in unconditional mapping but no-detection in conditional mapping.Twelve pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected in conditional mapping.Our results indicated that conditional mapping could contribute to a better understanding of the interdependence of different and closely correlated traits at the QTL molecular level,especially some minor QTLs were found.The conditional mapping approach provides new insights that will make it possible to avoid the disadvantages of different traits by breeding through molecular design.

Effect of Nitrogen on Yield and Oil Quality of Sunflower (<i>Helianthus Annuus</i>L.) Hybrids under Sub Humid Conditions of Pakistan

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has emerged as an economically important crop in Pakistan due to its significant share in vegetable oil production. The plant metabolic processes require protein to increase the vegetative, reproductive growth and yield of the crop. The protein is wholly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen fertilization available for plant use. A two-year field study was conducted in 2008 and 2009. The objective was to determine the effect of different nitrogen (N) levels (N1 = 0 kg·ha–1, N2 = 60 kg·ha–1, N3 = 120 kg·ha–1, N4 = 180 kg·ha–1 and N5 = 240 kg·ha–1) on three sunflower hybrids (Hysun-33, Hysun-38 and Poineer-64A93) in agro-climatic conditions of Gujranwala, a sub-humid region in the centre of the Punjab province of Pakistan. A randomized complete block design split plot experiment was set-up with cultivars in the main plots and N levels in the subplots. Results showed that Hysun-38 gave maximum TDM (15815 kg·ha–1) and maximum grain yield (3389 kg·ha–1), while minimum TDM (14640 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3125 kg·ha–1) was observed in Hysun-33. Among different N rates evaluated, N4 gave maximum TDM (17890 kg·ha–1) and grain yield (3809 kg·ha–1) compared to the other N rates. The maximum oil content (46.2%) was observed in Hysun-38 without application of N fertilizer (N1), while the minimum oil content (40.6%) was observed from N5 treatment. In conclusion, the application of 180 kg·ha–1 N to Hysun-38 provided the best combination for good yield in sunflower crop under the prevailing sub-humid conditions of Pakistan.

Conditional and unconditional QTLs mapping of gluten strength in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Dissecting the genetic relationships among gluten-related traits is important for high quality wheat breeding. Quantita- tive trait loci （QTLs） analysis for gluten strength, as measured by sedimentation volume （SV） and gluten index （GI）, was performed using the QTLNetwork 2.0 software. Recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from the winter wheat varieties Shannong 01-35xGaocheng 9411 were used for the study. A total of seven additive QTLs for gluten strength were identi- fied using an unconditional analysis. QGi1D-13 and QSv1D-14 were detected through unconditional and conditional QTLs mapping, which explained 9.15-45.08% of the phenotypic variation. QTLs only identified under conditional QTL mapping were located in three marker intervals： WPT-3743-GLU-D1 （1D）, WPT-7001-WMC258 （1B）, and WPT-8682-WPT-5562 （1B）. Six pairs of epistatic QTLs distributed nine chromosomes were identified. Of these, two main effect QTLs （QGi1D-13 and QSvlD-14） and 12 pairs of epistatic QTLs were involved in interactions with the environment. The results indicated that chromosomes 1B and 1D are important for the improvement of gluten strength in common wheat. The combination of conditional and unconditional QTLs mapping could be useful for a better understanding of the interdependence of different traits at the QTL molecular level.

一株产L-苹果酸黑曲霉菌株的诱变筛选及发酵培养基优化

为筛选一株产L-苹果酸能力强的黑曲霉菌株,通过紫外诱变与高浓度放线菌酮迭代诱变的方法,将野生型菌株诱变为一株产L-苹果酸能力强的黑曲霉菌株,并对其种子或发酵培养基成分进行优化。结果表明,诱变所得一株产L-苹果酸能力强的黑曲霉CGMCC NO.40550菌株,其摇瓶发酵时种子培养基最适葡萄糖浓度为60 g/L、最适氮源为(NH_4)_2SO_4 4.95 g/L,黑曲霉菌球形成最优转速220 r/min;发酵培养基最适葡萄糖和最适(NH_4)_2SO_4浓度分别为180 g/L和4.95 g/L,Cu SO_4·5H_2O为其生产苹果酸最佳微量元素,最适添加量为0.065 g/L。通过单因素实验的优化,优化后的培养基更有利于L-苹果酸的合成,发酵96 h时L-苹果酸产酸量达到18.15 g/L,显著提高了245%,L-苹果酸占总酸的百分比达到71.69%。本研究为L-苹果酸的工业化生产奠定基础。

陶瓷超滤膜在5-羟基-L-色氨酸发酵产物提取中的应用

为提高5-羟基-L-色氨酸(5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan,5-HTP)提取分离效率,降低能耗和污染排放,选择陶瓷超滤膜应用于从发酵液中提取5-HTP的工艺,对陶瓷超滤膜的过滤条件进行优化.首先优选出适合的膜孔径为10 nm,进一步优化得到陶瓷超滤膜分离提取5-HTP的3个最优工艺参数:发酵液pH值3.5,跨膜压差0.75 MPa,料液过膜温度35℃.在此工艺条件下,5-HTP的透过率在92%以上,对游离蛋白质截留率达90%以上,满足进一步浓缩、结晶制备5-HTP的要求,达到了优化预期效果,为陶瓷超滤膜应用于从发酵液中工业化提取5-HTP提供了可靠依据.

Experimental Study on Hydrodynamics of L-type Podded Propulsor in Straight-ahead Motion and Off-Design Conditions

试验性的测试被进行评估 L 类型 podded propulsor 的水动力学性能在直向前，用一台开水的测量仪器的运动和离开设计条件为 podded propulsors 由作者发展了，拖引坦克的一个轮船模型，并且在水粒子图象 velocimetry (PIV ) 下面测量系统。在条件的三种类型下面， L 类型 podded propulsor 的主要参数被测量，包括推进器戳和转矩，以及整个豆荚单位的戳，方面力量，和时刻。另外，在推进器和神气之间的节上的流动领域被分析。试验性的结果证明动态 azimuthing 率和方向和转弯的方向在推进器和整个豆荚单位上影响力量。因为推进器旋转的效果，力量不均匀地在左、正确的 azimuthing 方向之间被散布。这研究的调查结果为关于 L 类型 podded propulsors 的进一步的研究提供一个基础。

Optimization of ISSR-PCR System and Conditions for Portulaca oleracea L.

With Portulaca oleracea L. as an experimental material, its total DNA was extracted by the improved CTAB method, the ISSR-PCR primers were screened, and the ISSR-PCR reaction system and reaction conditions for P. oleracea were Optimized. The results showed that there were 8 primers suitable for ISSR-PCR of P. oleracea. The optimal reaction system had a volume of 25 μl, including 2 x Taq Platinum PCR Master Mix 12.5 μl, primer 2 μl, ddH20 9.5 μl, and DNA template 1μl. The optimized ISSR-PCR of P. oleracea was started with pre-denaturation at 94 ℃ for 360 s, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 60 s, annealing at 54 ℃ for 60 s and extension at 72 ℃ for 90 s, and completed by extension at 72 ℃ for 300 s.

ON THE NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS TO SOLVE A HEAT EQUATION WITH GENERAL ADDITIVE GAUSSIAN NOISE

In this note, we consider stochastic heat equation with general additive Gaussian noise. Our aim is to derive some necessary and sufficient conditions on the Gaussian noise in order to solve the corresponding heat equation. We investigate this problem invoking two differen t met hods, respectively, based on variance compu tations and on pat h-wise considerations in Besov spaces. We are going to see that, as anticipated, both approaches lead to the same necessary and sufficient condition on the noise. In addition, the path-wise approach brings out regularity results for the solution.

基于SSA_(n)-SSA_(l)-LSTM的短期空调负荷预测模型

本文提出了一种奇异谱分析(SSA_(n))和麻雀搜索算法(SSA_(l))优化的长短期记忆网络(LSTM)的组合空调负荷预测模型。使用皮尔逊相关系数和主成分分析法对输入特征进行挑选和处理,以消除特征之间的冗余性和相关性。针对空调负荷的波动性和随机性,采用SSA_(n)将空调负荷分解为多个分量。同时针对LSTM超参数设置的问题,采用SSA_(l)对模型进行优化,使用优化后的LSTM对各个分量进行预测,对预测结果进行重构。利用办公建筑和医疗建筑的空调负荷数据对模型进行了验证和分析。研究发现,与其他模型相比,SSA_(n)-SSA_(l)-LSTM模型表现最好,在预测办公建筑空调负荷时决定系数(R^(2))高达0.996 7,平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.62%、14.42 kW和18.82 kW,在预测医疗建筑空调负荷时R^(2)高达0.992 7,MAPE、MAE和RMSE分别为0.50%、19.40 kW和25.71 kW。

L2 Learning of English Conditionals: Online Versus Traditional Classroom Teaching

The issue of whether online teaching could replace traditional classroom(TC)teaching has attracted the attention of researchers in the applied linguistics literature.The current study attempted to shed light on this proposition by testing it on the difficult linguistic target of conditional if-clauses in English.The difficulty of these clauses stems from the fact that different tenses are used to express meanings that are sometimes not related to the tense used.The study recruited 49 participants,who were divided into two groups(23 in the online group,26 in the TC teaching group)and given a multiple-choice task containing 20 items.The study adopted a longitudinal research design(pretest and posttest).Each group was pretested before receiving just one two-hour treatment session.Then both groups were posttested.The results showed that both groups struggled with the second and third types of conditionals more than the zero and first types.The TC teaching group improved in the posttest in all types of conditionals.The online group improved in only two types of conditionals(zero and first).The TC teaching group outperformed the online group in the second and third conditionals.The findings indicate that classroom learning is superior to online learning and that,depending on their type,some conditionals in English are more difficult to learn than others.

Seminal, adventitious and lateral root growth and physiological responses in rice to upland conditions

Understanding the growth and physiological responses of rice to upland conditions would be help-ful for designing treatments to improve the tolerance of rice under a rainfed system. The objective of this studywas to investigate the initiation, elongation and membrane stability of seminal, lateral and adventitious roots of upland rice after 9-d upland condition treatment. Compared with control roots under waterlogged conditions,upland water deficiency conditions favor seminal and lateral root growth over adventitious root growth by accel-erating seminal root elongation, promoting lateral root initiation and elongation, and reducing the elongation and number of adventitious roots. Enhanced total root number and length resulted in increase of total root dryweight and thereby increasing the mot-to-shoot ratio. Organic compound leakage from seminal root tips and ad-ventitious roots increased progressively to some extent with upland culture duration, while significant increasesin seminal root tips were the consequence of loss of membrane integrity caused by the upland-condition en-haneed growth.

RENORMALIZED SOLUTIONS OF ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS WITH ROBIN BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

In the present paper, we consider elliptic equations with nonlinear and nonlao mogeneous Robin boundary conditions of the type {-div（B（x,u）△u） = f in Ω,u=0 on Гo, B（x,u）Vu·n^-＋γ（x）h（u） = 9 on Г1,where f and g are the element of L^1（Ω） and L^1（Г1）, respectively. We define a notion of renormalized solution and we prove the existence of a solution. Under additionM assumptions on the matrix field B we show that the renormalized solution is unique.

L^q-Dini型核(1

主要证明了具有Lq-Dini型核(1<q<∞)的奇异积分算子交换子[b,T]满足如下不等式:|{x∈Rn:|[b,T]f(x)|>λ}|≤C‖b‖BMO∫Rn|f(λx)|(1+log+|f(λx)|)dx.

On Second-order Sufficient Conditions in Constrained Nonsmooth Optimization

In this paper, we establish a second-order sufficient condition for constrained optimization problems of a class of so called t-stable functions in terms of the first-order and the second-order Dini type directional derivatives. The result extends the corresponding result of [D. Bednarik and K. Pastor, Math. Program. Ser. A, 113（2008）, 283-298] to constrained optimization problems.

茂源链霉菌L-谷氨酸氧化酶的异源表达以及诱导条件优化

L-谷氨酸氧化酶(L-glutamate oxidase,LGOX)能够专一性氧化L-谷氨酸生成α-酮戊二酸(α-ketoglutaric acid,α-KG),在食品领域以及临床生化检验中具有重要的价值。为了提高LGOX的活性,本文结合生物信息学方法和显色法,筛选得到一种新型的含有LGOX基因的茂源链霉菌株(Streptomyces mobaraensis CGMCC 4.1719),以其基因组序列为模板,通过PCR技术扩增LGOX基因,与pET21b质粒连接,构建表达载体pET21b-SmLGOX,化转至大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,并对诱导条件加以优选。通过电泳分析结果可知,SmLGOX基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达。确定了最佳诱导条件为:IPTG终浓度0.4 mmol/L,30℃下诱导6 h。纯化后在不同pH条件下测定酶活,该重组菌最适pH为6.0,且在pH=4.0~6.0时相对酶活保持在80%以上,稳定性好,适于LGOX的工业化应用。

重组大肠杆菌产L-阿拉伯糖异构酶的条件优化

L-阿拉伯糖异构酶可以将D-半乳糖催化为D-塔格糖,为提高E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET-30a(+)-araA产L-阿拉伯糖异构酶的能力,分别优化了该基因工程菌发酵基础培养基中的碳源、氮源和诱导时机、诱导温度、诱导剂浓度和诱导时长。结果表明,采用优化后的发酵基础培养基和诱导产酶条件生产的L-阿拉伯糖异构酶的酶活力可达到80.1 U/mL,是优化前的1.8倍。L-阿拉伯糖异构酶与90 g/L的D-半乳糖在55℃的水浴振荡器中反应12 h,D-半乳糖的转化率可达到44.2%。

一类Dini广义凸非光滑多目标规划的充分条件

以Dini导数为研究工具,通过引进Dini不变凸函数、Dini不变拟凸函数、Dini不变伪凸函数,讨论了它们的性质.在此基础上建立了Dini广义凸非光滑多目标规划最优性的充分条件,得到一系列相关结果.

通气条件对曲霉N1-14'产生L-苹果酸的影响

报道了在曲霉 N1 -1 4' (Aspergillus sp.N1 -1 4' )利用葡萄糖产生 L-苹果酸已达80 g/ L的工艺条件下 ,进一步深入探讨通气条件对 L-苹果酸产生的影响。观察到曲霉 N1 -1 4' 产酸时对氧的需求是动态变化的 ,顺其自然则既能降低能耗又能提高产率 ;曲霉 N1 -1 4'对通气条件的改变非常敏感 ,改变通气条件 ,其胞质中可溶性蛋白含量及胞质中丙酮酸羧化酶活力均明显变化 ,而且 2者之间呈很好的线性正相关 (r=0 .9563 ) ,表明通气条件直接作用于催化 CO2 固定反应的酶 ,从而影响曲霉 N1 -1 4' 产生 L-苹果酸 ,提示应以丙酮酸羧化酶为指示对溶氧条件做进一步优化研究。